Changping District 2010-2011 school year, the second semester of the third grade, the second unified practice
Chemistry test paper 2011.5
Instructions for Candidates 1. This test paper *** 8 pages, *** four big questions, 35 sub-topics, out of a total of 80 points. The examination will last for 100 minutes.
2. Fill in your school, examination number and name accurately on the answer card.
3. All answers will be filled in the corresponding position of the answer card and will not be valid on the test paper.
4. At the end of the examination, return the examination paper and the answer card together.
5. " " and " → " in the chemical equations in this question paper have the same meaning.
Relative atomic masses that may be used
H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Cl 35.5 Cu 64 Zn 65
I. Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark for each sub-question, ***25 marks. Only one option for each sub-question meets the meaning of the question.)
1. air composition, the volume fraction of about 21% is
A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. carbon dioxide D. rare gases
2. the following on the traditional production of Xuanpaper process is the main chemical changes
A. selection of raw materials B. alkali cooking C. bamboo curtains to fish the paper D. cut paper
3. the following substances in the A. iron wire B. candles C. charcoal D. red phosphorus
4. iodized salt, "iodine" should be interpreted as
A. atoms B. molecules C. elements D. monomers
5. p>
A. diving B. fire-fighting C. first aid D. gas welding
6. One of the following properties that is fundamentally different from the other three is
A. color B. state C. solubility D. flammability
7. The following chemical terms are correct
A. 2 atoms of oxygen: O2 B. 3 sodium ions: 3Na C. 2 atoms of hydrogen: 2H D. Potassium chloride: KCl2
8. The following experimental operations are correct
A. Covering an alcohol lamp fire with a wet rag B. Filtering C. Heating a liquid D. Reading the volume of a liquid
9. The following operations both speed up the rate of dissolution and increase the mass of dissolved potassium nitrate
A. Stirring B. Vibrating C. Heating D. Cooling Cooling
10. The following substances can be used as desiccants for certain gases
A. concentrated sulfuric acid B. iron oxide C. concentrated hydrochloric acid D. sodium chloride
11. The following sports facilities do not use synthetic organic polymers
A. competition B. volleyball C. double-bar D. high-jumping
Plastic running track Chemical fiber nets Wooden beams Sponge mats
12. firefighters extinguish fires, often to combustible materials sprayed with a large amount of water, which is
A. to make water decomposition B. to make the water into water vapor C. to reduce the ignition point of combustibles D. to reduce the temperature, isolation of the air
13. the Beijing subway serves the downtown area of the city's urban rail transit system, which rails used in the steel belongs to
13. The steel used in the rails belongs to
A. metallic materials B. composite materials C. synthetic materials D. inorganic non-metallic materials
14. The following substances can be used as nitrogen fertilizers
A. K2CO3 B. CCO(NH2)2 C. Ca3(PO4)2 D. K2SO4
15. The following is correctly stated
A. If you accidentally get lye on your hands, the lye will be used for the purpose of reducing the fire point of the material D. reducing temperature of insulated air
13. If you accidentally get lye on your skin, you should apply hydrochloric acid immediately
B. Formaldehyde can act as an antiseptic, so you can soak aquatic products in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde and sell them
C. Waste plastics can be incinerated on the spot in order to reduce white pollution
D. You should carry out a light test before entering an unused cellar
16. The following statements about atoms are correct
16.
A. The number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of neutrons B. Atoms are the smallest particles that can't be subdivided
C. The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus D. Atoms do not have charged particles, so they are not electrically charged
17. The process of water electrolysis can be represented by the following diagrams.
A. ① ② ③ ④ B. ② ① ④ ③ C. ③ ② ① ④ D. ④ ① ③ ②
18. A chemistry interest group investigated the law of conservation of mass by using the device shown on the right.
They changed the reagents and repeated the experiment and got the correct conclusion. The reagents they chose later were
A. dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium strips
B. sodium carbonate and dilute sulfuric acid
C. dilute hydrochloric acid and copper powder
D. sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide solution
19. The following methods of removing impurities are incorrect
Options Substance (impurities in parentheses) Method of removing impurities
A KNO3(CaCO3) Dissolve, filter, evaporate
B CO2(CO) through NaOH solution
C N2(O2) through a burning copper mesh
D NaCl solution (NaOH) Add an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid
20. α-Alanine is one of the amino acids that make up the human body's proteins, and the diagram on the right is a model diagram of the molecular structure of α-alanine. The right figure is a model diagram of the molecular structure of α-alanine, the following description of α-alanine is correct
A. composed of four atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
B. the hydrogen element has the largest mass fraction
C. the chemical formula is C3H7O2N
D. belongs to the oxides
21. X, Y, Z, W are four different metals, a student for the X, Y, Z and W are four different metals. A student carries out the following experiment to compare the strengths and weaknesses of the activities of the metals. (Those that can have a replacement reaction are marked "√", those that can't are marked "-", and those that are unmarked indicate that the experiment was not done.) The order of activity of these four metals is
X Y Z W
Hydrochloric acid √ - -
Nitrate of Z √ -
Nitrate of W √ -
A. X>W>. Y>Z B. X> Y > W > Z C. W > X > Y> Z D. Y > W> Z > X
22. Comparative reasoning is a common method of thinking used in the study of Chemistry, and the following are correct in the comparative reasoning about the substances concerned
A. Acid can make the litmus solution red, and CO2 can also make the litmus solution turns red, so CO2 is an acid
B. NaCl and NaNO2 are salty salts, so NaNO2 can be used instead of NaCl as table salt
C. Iron and copper are metals, and iron reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen, so copper also reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen
D. The molecular compositions of H2O and H2O2 are different, so the chemical properties are different. The right figure shows the solubility curves of two solid substances A and B. The following statements are correct. The following statements are correct
A. At 20°C, the mass fractions of solutes in the saturated solutions of A and B are not equal
B. At 20°C, 60g of A is added to 100g of water to obtain solution A. If another 100g of water is added,
it will make the mass fraction of solution A smaller
C. At 40°C, the mass fraction of solute in the saturated solution of A is is about 33.3%
D. The saturated solution of B can be made unsaturated by lowering the temperature
24. The figure on the right is a microscopic schematic diagram of the complete reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid, and the incorrect conclusion from this is that
A. The pH of the solution at the end of the reaction is 7
B. The particles present in sodium hydroxide solution are Na+ and OH-, and the particles present in the solution are Na+ and OH-, and the particles present in the solution are Na+ and OH-. are Na+ and OH-
C. The essence of the reaction is the combination of H+ and OH- to produce H2O molecules
D. If the two happen to be completely reacted and the mass fraction of solute in the resulting solution is 11.7%, then the ratio of the number of sodium ions to the number of water molecules in this
solution is 36:883
25. The following graphs of the coordinates show the change of four The following four graphs represent the change of certain quantities during an experiment, the correct one is
A B C D
A. adding dilute hydrochloric acid to a certain amount of iron powder
B. adding water to a solution of pH=3
C. heating a certain amount of potassium permanganate solid
D. reacting an equal mass of Zn and Mg with an equal mass of dilute hydrochloric acid of an equal mass fraction
D. reacting with an equal mass of Zn and Mg with an equal mass fraction of dilute hydrochloric acid of an equal mass fraction
D. reacting with an equal mass of Zn and Mg with an equal mass of Mg. Reaction
II. Fill in the blanks (***5 sub-questions , ***30 marks.)
26. (6 points) Chemistry is closely related to life.
(1) The components of food are mainly proteins, sugars, fats and oils, , inorganic salts and water and other six categories, usually called nutrients. The following types of food are richest in sugars (fill in the letter).
A. vegetables B. rice C. eggs D. milk
(2) The World Health Organization promotes the use of Chinese iron pots for stir-frying, and a little bit of vinegar can replenish the micronutrient elements needed by the human body.
(3) Oil stains on dishes can be washed off more easily with water to which detergent has been added, because detergent has a function.
(4) Baking powder is a chemical bulking agent, mainly through the chemical reaction between sodium bicarbonate and some acidic ingredients to produce gas
and play a role in foaming.
(5) teeth grinder can effectively help remove tartar from the surface of the teeth, teeth grinder grinding head is made of 50% rubber and 50% emery (the main
component of silicon carbide) special. It is known that silicon carbide in the element of carbon -4 valence, silicon element +4 valence, then the chemical formula of silicon carbide is .
27. (6 points) water and human life and production are closely related.
(1) To test whether groundwater is hard or soft, the substance available is .
(2) Determination of the pH of groundwater is best done with (fill in the letter).
A. colorless phenolphthalein solution B. pH test paper C. purple litmus solution
(3) Groundwater is treated with the simple water purifier shown on the right, in which activated carbon is used .
(4) Among several common methods of water purification, the operation that purifies groundwater to the highest degree is .
(5) The following statements about saline are incorrect (fill in the letter).
A. The solvent of saline is water B. All parts of the same salty reflects the homogeneity of the composition of the solution
C. Drinking saline can be supplemented with inorganic salts for the human body D. Water molecules are the smallest particles to maintain the nature of the NaCl
(6) in the role of bacteria, you can use ammonia to treat the industrial wastewater containing methanol (CH3OH), the relevant reaction of the chemical The equation is
5CH3OH+12O2+6NH3 3X+5CO2+19H2O, then the chemical formula of X is .
28.(5 points) Making connections between macro, micro and symbols is a hallmark of chemistry.
(1) The following is a schematic representation of the structure of several particles.
① ② ③ ④
They represent elements, atoms and anions (fill in the number).
(2) Substance A is often used for welding and cutting metals, and its relative molecular mass is 26. A certain mass of pure substance A and 40g of pure
substance B are fully reacted under certain conditions as shown in the figure below, and when substance B is fully reacted, 44g of substance C and 9g of substance D are produced.
① The chemical equation of the reaction is .
② The mass ratio of each element in substance A is .
29. (7 points) The automobile is an indispensable means of transportation in modern life.
(1) Some cars new exhaust system, the use of corrosion resistance of titanium alloy materials. Production of titanium (Ti) part of the process flow diagram
as follows:
Magnesium and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) at high temperatures to produce the metal Ti, the basic type of reaction belongs to . The above reaction needs to be carried out in an
argon environment for the reason that .
(2) automobile fuel is mainly gasoline, if the fuel tank leaks, approaching the car can be smelled. Explain this phenomenon from the molecular point of view .
(3) Replacing gasoline with natural gas can reduce the emission of harmful substances. The main component of natural gas is (fill in the chemical formula).
(4) The persistent "fever" in oil prices has raised deep concerns about future energy supply, demand and prices, and prompted people to seek alternatives to oil
. The following statement is correct (fill in the letter).
A．We should treasure fossil fuels because they are both fuels and important chemical raw materials, and they are not renewable
B．While using fossil fuels rationally, we should seek to develop new energy sources
C．The state has decided to popularize the application of ethanol gasoline, which is a new type of chemical compounds
D．The use of ethanol gasoline in automobiles can reduce the emission of harmful gases
(5) Compared with a family car and a bus, the former consumes about 1/5 as much fuel as the latter. The ratio of pollutants emitted by the former to those emitted by the latter while traveling is also about 1/5. If the average number of passengers carried by the latter is 50 and the average number of passengers carried by the former is 2, compare them in terms of fuel utilization and environmental factors, and your suggestion is .
M
C Z
B Y
A X
30. (6 points) As shown in the figure, the students in the study group built a house game to establish the connection between several substances. a, b, c, x, y, z, m are common substances in junior high school. The rules of the game are: the following substances can be transformed into the neighboring substances above, X is a single substance, and all others are compounds.
(1) A large amount of heat is released when A is converted into B. The common name for A is .
(2) B can be used industrially to make C. The chemical equation for the conversion of B to C is .
(3) If a substance is added dropwise to C until it is in excess, the total mass of the solution remains unchanged, but a
chemical reaction takes place, and the relevant chemical equation is .
(4) The chemical equation for the conversion of X to Y is ; the chemical equation for the conversion of Y to Z is ; the chemical equation for the conversion of Z to M is .
Three, experimental questions (***3 sub-questions, ***19 points)
31. (6 points) according to the knowledge gained to answer the following questions:
A B C D E
(1) the chemical equation of the laboratory with potassium permanganate to produce oxygen is , the choice of the generator is (fill in the letter),
Collecting the oxygen with the C device after the The method of checking the fullness is .
(2) The device shown in Figure F can be used to measure the volume of CO2 generated, in which the purpose of putting a layer of vegetable oil on the water surface is to
The original air above the vegetable oil on the results of the experiment (fill in the "with" or "without"). significantly affect the results of the experiment.
F G
(3) The experimental setup for determining the oxygen content of air is shown in Figure G. The following statements are correct (fill in the blanks). The following statements are correct (fill in the letter).
A. Red phosphorus is used because the reaction depletes oxygen and produces solid phosphorus pentoxide
B. The red phosphorus in the burning spoon can be exchanged for sulphur and charcoal
C. The more red phosphorus there is in the burning spoon, the higher the water rises
D. This experiment proves that air contains N2, O2, CO2 and rare gases
32. (5 points) A study group uses the diagram on the right to determine the amount of oxygen in the air. 分） A study group used the device at right to determine the mass fraction of zinc and copper in a copper-zinc alloy.
(1) B in the chemical reaction equation;
(2) the main experimental steps are: check the airtightness, the drugs and water into the apparatus, connect
connected to the device, and then the operation: ① record the position of the liquid level of C; ② will be the remaining
solid filtration of B, washing, drying, weighing; ③ to be B no longer have After no more gas is produced in B and it returns to room temperature
, the liquid level of C is recorded; ④, a sufficient amount of reagent is added from A to B dropwise.
The order of the above operations is (fill in the number);
(3) If the mass of the copper-zinc alloy used in the experiment is ag, and the volume of hydrogen gas is measured to be VL after the reaction with the acid is sufficient,
in order to find out the mass fractions of the zinc and copper in the alloy, the missing data is (fill in the letter);
A. volume of the dilute acid added before the reaction B. mass fraction of the dilute acid added before the reaction
. mass fraction
C. the volume of air in the reaction apparatus before the experiment D. the density of hydrogen under the experimental conditions
(4) If the mass of the copper-zinc alloy used in the experiment is ag, and the mass of the solid remaining in B after the full reaction with the acid is bg, then the mass
fraction of zinc
is ;
(5) In the course of the experiment, if the insoluble material obtained by filtration is not washed, then the mass fraction of zinc obtained will be (fill in the letter). (5) If the insoluble material obtained by filtration is not washed during the experiment, the mass fraction of zinc obtained will be (填寫 "偏大"、
"偏小 "或 "不影响").
33. (8 points) There are five white solids in the lab, and the teacher asks the chemistry lab group to identify them.
(1) Research
①The five white solids are: NaOH, Na2CO3, CuSO4, Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3.
②Consultation: The students in the group consulted some properties of NaOH, Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
Properties NaOH Na2CO3 NaHCO3
Solubility Solubility 109 g at 20 °C Solubility 21.5 g at 20 °C
Exothermic when dissolved Solubility 9.6 g at 20 °C
Exothermic when dissolved
Heating Does not decompose Does not decompose Decomposition occurs and the decomposition products are sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water. The decomposition products are sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water.
(2) Experimental investigation: the students' investigation report is as follows, please help to complete.
Experimental Steps Experimental Phenomena Experimental Conclusions
Step 1: Put a small amount of five white solids, labeled A, B, C, D, and E, into each of five test tubes, and then add a certain amount of water in turn and shake. The solutions of A, C, and D are colorless; the solution of B is cloudy; and the solution of E is blue. B is
E is
Step 2: Add drops of colorless phenolphthalein solution to each of the above A, C, and D solutions. The phenolphthalein solution in all three test tubes turned red. Conclusion:
Step 3:
Experiment on A, B, and C based on the setup on the right.
① Heating solid A B solution has no obvious phenomenon. A is Na2CO3
② After ① stops heating, add dilute hydrochloric acid to C solution through a long-necked funnel C solution has bubbles, B solution has bubbles escaping and a white precipitate is generated. The chemical equation for the reaction in solution B is
Step 4: Based on the setup shown on the right, conduct an experiment on B and C. The reaction in solution B is the same as the reaction in solution B.
A colorless droplet is produced at the mouth of the heated test tube, and bubbles escape from solution B and the solution becomes cloudy. C is
Using the method of elimination to conclude:
D is NaOH
(3) experimental reflection: the teacher guided the students to discuss the process of the above experimental investigation, comprehensive reflection, found that the experimental conclusions are still uncertain, can not be determined by the substance is (fill in the chemical formula); please continue to identify by physical methods.
Experimental steps Experimental phenomena and conclusions
Four, calculation questions (***2 subtopics, ***6 points, the final result to retain a decimal, the calculation process requires standardization)
34. (3 points) If the downpipe pipeline is clogged, we can use a main ingredient for the pipeline unclogging agent of sodium hydroxide and aluminum flakes to unclog. The reaction principle is: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2↑, to produce 1.5g of hydrogen, please calculate how many grams of aluminum are contained in the pipe unblocker used?
35. (3 points) beaker with 20.4g Na2CO3 and NaCl solid mixture, to which gradually added 10% solute mass fraction of dilute hydrochloric acid. The mass of the gas released and the added dilute hydrochloric acid mass relationship curve shown in the figure, please answer the question according to the meaning of the question:
(1) when the drop of dilute hydrochloric acid to the point B in the figure, the beaker of the solution of the solute is (write the chemical formula).
(2) When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to point A in the figure, the beaker is an unsaturated solution (room temperature),
Find the mass fraction of the solute by calculation.