So, what is sex?
There are differences between men and women in human beings, and the differences between men and women are first manifested in sex. Because both men and women have their own unique physiological anatomical structures and physiological activities, sex first refers to the biological differences between men and women, which includes the following aspects:
On the one hand, sex chromosomes are different, which is a fundamental sexual biological difference.
From the point of view of reproduction and heredity, human cells can be divided into somatic cells and germ cells. Cells in human bones, muscles, skin, heart, liver and other organs are somatic cells, and male sperm and female eggs are reproductive cells for breeding offspring. Chromosome is a rod-shaped body contained in the nucleus, which is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein spiral arrangement. The number of chromosomes in human cells has been determined to be 46, or 23 pairs. Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs of both sexes are the same, which are called autosomes; But there is a pair that is different between men and women, called sex chromosome, called sex chromosome X and sex chromosome Y respectively. The determination of male and female sex depends on sex chromosomes in germ cells. Sex chromosomes in male cells are X and Y, abbreviated as XY type, and sex chromosomes in female cells are X and X, which is called XX type.
The second aspect refers to the different gonads. The male gonad is the testis and the female gonad is the ovary, which determines the differences in other reproductive organs and sexual characteristics between men and women.
The third aspect is the difference in sex hormones. There are many androgens in men and many estrogens and progestins in women. Whether these hormones can play a role or not plays an important role in the development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics.
The fourth aspect is the difference between reproductive tract and external genitalia. Boys have scrotum and penis, girls have uterus and so on. When they are mature, they can have children. Specifically, men have vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, scrotum and so on. And women have fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, Xiaoming lips, labia majora and so on.
The fifth aspect is the difference of secondary sexual characteristics, which is also called the difference of subsidiary sexual characteristics. For example, a boy is tall, has a beard, has a prominent Adam's apple and has a low voice. Women have soft curves, bulging breasts, rich fat and delicate skin.
Usually people express and distinguish from the above five biological aspects. When the human body has abnormal sexual physiological or psychological development due to some abnormalities, it is sexual abnormality, such as reproductive organ variation, hermaphroditism, or it is difficult for men or women to play their due physiological functions in adulthood.
In addition, sex is a way of fertility, which enables human beings to continue. The combination of the two sexes makes men and women who didn't know each other get married thousands of miles away, forming countless social cells-families. At this time, sex is not only an intimate adhesive, but also an easy separation agent for couples to turn against each other. .
Sex is also an important part of social culture. Involving morality, law, art and other related content. The society advocates paying attention to sexual morality, does not advocate premarital sex and extramarital love, resolutely punishes sexual crimes such as rape and hooliganism, and bans pornographic literary and artistic works, film and television videos and CDs, so that the society can proceed in a healthy, orderly and stable state.
The Significance and Content of Youth Education
1. The significance of sex education
Sex is a science, and strengthening scientific knowledge education for teenagers is as important as other scientific knowledge education in a sense.
(1) is good for physical and mental health. After teenagers enter adolescence, with the maturity of sexual development, there will be a series of physiological and psychological phenomena, such as nocturnal emission in boys, menarche in girls, and sudden sexual impulse with the awakening and development of sexual consciousness. If sex education can be carried out in time, boys and girls can correctly treat and deal with these sexual physiological and psychological problems, which is of great significance to promote their normal physical and mental development and prevent physical and psychological diseases.
(2) Conducive to the cultivation of sexual morality. Timely sex education in adolescence is conducive to guiding teenagers to abide by the social morality of sex and sexual behavior. Being a person with noble sexual morality can effectively prevent puppy love, premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, sexual perversion and sexual crimes.
(3) Conducive to the prevention of diseases. Diseases and sexual dysfunction of male and female reproductive organs are mostly caused by inattention to sexual physiology and mental health. Strengthening sex education for teenagers can nip in the bud and greatly reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual dysfunction after marriage.
(4) It is beneficial to family happiness and social stability. Sexual life is an important part of husband and wife's life, and its harmony is closely related to individuals, marriage, family and society. Many times, some married young people's mental troubles, marital discord, extramarital affairs and even family disintegration, as well as many social problems caused by them, are related to the lack of necessary sex education for young people from childhood.
(5) It is conducive to the prevention of juvenile sexual crimes. Strengthening the guidance and education of sex science knowledge can resist the temptation and corrosion of pornographic books, audio-visual products and the ideological trend of "sexual liberation" and "sexual freedom" in western society, and effectively prevent the occurrence of juvenile sex crimes.
The content of adolescent sex education
Adolescent education generally includes three aspects: sexual physiology, sexual psychology and sexual morality. The arrangement and selection of educational content is based on sexual physiological knowledge, characterized by sexual psychological guidance and focused on sexual moral education. Through sex education, teenagers can correctly understand the development and changes of physical and mental development in adolescence, pay attention to protecting their own bodies, form hygienic habits, and cultivate them to have good psychological quality and moral cultivation, know self-esteem, self-love, self-respect, self-improvement, have self-control ability, treat the friendship between men and women correctly and cherish youth. Sexual physiology mainly explains the structure and function of reproductive system, sexual development, menstruation, nocturnal emission and other physiological phenomena. Improve teenagers' scientific understanding of sex through explanation and eliminate mystery. Sexual health knowledge includes reproductive health, menstrual health and STD prevention and treatment knowledge. In addition, we should also explain sex sports health care. For example, female teenagers should not feel embarrassed because of the increase in breast development, and then adopt the practice of girding their bellies. Don't be afraid of long-term dieting and girding their waists. And pay attention to take enough nutrition to ensure the healthy growth of the body.
Sexual psychological knowledge mainly includes the psychological preparation of menstruation and nocturnal emission, the psychological harm of frequent masturbation and the correct attitude to get along with the opposite sex. When people reach puberty, due to endocrine changes, they are often easily excited, irritable and angry, especially during menstruation. Therefore, teenagers should be psychologically prepared and control their emotions with reason. Sexual moral education mainly includes * * * knowledge of production ethics, legal concepts of sex, prevention of sexual crimes and so on, so that teenagers can understand and consciously abide by social moral norms and legal norms related to sex. Let them realize that sexual morality is a serious social problem.
When does adolescent education begin?
Adolescence refers to the period when the organs of men and women grow rapidly and all parts of the body develop rapidly. Boys 14 years old, girls 12 years old.
Adolescent education refers to the education that teenagers receive during this period, including sexual knowledge, sexual mental health and outlook on life. In our country, children usually
I officially received adolescent education from junior high school, and I was "still holding my face." It was not until recent years that this issue was taken seriously.
However, with the continuous improvement of material life and the influence of various media on children, the problem of precocity of children is becoming more and more serious. It is obviously inappropriate to use the past age standard to measure the time for children to receive sex education. Some time ago, TV stations and newspapers were discussing the best time for children to receive adolescent education, and there were different opinions. Wu Jieping, a famous medical scientist, said: "There are two particularly important periods of education in the process of continuous education in a person's life. One is the early education of intellectual development at the age of 0-4, and the other is the adolescent education at the age of 10- 15. " According to the current social situation, the age of the latter should be advanced, that is, grade 5-6 of primary school is the best period for adolescent education.
In fact, the maturity of children in primary schools is amazing now. Puppy love is nothing new on campus, and some naughty children are also bold when addressing their opposite sex classmates. Although they may just have a vague goodwill and curiosity, if they are not guided in time, the consequences will be terrible. Because at the age of 10- 12, most children develop rapidly, and girls develop earlier than boys. There are also differences in the development speed of same-sex children, which leads to children's curiosity, and the hazy understanding of the adult world intensifies children's desire to know themselves. At this time, if they don't get timely help, they will easily go into misunderstanding and appear sexual confusion, ignorance, inferiority, loneliness and anxiety, which is very unfavorable to the healthy development of children's body and mind.
Therefore, adolescent education should start from grade 5-6 of primary school to help children prepare for some problems that may arise when puberty comes. However, at present, primary schools have not paid enough attention to adolescent education, and the corresponding teaching materials and teaching time are very few. People always think that children are too young to accept this knowledge, so they don't want to mention it too much. In fact, it is the common responsibility of education departments and parents to let children treat their growth and development correctly, accept their physiological changes calmly and happily, and know how to do a good job in adolescent health care. We should tell our children more relevant knowledge as soon as possible, guide them through the sensitive stage of life safely and healthily, and enable them to have a happy life.