1. Toxic colon dilatation

Occurs in the acute active phase, with an incidence rate of about 2. It is due to the inflammation affecting the colon muscle layer and myenteric plexus, resulting in low tension of the intestinal wall, leading to staged paralysis, and a large accumulation of intestinal contents and gas, thus causing acute colon dilation and thinning of the intestinal wall. The disease is more common in the sigmoid colon or transverse colon. Inducing factors include hypokalemia, barium enema, use of anticholinergic drugs or opioids, etc. The clinical manifestations include rapid deterioration of the condition, obvious symptoms of poisoning, accompanied by abdominal distension, tenderness, rebound tenderness, weakened or disappeared bowel sounds, and increased white blood cell count. Plain abdominal X-ray shows widening of the intestinal cavity and disappearance of the colon bag. It is easy to be complicated by intestinal perforation. The fatality rate is high.

2. Intestinal perforation

The incidence rate is about 1.8. It often occurs on the basis of toxic colon distension, causing diffuse peritonitis and the occurrence of free gas under the diaphragm.

3. Major hemorrhage

Refers to those who have a large amount of blood and require blood transfusion. The incidence rate is 1.1 to 4.0. In addition to bleeding due to ulcer involvement of blood vessels, hypoprothrombinemia is also an important cause.

4. Polyps

The polyp complication rate of this disease is 9.7 to 39. This polyp is often called a pseudopolyp. It can be divided into mucosa type, inflammatory polyp type and adenomatous polyp type. The most common site for polyps is the rectum, and some people think that the descending colon and sigmoid colon have the most polyps, decreasing in order upwards. Its outcome can disappear with the recovery of inflammation, destroy with the formation of ulcers, persist for a long time, or become cancerous. Carcinogenesis mainly comes from adenomatous polyps.

After everyone understands the complications of ulcerative colitis, patients must pay attention to ulcerative colitis. They should seek treatment as soon as possible when facing ulcerative colitis, and they should also take good care of ulcerative colitis before and after treatment. Colitis preventive care work must not let ulcerative colitis disease harm the patient's body and cause ulcerative colitis to be incurable.