Planting time: cold bed seedling is used in the Yangtze River basin, and 65438+ is usually sown from late October to early February in/kloc-0. Preparation of nutrient soil: 6 parts of vegetable garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed, piled for more than 1 month, and then sieved. Seed treatment: soak the seeds in clean water for about 20-30 minutes to remove inferior seeds, then soak them in hot water at 55℃ for 5- 10 minutes, naturally cool, continue soaking for 2-4 hours, take them out and dry them, and accelerate germination and sowing.

First, early spring pumpkin planting management technology

1, planting time

Cold bed seedling raising is generally adopted in the Yangtze River basin, and the sowing time of zucchini is generally 65438+1from late October to early February. When the plastic shed with small arch shed is used as the seedling raising facility, the seedlings can be raised in an electric hotbed or a hotbed for brewing hot materials from February to 1 early month of 65438+ in advance.

2, preparing nutrient soil

(1) First, 6 parts of fertile and loose vegetable garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed, stacked for more than 1 month, then sieved, and 5- 10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil.

(2) The nutrient soil should be disinfected with formaldehyde or carbendazim, and it can be put into a plastic nutrient bowl or paper bag after being fully stirred.

3, processing seeds

Before sowing, select seeds with clear water and soak them for about 20-30 minutes to remove inferior seeds floating on the water. Then soak the good seeds in hot water at 55℃ for 5- 10 minutes. After natural cooling, soak the seeds for 2-4 hours, then take them out and dry them to accelerate germination and sowing.

4, accelerating germination and sowing

(1) Wrap the treated seeds with a wet towel and put them in an environment of 25-30℃ to accelerate germination.

(2) When accelerating germination, it is necessary to wash the seeds with warm water 1 time every day, and continue to accelerate germination after water control. Generally, it takes 2-3 days to sow when the bud grows to 0.2-0.4cm.

(3) Planted the seeds for accelerating germination in a nutrient bowl with small holes, with 65,438+0 seeds in each pot. Don't insert seeds. After sowing, cover with 1-2cm fine soil, cover with plastic film, build a small arch shed, close the shed, and keep warm and moist. Note: Before sowing, check the humidity of the nutrition bowl. If it is dry, water it properly.

5, seedling management

(1) Before emergence, the temperature in the shed was kept at 25-30℃ during the day and at 18-20℃ at night. Generally, after the seedlings are unearthed for 3-4 days, the plastic film can be removed, and the temperature of the seedbed can be controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and at 10-65438 at night.

(2) Generally, the temperature can be raised to 22-28℃ during the day, and it can be lowered to 8- 13℃ at night, and the temperature is above 15℃ from the first true leaf to 10 before planting. Before sowing 10 day, the seedlings were tempered by ventilation, and the temperature was kept at 15-22℃ during the day and 8- 15℃ at night.

(3) Generally, water is not watered before emergence. When the seedbed is too dry after emergence, water can be sprayed properly on sunny days. When the first true leaf is unfolded, 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be topdressing outside the root 1 time. Attention: Pay attention to ventilation after spraying water to reduce air humidity.

(4) Under normal circumstances, in order to promote more female flowers at flowering stage, when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings can be sprayed with 6000-7000 times solution of ethephon, and the seedlings can be tempered 1 week before planting.

(5) When the seedling age is about 30 days, 4-5 true leaves, the height of the seedling is 25cm and the stem diameter is 0.5cm, it can be transplanted.

6. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application

(1) Build a shed on a loose and fertile plot different from the previous crop, and apply sufficient base fertilizer, generally 3000-3500kg/ mu of decomposed organic fertilizer. After deep ploughing, apply bio-organic fertilizer 150-200 kg or cake fertilizer 100 kg in furrow.

(2) Close the shed about 15 days before planting, and seal it after closing the shed to increase the soil temperature. 3-5 days before planting, prepare the border soil. The frame width of double row planting is 1.5m (even ditch), and that of single row planting is 1m (even ditch).

Step 7 plant

(1) Generally, when the temperature in the shed is stable above 12℃, the ground temperature at the depth of 10cm is 12- 15℃ and it is stable around 1 week, so it can be planted in sunny morning with cold tail and warm head.

(2) If the soil in the greenhouse is dry, you can open a hole and water it before planting. After underwater infiltration, gently move the seedlings into the hole, and then fill the soil so that the surface of the nutrition bowl is flush with the surface of the border.

(3) If the soil is wet and dry, it can be planted directly, generally in two rows, with a plant spacing of 0.6-0.8m and a single row with a plant spacing of 0.5-0.6m.

(4) After transplanting, cover the plastic film in time, cut a small hole at the seedling planting place with a blade, gently take out the seedlings, and seal the film hole with soil.

8. Tian Tuan management

(1) temperature

(1) Immediately after planting, seal the shed for heat preservation, keep the temperature at 28-30℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night to prevent the low temperature from falling below 0℃, and cover it with a straw curtain when it is low.

(2) The grower who uses the greenhouse small arch shed should uncover the shed film of the small arch shed during the day and cover it tightly at night. After slow sowing, the temperature can be reduced appropriately, and it will be maintained at 22-25℃ during the day, 12- 18℃ at night, 25-28℃ during the day and 15℃ at night after planting. When the temperature rises above 30℃, ventilation is needed.

(3) At noon on a sunny day, the skirt of the greenhouse should be exposed for air, and the vents should be from small to large. After the end of April, the small arch shed in the greenhouse can be dismantled, and even the skirt of the greenhouse can be dismantled.

(2) Fertilizer and water

(1) Cover the planted zucchini with plastic film, and it is generally unnecessary to water the seedlings slowly. If there is no plastic film, slowly water the seedlings 1 time within 2-3 days after planting. Water should be soaked in nutrient soil, not too much, and then watered according to the growth of plants and the dry humidity of soil.

(2) Usually, the first topdressing can be carried out in the fruit-setting expansion period of the first batch of melons, with compound fertilizer 15-20k g/ mu, and the second topdressing can be carried out in the fruit-setting period of the second to third batches of melons after the first batch of melons are harvested, with compound fertilizer10kg or urea 6-7kg/ mu, and then topdressing can be carried out according to the plant growth.

(3) flower protection and fruit protection

Generally, artificial pollination is needed when zucchini is cultivated in greenhouse in early spring. Every morning at 8-9 am, pick the newly opened male flowers, remove the petals, and then gently coat the stamen pollen on the stigma of the female flowers.

(4) Other management

① Remove diseased leaves, old leaves, lateral branches and tendrils in time.

(2) If it is not covered with plastic film, loosen the soil in time after the seedling is delayed, continue to plow twice after watering, then squat down the seedlings and properly control the water.

Second, the row spacing and plant spacing of zucchini

1, row spacing and plant spacing

Usually, the row spacing and plant spacing of zucchini should be determined according to the plant shape and cultivation method. Generally, there are about 27,000 small varieties and 24,000 large varieties per hectare, which are divided into 80cm large row spacing, 55-60cm small row spacing and 46cm plant spacing.

2. Introduction of zucchini

(1) Zucchini originated in southern North America and is now distributed all over the world. The main varieties are mosaic zucchini, seedless zucchini, seedless zucchini and long vine zucchini.

(2) Cucurbita pepo has low requirements on soil, and can be cultivated in sandy soil, loam soil and clay. Generally, loam with deep soil layer is easy to obtain high yield.