Bulb garden of Fritillaria is flat and consists of 2 ~ 3 scales. The stem is erect and about 40 cm high. The middle impeller is born, and the upper leaves are often paired or all alternate, strip-shaped. It is15cm long and 0.2-0.6cm wide, and its top is curled into tendrils. The whole plant has1~ 3 flowers, which are solitary in the veins, with thin pedicels and drooping; 4 ~ 6 leaflike bracts; The flowers are narrow bell-shaped, with deep purple outside and yellow checkered markings on the inner side. There are 6 perianth segments, which are oblong and obovate, 2 ~ 3 cm long and 0.5 ~1cm wide. The outer perianth is slightly longer than the inner perianth. Style papillae; Stamens 6, longer and shorter. Fruit broadly obovate, with 6 edges.
Fritillaria is mostly distributed in three northeastern provinces, and is born in humid places under the forest. Now a large number of artificial cultivation. Digging, removing impurities and drying in the early summer.
Fritillaria Sinkiang is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine with the same name as Fritillaria Chuanbei and Fritillaria Zhebei. Among them: Fritillaria Ili, Fritillaria Ferganensis, Fritillaria beach and other varieties, collectively known as Fritillaria Xinjiang. Except for beach shellfish, the other three species of Fritillaria are mostly born in grassland, mountains and bushes. Iberia is mainly produced in Yining and Huocheng. Fritillaria ferganensis is distributed in many places in Xinjiang. Fritillaria verticillata is mainly produced in Tacheng area; Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is produced in Huocheng and Chabuchar.
As early as the Qing Dynasty, Fritillaria Xinjiang had been developed and utilized. At that time, Changji and Qitai counties in northern Xinjiang were the distribution markets, and they were transported by camel and horse through the northern line of the ancient Silk Road and exported to Tianjin and other ports, commonly known as "Gubei". Because the quantity is very small, it is expensive.
In the past, Fritillaria in Xinjiang was mostly wild. In order to meet the needs of domestic medical care and export, medical research departments began artificial cultivation experiments in the late 1950 s and achieved success. In the future, Fritillaria will continue to increase production steadily.
Common expectorant and antitussive drugs. It is the dried bulb of Liliaceae plants Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria thunbergii. Fritillaria cirrhosa is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and other places in China. Fritillaria thunbergii is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places in China. Fritillaria cirrhosa is bitter, sweet and slightly cold; Fritillaria thunbergii tastes bitter and cold. Return to lung and heart meridian. It has the effects of resolving phlegm, relieving cough, clearing away heat and resolving hard mass. Indications: cough due to heat phlegm, cough due to exogenous pathogenic factors, cough due to yin deficiency, scanty phlegm, dry throat, yellow and thick expectoration, lung abscess, breast abscess, carbuncle, carbuncle, carbuncle, etc. Modern pharmacological experiments have proved that Fritillaria has the functions of relieving cough, lowering blood pressure and raising blood sugar.