Growth habits of broad beans Broad beans grow in most parts of China and belong to leguminous plants. The origin of broad beans is in the Iranian plateau, which has moderate cold tolerance, can tolerate the low temperature of MINUS 4 degrees and is not heat-resistant. The optimum growth temperature is about 20 to 25 degrees. Broad beans have low requirements on soil, and can grow in poor soil. They are more tolerant to saline-alkali and drought, but not to waterlogging. Soil water accumulation will affect the normal growth of broad beans. Broad beans require high light and sufficient light, which is beneficial for broad beans to blossom and pod. When planting, we should choose the sunny position for sowing.
How to grow broad beans? 1, planting time: the planting time of broad beans needs to be determined according to the climate of the planting environment. The temperature of germination and seedling growth of broad beans should be around 16 to 25 degrees. Generally, sowing is carried out in spring and autumn, and sowing time in spring is from late March to early April every year, and harvesting is carried out in summer. The autumn sowing time is from the first ten days of1October to the first ten days of 1 1 month every year, and the harvest time is in the spring of the following year.
2. Variety selection: At present, there are still many varieties of broad beans. When selecting varieties, growers should decide according to the planting needs and characteristics of broad beans. First of all, we should choose broad beans suitable for local planting environment, and secondly, we should choose varieties with good quality and strong stability. In addition, attention should be paid to selecting broad bean varieties with good resistance, good plant type, stable yield and large seeds for planting.
3. Soil preparation and fertilization: The root system of Vicia faba is widely distributed, and the root will have jihad rhizobia, which can produce good nitrogen fixation. Before sowing, it is necessary to do deep ploughing and apply sufficient base fertilizer, which is more conducive to the growth of broad beans in the later period. Broad beans are not tolerant to continuous cropping, so when choosing planting plots, it is best to choose plots without the harm of continuous cropping. The ploughing depth is 20 to 25 cm. Apply 3500 to 4000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. Use 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer.
4. Reasonable sowing: It is best to dry and disinfect broad beans before sowing, which can better reduce the germs carried on broad beans and avoid diseases in the later stage. Sowing the seeds for 2-3 days, and dressing the seeds with 15% triadimefon wettable powder. The ratio of seed dressing is generally 1000 kg of broad beans 1 kg of medicament. After seed dressing, the seeds are closed for 24 hours, and then the seeds are sown. The sowing amount per mu is about 6 kg, keep the field soil moist, and cover it with plastic film if the temperature is low.
5. Planting management: The field management of broad beans mainly includes intertillage weeding, fertilization, watering and pest control. First of all, water and fertilizer management, broad beans have strong drought tolerance, are not resistant to waterlogging, and like to grow in a moist soil environment. After broad beans emerge, they should be watered once in time to ensure adequate water supply at seedling stage. The flowering and pod-setting period is the peak water demand of broad beans, so it is necessary to replenish water in time, and at the same time, in the case of heavy rain in summer, it is necessary to drain the fields in time to avoid water accumulation.
Fertilization should be reasonable, rhizobia will grow in the root of broad bean, which has a good nitrogen fixation effect. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing is not necessary. In the flowering and pod-setting period of broad beans, a large amount of fertilizer is needed, so fertilizer can be supplemented appropriately according to seedling conditions, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer can be sprayed, and compound fertilizer can also be applied outside the roots, with special attention to supplementing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Secondly, the problem of intertillage weeding. Generally, intertillage weeding is needed for two or three times in the growth stage of broad beans, which are carried out when the broad beans grow to 15 cm and 20 cm respectively.
Pest control should pay attention to timely prevention and timely control. Broad bean will suffer from rust, powdery mildew, root rot, aphid, leaf miner and other pests and diseases, so growers need to carry out targeted control according to the specific diseases of broad bean. First of all, it is necessary to do preventive work in such aspects as rational crop rotation, selection of improved varieties, disinfection, dressing and sowing of seeds, and cultivation of strong seedlings. After the occurrence of pests and diseases, timely treatment and control. Aphids and leaf miners can be sprayed with imidacloprid and thiophanate. In case of rust and powdery mildew, chlorothalonil and triadimefon EC can be sprayed.