Generally speaking, family flowers should be cultivated at the right time, in the right place, in the right humidity, in the right temperature and in the right light. That is to say, different conservation and management methods should be formulated according to the habits of each flower, whether it is watering, lighting, fertilization, pruning, changing soil and pots. 1, Chinese medicine residue is the residue after decocting Chinese medicine with good flower fertilizer, which is a good flower fertilizer. Because most Chinese medicines are roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and skins of plants, limbs, organs and shells of animals, and some minerals, which are rich in organic and inorganic substances. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer needed for plant growth are all found in traditional Chinese medicine. Using Chinese medicine residue as fertilizer has many benefits for planting flowers and trees, which can improve the permeability of soil. If Chinese medicine residue is to be used as flower fertilizer, it must be put into containers such as tanks and bowls, mixed with garden soil, soaked in water for a period of time, and then used after the residue decays into humus. Generally, the residue is put into the basin as the base fertilizer, or it can be directly mixed into the cultivation soil. Of course, it is not advisable to put too much residual fertilizer. Generally, the mixing ratio should not exceed one tenth, which will affect the growth of flowers and trees. 2. The magical effect of vinegar is 1. The flowers in the south are cultivated in the north, and proper amount of vinegar is mixed when pouring the pot soil, which can promote the absorption of trace elements such as phosphorus and iron and prevent the branches and leaves from yellowing. 2. Spraying leaves and buds with 40% vinegar can increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, increase flowers, make leaves greener and flowers more colorful. 3. Potted flowers with organic fertilizer will have a bad smell indoors. If proper vinegar is poured, it can not only eliminate the odor, but also sterilize the soil. 4, cotton balls dipped in vinegar to wipe the flowers and leaves, can make scale insects, red spiders, aphids and so on. And then sweep it down to eliminate it. 5. Spray alkaline drugs (stone sulfur mixture, Tujunte, thiram, etc.). Spraying proper amount of vinegar on branches and leaves can reduce phytotoxicity. 6. When preparing or applying alkaline drugs, wash hands and utensils with vinegar water, which can remove residual drugs and play a disinfection role. Please make your own sour soil, you can do it at home. Collect pine needle leaves, willow leaves and poplar leaves in autumn, put them in large flowerpots or black plastic bags, add a little ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate to one layer of leaves and one layer of peat soil or garden soil, soak them in water, cover them and compact them. After a fermentation in autumn and winter, acidic soil was made. Willow leaf fertilizer is most suitable for Milan, Gardenia, Osmanthus fragrans, Four Seasons Spring, Four Seasons Begonia, Guayeju and Cyclamen. Usually, the mixed solution of ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate and water is also helpful for maintenance. According to the ratio of spring 12: 6: 100 and summer: 6: 4: 100, then put it into a soft plastic bottle, bury the bottle in the soil, and screw the bottle cap tightly until it leaks slightly, so that the fertilizer solution can slowly penetrate into the soil. 4. As a fertilizer for flower cultivation, bean curd residue is a kind of high-quality fertilizer, which is non-alkaline. Although it is the residue after pulping and juicing, it still contains a considerable amount of protein, vitamins and carbohydrates. After artificial treatment, it is most suitable for the growth of flower seedlings. The method of self-made bean dregs fertilizer is to put bean dregs into a jar and add 10 times of clear water for fermentation (about 10 days in summer and about 20 days in spring and autumn). Then add 10 times of clear water and mix well to water all kinds of potted flowers. The effect is really good. In particular, watering cactus flowers such as epiphyllum, lotus, crab claw orchid, overlord whip, cactus and cactus has better effect. 5, self-made flower fertilizer deteriorated glucose powder is a good flower fertilizer. A small amount of mashed deteriorated glucose powder is mixed with clean water according to the ratio of 1: 100, and used for watering flowers and trees, which can promote the yellow leaves of flowers and trees to turn green and flourish. Suitable for chlorophytum, Rosa davurica, Evergreen, Phyllostachys pubescens, etc. Taomi water and rotten tomatoes are fermented to make flower fertilizer. Taomi water and rotten tomatoes are put in a container and fermented to water flowers and trees, which will make them flourish. Water the flowers with baking soda solution. Family flowers, when the flowers are in bud, watering them with baking soda solution of one ten thousand concentration will promote the flowers to flourish. Promoting the growth of moss in bonsai rocks with precipitated rice washing water. Put the rock bonsai in a damp place, and water the places where moss needs to grow with precipitated rice washing water every day. Under normal circumstances, 15-20 days can produce moss. 6. Beer is also a good flower fertilizer, so it has a good effect because it contains a lot of carbon dioxide, which is an indispensable substance for the metabolism of various plants and flowers. Beer contains nutrients such as sugar, protein, amino acids and phosphate, which is beneficial to the growth of flowers. 1, water the flowers. Watering flowers with a proper amount of beer can make them grow vigorously, the leaves are green and the flowers are bright, which can not only make them get enough nutrients, but also absorb them very quickly. The specific method is to mix water and beer evenly according to the ratio of 1: 50 and use it. 2. Spray the leaves. After water and beer are mixed evenly according to the ratio of 1: 10, foliar spraying can also get the effect of fertilization outside the roots. 3. Wipe the leaves with beer. Leaf-watching flowers and trees can be dipped in beer with absorbent cotton or clean soft cloth, and gently wipe the leaves. Because leaves can directly absorb nutrients, the leaves of flowers are greener and more shiny, and the texture of leaves is fuller. 4, used for flower arrangement. Pouring110 beer into the vase can make the flower arrangement more beautiful and prolong the viewing time for several days. 7. How to make sesame sauce residue and cake fertilizer Usually we call peanuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds and bean dregs after oil pressing as oil cake and sesame sauce residue respectively. They are nutritious feeds and good raw materials for retting high-efficiency organic fertilizers. The general process of retting liquid fertilizer is as follows: the sesame paste residue or bean cake is crushed, put into a tank, mixed with 10 times water, and covered tightly. It can be fermented for more than half a month in summer to make fermented pulp. When in use, it is diluted by 20-50 times with water according to the dosage, and carefully stirred to make the first-class organic liquid fertilizer with strong brown color. The preparation and application of sesame sauce residue bean cake liquid fertilizer must be as follows: first, the applied liquid fertilizer must be fully decomposed; Second, sesame sauce residue or cake, after soaking and fermentation, must be diluted with water according to a certain proportion, and then poured on flowers and trees after reducing the concentration. And it should be applied in small quantities and many times. Third, because sesame sauce residue or cake fertilizer is a quick-acting fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency, it is necessary to avoid pouring liquid fertilizer on branches, leaves and flowers of flowers and trees. If it is not small, wash it off with clear water in time. In addition to retting liquid fertilizer, sesame sauce residue, bean cake and garden soil can be mixed according to the ratio of 1: 5, piled and decomposed to make granular fertilizer, which can be used as base fertilizer. Apply it to soil or change pots of flowers and trees as base fertilizer. Pay special attention not to overdo it when smearing. For flowers and trees that like fertilizer, it is enough to apply it in a pot of 20cm 15-20g once. 8. It is not appropriate to cover the pot soil with residual tea eggshells and watermelon skins. It is common that when some families plant flowers and trees, they directly buckle the remaining tea leaves, eggshells and even watermelon skins on the pot soil, hoping to increase the fertility of the pot soil. In fact, this method is not scientific. Residual tea is easy to be moldy and smelly, polluting indoor air and unsightly. Excessive humidity will attract anaerobic microorganisms, bacteria and tide insects to gather and reproduce. It is also unsightly for eggshells to be buckled on the basin soil, and at the same time, the residual egg whites flow into the surface of the basin soil, directly blocking capillaries and affecting soil ventilation and root respiration. Furthermore, the fermentation of egg yolk will produce hydrogen sulfide gas, which is smelly and pollutes the indoor air, and it will also attract flies, especially flies, and produce root maggots. As for watermelon peel, some people say that it can reduce water evaporation, which can be used as water source for potted flowers and fertilizer. In fact, in hot and humid weather, the melon skin will rot quickly, sour and smelly, and it will attract flies. So don't directly cover the flowerpot with tea residue, eggshell and watermelon peel. These things can be mixed with garden soil for composting before use. 9. Key points of foliar fertilization for flowers and trees 1. Spraying position: Pay attention to the landing position of the leaves when spraying the leaves. Because young leaves are in the development stage, their photosynthesis and absorption and conduction functions are weaker than those of mature leaves, so foliar fertilization should be mainly based on the leaves in the middle of branches of flowers and trees, and the leaves in the middle of branches have the most vigorous metabolism and strong adhesion and absorption ability to fertilizer solutions. 2. Spraying time: Choose different time in different seasons. Generally, it is better to spray at the temperature of 18-25℃, and the leaves absorb it quickly. In summer, it is best to choose the evening, because the water in the solution will not evaporate quickly at this time, and water molecules will bring nutrients into the leaves. Don't use flowers and trees in flowering period to prevent fertilizer damage. 3. Adding adhesive: 0.20% neutral washing powder can be added to the solution to increase the adhesion of the solution to the leaves and improve the absorption effect. 4. Reasonable mixed spraying: In order to save labor, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed together with pesticides and fungicides. However, attention should be paid to the acidity and alkalinity of drugs, and chemical reactions should not occur to destroy fertilizer efficiency and drug efficacy. 10, how to use ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate is generally suitable for flowers and trees that like acidic soil, especially potted camellia, azalea and gardenia. Because the acidity of the basin soil is weakened and the leaves turn yellow or even sharp, ferrous sulfate can be applied. Ferrous sulfate is an inorganic chemical fertilizer, which can promote the chlorophyll synthesis of flowers and trees. However, it should not be applied frequently, only four or five times a year. Frequent application will affect root growth. There are two application methods: one is root application. Dissolve ferrous sulfate in fat water or clear water and directly water flowers and trees. The solution concentration can be controlled at 1-2%. In addition, ferrous sulfate can also be directly placed on the topsoil of the flowerpot and gradually absorbed when watering. A 20cm flowerpot can be put in 1g for the first time. The second is external fertilization. Ferrous sulfate can be dissolved in water, applied to stems and leaves with a sprayer, and absorbed through the pores on the leaves, thus directly exerting fertilizer efficiency. When spraying, it is best to do it in the morning and evening on a windless rainy day. The dosage can be 0. 1%-0.3%, or it can be used together with urea, and the effect will be better. The same effect as ferrous sulfate is a chemical called ferric citrate. These two preparations are sold in chemical retail outlets, and the preparation and use methods are the same. Cutting method of annual grass flowers {flower cultivation} Source: China Flower News Publication date: August 2005 10. The annual grass flowers with slightly thicker cuttings are directly cut into pots. In the case of insufficient sowing, the pruned waste branches can be reused. Moreover, the seeds of good varieties of grass flowers are more expensive, which can reduce costs. Cutting and rapid propagation greatly shortens the production cycle, reduces the production process and saves manpower and material resources. The varieties of annual grass flowers that can be cut are a bunch of safflower, marigold, malachite, carnation, periwinkle, cherry blossom and so on. In the production practice, the author explored the technology of cutting and rapid propagation, which is briefly described as follows: 1. Pot soil should be loose, with good water permeability, which can keep moisture and nutrients and meet the requirements of pot flower cultivation soil; Fourth, the acid and alkali are moderate, and fifth, sterilization and disinfection. The author sifted the garbage soil stored for four or five years, mixed a certain amount of sand or river mud, and disinfected it with drugs as culture soil. Generally, organic fertilizer should not be mixed to avoid burning cuttings. Flower Expo II. The cut-off flower fair is in summer and autumn, with the temperature of 20℃ to 32℃, and the afternoon is suitable, preferably rainy. Flower Expo III. Selection of cutting standard The Flower Expo will select the robust and pest-free twigs as cuttings, each with a length of 8 ~ 10cm and more than 2 nodes, and leaves can be reserved at the top as appropriate. All the heart-shaped leaves at the top of marigold can be left, and a bunch of red flowers can be left without affecting the plant shape, but all the leaves on the branches inserted into the soil should be removed and the incision should be smooth. The 4th Flower Expo. Liquid medicine treatment: after mixing 2.5% ~ 5% rooting agent with 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, half of the cuttings are immersed in the liquid medicine for 5 ~ 10 second. When cutting the thicker branches of marigold, the survival rate can reach above 95% without rooting agent and carbendazim. Flower Expo V. Cutting requires that the cuttings of the Flower Expo be cut and soaked, and inserted in more than half of the soil, with the main branches and some side branches left on it, inserted in the center of the flowerpot, watered immediately after planting, and rinsed with water. Flower Expo six. Manage the flower fair after the break 1. Put it under a shady shed, maintain it for 7 ~ 10 days, and put it in the open air after rooting. Among them, the rooting rate of marigold cuttings can reach above 90% under full illumination. A bunch of red flowers can take root better in a cool environment, and it is easier to take root in a forest with a canopy density of 0.7 to 0.8. Other varieties are placed under a shady net. Flower Expo II. Spray because the weather is hot when cutting the basin, spray water at least twice or even three to five times a day to keep the leaves from wilting and the basin soil moist. After 7 ~ 10 days, the branches and leaves are still green, and the seedlings are gently lifted with two fingers, and there is no water stain at the bottom of the branches, indicating that the cuttings have taken root, so you can stop spraying and water as usual to avoid futile growth in the shade. Flower Expo 3. After a certain period of growth, the topdressing seedlings have grown tender leaves and can be sprayed with fertilizer. Spray 0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and also water the cake. Flower Expo 4. Insect control and weeding prevent the harm of red spiders, moths and snails, and remove weeds in time. When the seedlings grow up, increase the spacing between pots in time. Multicolored crystal mud is a high-tech environmental protection product for indoor soilless culture of flowers and plants. Crystal mud masterbatch is crystalline, which is a kind of polymer water-absorbing material. It is rich in plant nutrition, can absorb a lot of water and nutrients, can be absorbed and released repeatedly, and does not pursue any fertilizer, let alone water it every day. Multicolored crystal mud itself has bright colors and good visual effects. It can be put in a bottle as an ornament, and it also makes the plants planted in it more beautiful. In addition, the flowers cultivated with crystal mud are insect-free, non-toxic, tasteless, clean and environmentally friendly, which can free families from the traditional flower cultivation methods and add new interest to families. Crystal mud is suitable for planting plants with strong adaptability to shade and moisture, such as climbing evergreen, Fuguizhu, Fuguijin Bianzhu, Fuguiyin Bianzhu, Pocket Coconut, Brazilian Iron, Chlorophytum in Phnom Penh, Hubei Radish, Sun God, Heguoqu, Dai Fen Evergreen, Echinacea purpurea, Xinleyilin and Caicai. "Smooth sailing" is called white crane taro. The flowers and leaves of white crane taro are beautiful, light and colorful, and the ivory spikes are particularly elegant against the white bracts and green leaves. Sex likes warm and humid semi-cloudy environment, avoids sun exposure, is afraid of cold and does not choose soil, but sandy soil rich in humus is suitable. Potted plants can be mixed with humus and sandy loam with good drainage, and a small amount of bone meal can be added as base fertilizer. White crane taro is cloudy, so it can be cultivated indoors where there is bright scattered light all the year round, and it should receive more light in winter. In the growing season, the soil in the basin should always be moist, but there should be no water in the basin. At the same time, spray water 2-3 times a day to keep the air moist, which is beneficial to growth and development. In the vigorous growth period, apply pancake fertilizer or compound chemical fertilizer every half month. White crane taro is not cold-tolerant, so the indoor temperature should be kept above 12℃ in winter, otherwise the leaves will fall off easily. White crane taro is a Araceae plant with many aliases, such as white palm, multi-bud taro and so on. Its Buddha stuffing bag is slim and graceful, white as snow, curled like a spoon, folded like a palm, and looked up like a crane. There are white poles in the bud, so it is named White Crane Taro and White Palm. Guangzhou people also call it "smooth sailing" because its round sail looks like a Buddha's bud. This kind of plant has thick roots and stems, leathery leaves, bright dark green leaves, neat plant shape, good shade tolerance and strong adaptability to adverse environment. It is a good indoor foliage plant. Native to Colombia and other places in South America, I like warm and humid semi-cloudy environment. Strong shade tolerance, not too cold-resistant, but slightly drought-resistant, and not strict with soil requirements. As long as there is fertile garden soil with good drainage, it can grow well. The propagation of white crane taro can be carried out by sowing in separate plants. The division of plants should be carried out after autumn, usually in about 3 years when the basin is full. White crane taro blossoms and bears fruit easily. The flowering period is May-65438+1October. After sowing, the seeds should be picked and inserted. After sowing, they should be placed in a semi-shady place to keep moist. After a month, they can germinate. Any longer, it will be cut in time. Because they are not very cold-resistant, we should pay attention to cold and warmth after winter. The cultivation and maintenance of white crane taro are simple and the light intensity is suitable. Therefore, sunlight can grow well in the dark, which is suitable for indoor display. However, if you want it to bloom more, you should have more light in the growing period to give off bright light, but you should avoid direct sunlight in midsummer. Adequate water supply should be provided from May to September to make the soil moist frequently, and water should be sprayed to the leaves and the surrounding environment frequently. Fertilization 10- 15 days 1 time, especially at flowering stage and when new leaves germinate, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer. 165438+1moved indoors in early October. In winter, the room temperature should be kept at about 65438 02℃, and good illumination should be given, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow, which will affect the growth and appreciation of the next year. The cultivation of chlorophytum refers to that the southern substrate chlorophytum has strong adaptability to various soils and is easy to cultivate. Fertile sandy loam, humus soil, peat soil, or fine sandy soil with a small amount of base fertilizer can be used as potted soil. Propagation is usually carried out by ramets, which can be carried out in other seasons except that the temperature in winter is too low to be suitable for ramets. You can also cut seedlings with roots from flower stems and plant them in pots. Watering chlorophytum likes humid environment, and the pot soil is easy to keep wet often. The hanging fleshy roots can store a lot of water, so they have strong drought resistance and will not dry up if they are not watered for a few days. When the temperature is below 5 degrees in winter, water less and the soil in the basin should not be too wet, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow easily. Apply liquid fertilizer every two weeks during the fertilization growth season. Less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to mosaic varieties, otherwise the white or yellow markings on the leaves will become inconspicuous. Fertilization is stopped when the ambient temperature is below 4 degrees. Chlorophyte likes semi-shady environment and can be cultivated in bright indoor all year round. Green algae planted outdoors can grow well under strong direct sunlight in summer. However, long-term indoor cultivation of chlorophytum should avoid direct sunlight and block 50 ~ 70% sunlight. Temperature chlorophytum is resistant to high temperature. The suitable temperature is above 15 degrees, and the wintering temperature is above 4 degrees in winter. Humidity likes humid environment. In order to make chlorophytum fresh and green, you can often spray water on the leaves for cleaning. Trim the yellow leaves at any time. Turn over the pots once a year in March to cut off old roots, rotten roots and redundant fibrous roots. Cutting off some old leaves of chlorophytum in early and middle May will promote the germination of more new leaves and small chlorophytum. Hydroponic chlorophytum can be hydroponic. Potted chlorophytum can be poured out of the basin, washed with clear water, cut off the old leaves and roots, put into hydroponic vessels, and soaked thoroughly with clear water. Not too much water, just to the roots. In order to grow vigorously, drop a few drops of nutrient solution (homemade) into the water. The utensils can be wide-mouthed glass bottles, glasses and other containers. The water in the container can be changed every few days, or just add some water. Cultivation and Management of Clivia Clivia likes cool and humid environment. I am afraid of the scorching sun in summer and the cold in winter. The temperature is 15 ~ 25℃, which is the suitable period for its growth. Below 10℃, the growth is slow; Dormancy below 5℃; Leaves below 0℃ will be frozen, and even freeze to death in severe cases. Clivia is also afraid of hot sun and high temperature. When the temperature is above 30℃, the leaves will turn yellow and zoom, or the whole plant will die. Clivia likes to grow in loose and well-drained acid soil. Key points of four seasons maintenance of Clivia: avoid wind blowing in spring; Avoid sun exposure in summer; Avoid rain and water spray in autumn; Avoid low temperature drying in winter. First, prepare a pot of soil. Clivia is a fleshy root, which requires loose, fertile and well-drained soil, and grows best in slightly acidic soil (PH 6.2-6.7). Rotten chicken manure and pond mud can be mixed at a ratio of 4: 6, and pine needles, decomposed organic fertilizer and river sand are best mixed at a ratio of 5: 3: 2. Second, light. Clivia likes semi-shade, especially in summer, when the sun shines directly, it is easy to get sunburned. Therefore, it is best to shade the sun in summer, with half yin and half yang, and the leaves are dark green; But there should be enough sunshine and good illumination in winter, which is an important condition for big flowers and bright colors. Third, humidity. Clivia likes to grow in a humid environment, the relative humidity of the air should be no less than 60%, and the leaves are shiny; The environment is dry, the leaves are dull, even wilting, the leaves are yellow and the growth is not good. Therefore, in summer with high temperature and rapid evaporation, water should be sprayed on the ground and leaves around the basin 2-3 times a day to humidify and cool down and keep the leaves clean. But be careful not to let the water flow to the roots to prevent the basin soil from waterlogging. Fourth, water. Accurately mastering the wet and dry condition of Clivia basin soil is the key to watering. The method is not to dry, but to pour thoroughly. Spring and autumn grow vigorously, and the amount of water can be larger to keep the basin soil moist; The "dog days" have a large evaporation. If it is well ventilated, you can water it more. If the weather is sultry and the ventilation is not good, water less. "Three or nine days" basically stopped growing and was not suitable for watering. In order to keep the basin soil moist, you can spread a layer of moss on the basin surface. Fifth, fertilization. In line with the principle of "thin fertilizer and diligent application", it is forbidden to apply thick fertilizer or raw fertilizer to avoid leaf burning and root rot. Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed. The suitable growth temperature of Clivia is 15-25℃. If it can be controlled within this range, fertilization can be continued all year round. If it is natural temperature, it should be applied more in spring and autumn, and less or no application in Xia Dong. Fertilizers with more nitrogen, such as decomposed cake fertilizer, are applied to non-flowering plants (annual seedlings are not fertilized), and fertilizers with more potassium can be applied in late autumn, which can not only promote the robust growth of leaves, stems and roots, but also improve the cold resistance and disease resistance. For flowering plants, more decomposed cake fertilizer should be applied in spring, especially in autumn, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can also be used for root dressing in the morning and evening. Sixth, improve the soil. Change the soil once a year. When planting, it should not be too deep. As long as the soil is buried in the fleshy root neck, the surface can be covered with moss. Clivia should be sprayed with clear water frequently in the maintenance throughout the year, and it is best to dry it with a fine cloth after spraying, which can not only increase the smoothness of leaves, but also improve the ornamental value. What is the standard of ideal varieties of Clivia, ............? The flower proverb tells us that "round, short, wide, thick, hard, flowery, bright, jumping, tired and stiff". "Round" means that the head of a leaf should be round. It is egg-shaped and has no sharp corners. The whole plant should be round, so that the face is like a fan and the leaves are not seven long and eight short. "Short" refers to the length of the blade, which should be around 200mm. The neck of the blade is short and closes quickly. A leaf looks like a ping-pong bat. "Width" means that the width of the blade itself should be greater than 100 mm. The pulse span of the two longitudinal pulses should be wide, about 5 mm or more. "Thickness" refers to the thickness of the blade, which should be more than 2mm. "Hard" means hardness and elasticity, and it feels hard without chaff. "Flower" refers to the color contrast between leaves and veins. "Bright" means shiny leaves. "Bounce" refers to the degree of swelling of the vein. It is required that the vertical and horizontal textures are obviously convex and thick, and the vertical and horizontal textures intersect at right angles to form a regular concave-convex shape. "Greasy" means that the blade has a delicate structure and a smooth feel. "Standing" means that the leaves are straight and upright, the negative film is flat and not drooping, and other leaves grow with their heads held high at equal intervals, so as to achieve the perfect plant shape of "looking at a line from the side and facing up like a fan".

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