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Questions about vitamins
Vitamins are a kind of substances necessary to maintain normal metabolism and basic functions of human body. There are 14 kinds of vitamins, which are divided into fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in water, and often coexist with lipids in food. When the lipid is poorly absorbed, the absorption is also reduced, even lacking. Commonly used fat-soluble vitamins are: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and so on. Water-soluble vitamins are easily soluble in water. Commonly used water-soluble vitamins are: vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, folic acid and so on. There are six important vitamins needed by human body: vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, vitamin C and vitamin D, while other vitamins are less needed. Although the daily demand for vitamins is very small, it will cause vitamin deficiency when there is a lack of vitamins in food or insufficient intake of vitamins, or when the body's ability to absorb vitamins is hindered, the body's demand for vitamins increases, and even when vitamins are lacking due to the interference of certain drugs. Vitamins are mainly used to supplement vitamins and special needs in clinic, and can also be used as auxiliary drugs for some diseases. However, vitamins should not be regarded as nutrients and used without restrictions. Excessive use of vitamins can cause adverse reactions or potential toxicity.

Minerals are inorganic compounds necessary to maintain human nutrition and body function, and some vitamins and minerals may have synergistic effects. Some minerals need considerable amounts, such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine and magnesium; Some trace minerals are called trace elements (which play an important role in human body but require less), such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, iodine and copper.

[Drug Name] Vitamin A (Retinol)

[Other names] Vitamin A and retinol

Indications: Promote growth and maintain normal functions of epithelial tissues (such as skin, conjunctiva and cornea). ), enhance the photosensitivity of retina, and participate in many oxidation processes in the body (especially the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids). When vitamin A is deficient, growth stops, bones grow poorly, reproductive function declines, skin is rough and dry, and dry eyes and night blindness appear. This product is easily absorbed by oral administration. Can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating night blindness and keratomalacia.

【 Precautions 】 ① Use with caution for lactating women (part of vitamin A is secreted in milk); ② Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.

[Drug Interaction] Aluminum hydroxide, mineral oil, sucralfate, neomycin and sphingosine can interfere with the absorption of this product.

Formula capsule

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. The preventive dose for adults is 5000 international units each time, every day 1 time; The preventive dose for children is 1500 ~ 2500 international units per day.

[Observation on medication] ① Fat and protein in food are closely related to the absorption of vitamin A by bile salts and vitamin E in the body, and the absorption is reduced if the above substances are lacking; ② Long-term high-dose administration can cause excessive vitamin A, even acute and chronic poisoning (the incidence rate of infants aged 6 months to 3 years is the highest). Acute poisoning is often manifested as abnormal excitement, dizziness, lethargy, diplopia, vomiting, diarrhea, peeling lips and palms, etc. Chronic poisoning is characterized by loss of appetite, itchy skin, dry hair, alopecia, chapped lips, irritability, bone pain, easy fracture and increased intracranial pressure. , generally stop taking the drug 1 ~ 2 weeks and it will disappear; ③ Adults taking 1 time exceeds 1 10,000 international units, or children taking 1 time exceeds 300,000 international units, all of which may cause acute poisoning symptoms; Whether adults or children consume 6,543,800+international units daily for more than 6 months, they can all cause chronic poisoning. Once poisoned, stop taking the medicine immediately; ④ The daily intake of pregnant women should not exceed 6000 international units.

[Drug Name] Vitamin AD (Vitamin AD)

[Other names] Cod liver oil

Indications: Vitamin D and Vitamin A exist in cod liver oil in nature. Used to supplement nutrition.

[dosage form] capsules (each capsule contains vitamin A3000 international units and vitamin D300 international units) and drops (each gram contains vitamin A5000 international units and vitamin D500 international units).

【 Usage and dosage 】 ① Drops: 2 drops each time, 1 ~ 3 times a day; ② Capsules: each time 1 capsule, 1 ~ 3 times a day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions ① Excessive use can cause chronic poisoning, with early manifestations of joint pain, swelling, itchy skin, chapped lips, fatigue, fever, headache, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. , and should seek medical attention immediately; ② Extensive application can cause acute poisoning and even death.

Note: The ratio of vitamin A to vitamin D in this preparation is 10: 1. Long-term and large-scale use can easily lead to chronic vitamin A poisoning. Therefore, vitamin D preparation should be used to treat rickets.

[Drug Name] Vitamin B 1 (Vitamin B 1)

[Other names] Thiamine hydrochloride

Indications: Vitamin B 1 is necessary to participate in glucose metabolism. Lack of energy affects the body's energy supply, mainly in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, polyneuritis (paresthesia, neuralgia, limb weakness, muscle soreness and atrophy, etc. ) happens. Cardiovascular symptoms include palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, cardiac hypertrophy, liver congestion and peripheral edema. The digestive tract is characterized by decreased appetite, leading to weakness and weight loss. The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating beriberi and neuritis.

[Drug Interaction] Vitamin B 1 is easily decomposed in alkaline solution and easily deteriorated when it is compatible with alkaline drugs (such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate).

Formulated tablets

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Adults each time 10 mg, three times a day; Children take 5 ~ 10 mg each time, three times a day.

【 Observation of medication 】 ① Increasing the oral dose does not increase the absorption, so it is not appropriate to blindly increase the dose; ② Vitamin B 1 can generally be ingested through normal diet, but it is rare to have a single vitamin B 1 deficiency. If there are no symptoms, it is more appropriate to use vitamin B complex.

[Drug Name] Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

[Other names] Riboflavin

Indications: Vitamin B2 deficiency causes metabolic disorder, and its pathological changes are mostly manifested as inflammation of oral cavity, eyes and external genitalia (such as angular stomatitis, cheilitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis and bursitis). The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating oral ulcer, cheilitis and glossitis.

[Drug Interaction] ① Drinking alcohol (ethanol) affects the absorption of riboflavin in intestine; ② The use of phenothiazine, tricyclic antidepressants, probenecid and other drugs needs to increase riboflavin; ③ This product should not be combined with metoclopramide.

Formulated tablets

[Usage and dosage] Oral: 0.6 ~ 10 mg each time, three times a day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions When taken in large quantities, urine will turn yellow.

Precautions ① The absorption effect of taking this product on an empty stomach is lower than that of taking it when eating, so it should be taken when eating or immediately after eating; ② It may interfere with the diagnosis: the fluorescence determination of catecholamine or bile in urine is false positive.

[Drug Name] Vitamin B6 (Vitamin B6).

[Other names] pyridoxine hydrochloride

Indications: Vitamin B6 participates in various metabolism in the body. The product can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating emesis, glossitis and dermatitis.

[Drug Interaction] ① Chloramphenicol, cycloserine, ethionine, hydrazine hydrochloride, immunosuppressants including adrenocortical hormone, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, isoniazid, penicillamine and other drugs can antagonize vitamin B6, or increase the excretion of vitamin B6 through the kidney, which may cause anemia or peripheral neuritis; ② The dosage of vitamin B6 should be increased when taking estrogen; ③ The combination of levodopa and low-dose vitamin B6 (5mg daily) can antagonize the anti-tremor effect of levodopa.

Sustained release tablets

[Usage and dosage] 0.6 ~ 20mg each time, 1 ~ 3 times a day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions It is reported that taking 200 mg of vitamin B6 every day for more than 30 days will lead to vitamin B6 dependence syndrome. Application of 2 ~ 6 grams a day for several months can cause severe nerve sensory abnormality, progressive gait instability, numbness of feet and inflexibility of hands, which can be relieved after drug withdrawal, but it is still weak.

Precautions ① Pregnant women receiving a large amount of vitamin B6 can cause neonatal vitamin B6 dependence syndrome. Normal intake by lactating women has no adverse effect on infants; ② It is not suitable to treat some unconfirmed diseases with high dose of vitamin B6; ③ Vitamin B6 affects the curative effect of levodopa on Parkinson's disease, but has no effect on carbidopa; ④ It may interfere with the diagnosis (false positive urine bile element test).

[Drug Name] Calcium pantothenate

[Other names] Calcium pantothenate

Indications Pantothenic acid is a vitamin B substance, which is a component of coenzyme A necessary for the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein. Usually its calcium salt is used to supplement nutrition with other B vitamins. This product is used to supplement calcium pantothenate.

【 Precautions 】 Hemophilia patients should use this product with caution (pantothenic acid can prolong bleeding time).

[dosage form] tablets. 5 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg.

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 3 ~ 20mg each time, three times a day.

【 Observation on medication 】 ① When suffering from malabsorption syndrome caused by tropical stomatitis, diarrhea, celiac disease or limited enteritis, the demand for pantothenic acid increases.

[Drug Name] Nicotinic acid

[Other names] Nicotinic acid

Indications: This product is used to supplement nutrition and treat glossitis and dermatitis.

【 Precautions 】 ① Arterial bleeding; ② Diabetes (the dosage of nicotinic acid has a great influence on glucose tolerance); ③ Glaucoma; ④ gout; ⑤ Hyperuricemia; 6 liver disease; ⑦ Ulcer (large dose can cause ulcer activity).

[Drug Interaction] ① Isoniazid can prevent nicotinic acid from combining with coenzyme I, resulting in nicotinic acid deficiency; ② When nicotinic acid is combined with adrenergic receptor blocker, such as guanethidine, its vasodilating effect is enhanced synergistically, which can produce orthostatic hypotension.

Formulated tablets

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 40 ~ 100 mg each time, three times a day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions ① The general adverse reactions of nicotinic acid are: feeling fever, redness of skin (especially face and neck) and headache; Excessive intake of nicotinic acid can lead to diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, dry skin, itching, dry eyes, nausea, vomiting, stomachache and so on. ③ Occasionally a large amount of nicotinic acid can cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, arrhythmia and hepatotoxic reaction; ④ Generally, after taking nicotinic acid for 2 weeks, vasodilation and gastrointestinal discomfort can be gradually relieved, and the above reactions can be avoided by gradually increasing the dose. If severe skin flushing, itching and gastrointestinal discomfort occur, the dosage should be reduced.

Precautions may interfere with the diagnosis: urine catecholamine concentration fluorescence determination is false positive, urine glucose Bancroft reagent determination is false positive (only when high dose nicotinic acid is used).

[Drug Name] Nicotinamide

[Other names] Vitamin PP

Indications: Nicotinamide deficiency can affect the normal respiration and metabolism of cells and cause pellagra. This product is easy to be absorbed in gastrointestinal tract and distributed in whole body tissues after absorption. Can be used for supplementing nutrition and treating glossitis and dermatitis.

[Note card] It is not suitable for women in the first trimester.

[Drug Interaction] Isoniazid and nicotinamide have antagonistic effects. When taking isoniazid for a long time, nicotinamide should be supplemented appropriately.

Formulated tablets

[Usage and dosage] Oral: 40 ~ 100 mg for adults, three times a day.

【 Observation on medication 】 Skin flushing and itching are common, and some patients may feel dizzy, nausea, loss of appetite and other discomfort during medication, which may disappear after stopping medication.

[Drug Name] Folic acid (Vitamin M)

[Other names] Vitamin M, vitamin Bc, and pteroyl glutamic acid

Indications: substances necessary for cell growth and division, involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids in vivo.

Together with vitamin B 12***, it promotes the growth and maturation of red blood cells. Clinically, it is used for various megaloblastic anemia, especially for megaloblastic anemia caused by malnutrition or increased folic acid requirement in infancy and pregnancy. ② Combined with other drugs to treat tumor.

[dosage form] tablets. 15mg.

[Usage and Dosage] For adults, the dosage is 5 ~ 10mg/ time, 3 times/day, until the hemogram returns to normal. Children 5mg/ time, 3 times/day.

[Observation on medication] Folic acid is basically non-toxic and has few allergic reactions. Some patients may have gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, nausea and abdominal distension after taking folic acid for a long time. When taking folic acid in large quantities, it will cause yellow urine.

[Drug Name] Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

[Other names] Vitamin C, Ascorbic acid, Liduoshan and Viticam

Indications Vitamin C plays an important role in biological redox process and cell respiration. Vitamin C participates in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, collagen synthesis and tissue interstitial synthesis, which can reduce capillary permeability, stimulate blood coagulation function, increase anti-infection ability, and participate in detoxification, as well as antihistamine and prevent carcinogen (nitrosamine) production. This product is used for supplementing nutrition and treating scurvy, gingival swelling and gingival bleeding, as well as for various acute and chronic infectious diseases or other diseases to enhance resistance, recover after illness and heal wounds, and also for adjuvant treatment of allergic diseases.

【 Precautions 】 ① Cysteinuria; ② gout; ③ hyperoxaluria; ④ oxalate deposition; ⑤ Uric acid kidney calculi; ⑥ Diabetes (vitamin C may interfere with the quantification of blood sugar); ⑦ Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (which can cause hemolytic anemia); 8 hemophilia; Pet-name ruby sideroblastic anemia or thalassemia (can increase the absorption of iron); Attending sickle cell anemia (can cause hemolysis).

〕 Drug interaction 〕 ① Compatibility with vitamin K3 can produce redox reaction, which weakens or disappears the curative effect of the two drugs; ② It should not be compatible with alkaline drugs (such as aminophylline, sodium bicarbonate and sodium glutamate). ), riboflavin, trichlorotert-butyl alcohol and copper iron ion (trace) solution, so as not to affect the curative effect; ③ Combination with heparin or warfarin can shorten prothrombin time; ④ Salicylic acid can increase the excretion of vitamin C.

[Formulation] Tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets and granules

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 30-500mg each time, 2-3 times a day, with a maximum of 1g per day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions ① Long-term administration of 2 ~ 3 grams per day can cause scurvy after drug withdrawal; ② Long-term and large-scale application of vitamin C can cause urate, cysteine or oxalate stones; ③ Extensive application (daily dosage 1g or above) can cause diarrhea, bright skin, headache, frequent urination (daily dosage > 600 mg), nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and other reactions.

Precautions ① It can destroy the complexation between vitamin B 12 in food and copper and zinc ions in food, hinder absorption, and may lead to vitamin B 12 or copper and zinc deficiency; ② The preparation cannot be used after it turns yellow.

[Drug Name] Vitamin D2 or D3 (calcitol)

"Other names" calcium alcohol

Indications: When vitamin D is deficient, the human body's ability to absorb calcium and phosphorus decreases, the level of calcium and phosphorus in blood is low, bone formation is blocked, and even bone salt dissolution occurs-rickets in children and rickets in adults. This product is absorbed quickly by oral administration, reaching the peak in 3 ~ 6 hours. Can be used for supplementing nutrition, and preventing and treating rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis in children. Calcium should also be supplemented.

Contraindications: patients with hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and renal rickets are prohibited.

[Drug Interaction] ① Taking barbiturates or phenytoin sodium at the same time can accelerate the metabolism of this product; ② Sphingosine can reduce the absorption of this product.

Preparation [formulation] tablet, gelatin pill

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. The preventive dose for adults is 0.0 1 ~ 0.02 mg (400 ~ 800 international units) per day; The preventive dose for children is 0.0125 ~ 0.025mg/day (500 ~ 1000 international units).

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions ① Excessive use of vitamin D by infants can cause developmental retardation, facial deformation, and even death due to renal failure; ② Daily dosage exceeding1.25mg (50,000 international units) may cause hypercalcemia in normal people or children, cause systemic vascular calcification, renal calcium precipitation and soft tissue calcification, and lead to hypertension; ③ The early symptoms of vitamin D poisoning include fatigue, loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive drinking, polyuria and mental changes. The presence of proteinuria indicates kidney damage.

Precautions ① The sensitivity of infants to vitamin D varies greatly among individuals, and some infants are very sensitive to small doses of vitamin D; ② Use with caution in patients with arteriosclerosis, cardiac insufficiency, hypercholesterolemia and hyperphosphatemia, and in pregnant women.

[Drug Name] Alfacalcidol Capsules

[Other names] Active vitamin D3

Indications: vitamins and minerals. This product is the active metabolite of vitamin D3, and has the function of regulating inorganic salts in bones. It can be used for treating various symptoms caused by chronic renal failure complicated with osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D-resistant rickets and osteomalacia, such as hypocalcemia, hand-foot convulsion, bone pain, osteopathy or osteoporosis.

【 Caution Certificate 】 Pregnant women and women who may be pregnant should use it with caution.

[Contraindications] Hypercalcemia is prohibited.

[Drug Interaction] Patients who are taking anticoagulants, antiepileptic drugs, antacid aluminum preparations, magnesium-containing calcium preparations, thiazide diuretics and digitalis drugs should use them under the guidance of a doctor.

[dosage form] capsules. Each capsule contains 0.25 micrograms of alfacalcidol.

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Chronic renal insufficiency complicated with osteoporosis, the initial dose for adults is 2 ~ 4 pills each time.

Granules, daily 1 time, and the maintenance dose is daily 1 ~ 2 granules. Hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D resistant rickets

Adult rickets and osteomalacia, 4 ~ 16 capsules each time, daily 1 time. Children's daily weight is 0.2 capsules/kg, 1 day.

Time. Personal dose should be increased or decreased according to age and disease. Serum calcium concentration should be monitored at the same time.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions ① The digestive system occasionally has loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea and constipation.

Rare thirst and stomachache. ② The mental and nervous system occasionally suffers from headache, heavy head, insomnia, impatience, weakness of limbs,

Burnout, rare dizziness, drowsiness, chest and back pain, senile deafness, tinnitus, and memory loss. ③ circulatory system

Occasionally, blood pressure rises, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine rise (renal insufficiency), and palpitations are rare. ④ Others can.

Skin reactions such as rash, itching and heat sensation, conjunctival congestion, calcification around joints, kidney calculi's disease and vocal cords.

Adverse reactions such as hoarseness.

Precautions ① To prevent overdose, blood calcium should be monitored regularly. ② Patients with hyperphosphatemia

, should be combined with aluminum hydroxide gel. ③ Avoid simultaneous application with vitamin D drugs.

[Drug Name] Vitamin E (vitamin E, tocopherol)

[Other names] Tocopherol

Indications: Vitamin E has effects on reproductive function and lipid metabolism, and maintains the normal function of reproductive system. When lacking, it may be difficult to fertilize or cause habitual abortion. This product is used for supplementing nutrition and adjuvant treatment of habitual abortion and infertility.

Formula capsule

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 5 ~ 50 mg each time, 2 ~ 3 times a day.

[medication observation]

Long-term adverse reactions (more than 6 months) are easy to cause platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Long-term high-dose administration may lead to nausea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, menorrhagia, amenorrhea and other symptoms, such as chapped skin, cheilitis, angular stomatitis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, myasthenia, etc., which may gradually disappear after withdrawal. Occasionally, it can cause hypoglycemia, thrombophlebitis and prothrombin reduction.

Precautions ① When selenium, vitamin A and sulfur-containing amino acids in food are insufficient or contain a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, the demand for vitamin E will increase greatly. If this product is not replenished in time, it may cause deficiency; (2) Taking more than 300 mg a day for a long time may cause bleeding, hypertension, reproductive dysfunction, and even lead to breast cancer; ③ The daily dose is more than 400 mg, and the course of treatment is more than 1 year, especially when combined with estrogen, the chance of inducing thrombophlebitis increases.

[Drug Name] Vitamin B Complex

[Other names] Vitamin B complex, Viagra, Viagra

Indications: Vitamin B can be supplemented for vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 deficiency, malnutrition, pellagra, anorexia, etc.

[Drug Interaction] Try not to use metoclopramide (metoclopramide).

[dosage form] tablets. Contains vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, etc.

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. 2 ~ 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day; Children take 1 tablet, 2 ~ 3 times a day.

【 Observation on medication 】 ① After a large number of applications, irritability, fatigue, loss of appetite and other reactions may occur; ② Individual patients have skin flushing, itching and dizziness; ③ Urine may be yellow; ④ It may interfere with some laboratory tests.

[Drug Name] β -carotene

Indications: It is clinically used for ① prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency. ② The treatment of photosensitive erythropoietin porphyria can prevent leukoplakia and albinism. ③ Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases can significantly increase high density lipoprotein, which has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. ④ Prevention and treatment of various tumors. ⑤ Prevention and treatment of senile cataract and central serous chorioretinopathy. ⑥ It can be used for adjuvant treatment of peptic ulcer and chronic persistent hepatitis. ⑦ Used to weaken the damage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the body.

[dosage form] capsules. 15mg/ capsule.

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Generally, 1.5 ~ 30 mg each time, 1 ~ 3 times a day.

[medication observation]

Adverse reactions The side effects of this product have not been reported. Long-term use will lead to yellowing of the skin, and if it is stopped or reduced, the yellowing will naturally disappear.

Precautions ① Long-term oral administration of a large amount of β -carotene (30 ~ 40 mg/d) can cause skin irritation.

Yellow, but not toxic. Low doses of diabetes or hyperhidrosis can also cause yellowing of the skin. You can recover after stopping using it. ②

Generally speaking, the preventive effect of β -carotene is greater than the therapeutic effect. Treatment can only be used as an adjuvant treatment.

[Drug Name] Multivitamins

[Other names] Shi Erkang, Xiao Shierkang, Anerkang, Jin Shierkang, 2 1 Jinweita, Xiancun, Xiaoerxian Village, Liuhe Weita and Baobaole

Indications: This product contains a variety of vitamins, trace elements and minerals, which can enhance physical fitness, increase resistance and restore health and vitality. Used to supplement vitamins and trace elements.

[Formulation] Tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, oral liquids, granules and drops. May contain vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12, nicotinamide, biotin, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese, potassium, zinc.

【 Usage and Dosage 】 Take orally. Each time 1 capsule, one day 1 time.

Among them, the vitamin E you mentioned is also called tocopherol. Mainly used for anti-aging, prevention of habitual abortion, threatened abortion, menopausal syndrome and so on. It can also be used for adjuvant treatment of muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and coronary heart disease. Clinically, it is also found that it can be used to prevent and treat many diseases. Now we choose to introduce the following 15 species for readers' reference.

1. Treating peptic ulcer Some people use vitamin E combined with sucralfate and atropine to treat peptic ulcer. After taking medicine, the symptoms disappeared and the ulcer healed. The cure rate is 78.4%, and the total effective rate is 965438 0.5%. The cure rate of the control group was 65438 06.7%, and the total effective rate was 26.3%. The difference between the two groups is very significant. Usage: Take vitamin E 400 mg twice a day (on an empty stomach in the morning and before going to bed), and take sucralfate 0.5 g and atropine 0.3 mg at the same time each time. Do not eat before and after taking the medicine 1 hour. Continuous medication for 4 weeks.

2. Treatment of postpartum hypogalactia Usage: Take vitamin E orally, 200mg each time, 2-3 times a day, and take the medicine continuously for 5 days. Results: Thirty patients with postpartum hypogalactia were treated with vitamin E, and the effective rate was 90%. The milk yield of 26 cases exceeded 60 ml each time within 5 days (less than 10 ml each time before treatment), which was significantly different from that of the control group.

3. Treatment of menorrhagia caused by IUD use: Take vitamin E orally, once 100mg, every 2 days 1 time, 1 course of treatment, for a total of 14 days. It can be treated repeatedly according to the condition until the symptoms disappear.

4. Skin care: Apply 5% vitamin E acetate emulsion to the skin twice a day, and after 4 days, the water loss through the skin will be reduced by 19% and 24% respectively. Vitamin E is an ideal emollient, because it can penetrate into the skin and play its emollient role. At the same time, vitamin E can prevent ultraviolet damage, maintain skin elasticity and delay the process of skin aging.

5. Prevention and treatment of chloasma Sufficient vitamin E (once 100 mg, twice a day) or vitamin E combined with zinc can prevent and treat chloasma. However, it should be noted that continuous medication for more than 6 months is likely to cause adverse reactions such as platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It should be taken under the guidance of a doctor.

6. Treatment of erythema multiforme It is reported that 75 cases of erythema multiforme were treated with vitamin E, 70 cases were cured, 3 cases were improved and 2 cases were ineffective. Usage: Take vitamin E orally, 75mg each time, 3 times a day. Take it for 4 ~ 6 days after the rash subsides. Local itching can be treated with calamine lotion for external use.

7. Treating dysmenorrhea with vitamin E has an excellent effect on preventing dysmenorrhea. Usage: Take vitamin E orally, 300mg per day.

8. Increase milk secretion. Take 600 mg of vitamin E orally every day from the 37th week of pregnancy to delivery. Results: After applying vitamin E, the milk yield in lactation period increased obviously.

9. Treatment of scleredema neonatorum scleredema neonatorum is skin liposclerosis and edema caused by cold, premature infection and other factors. Vitamin E can improve peripheral circulation, increase blood flow and promote metabolism. Vitamin e is given 5 ~ 10 mg each time, daily 1 time and intramuscular injection for 5 ~ 7 days, and the effect is obvious.

10. Take vitamin E orally for the treatment of chronic low back pain, each time 100 mg, three times a day. Have a significant effect.

1 1. treatment of primary hemifacial spasm 8 cases of primary hemifacial spasm were treated with vitamin e, of which 5 cases were markedly effective and 3 cases were improved. Usage: 100 mg each time, three times a day, and 1 course of treatment for three months. There was a female patient who had a seizure 10 times the day before treatment. 30 seconds at a time. After 35 days of vitamin E treatment, convulsions occasionally occur, up to one day 1 ~ 3 times, sometimes every 2 ~ 3 days/kloc-0 times, each time lasting only a few seconds.

12. oral vitamin e can achieve good results in the prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids. Except for intractable hemorrhoids for many years, surgery is generally not needed. Usage: Take vitamin E orally, 50mg each time, three times a day, with warm water.

13. Treatment of calf cramps (gastrocnemius spasm) Usage: ① Vitamin E 10 mg, taken orally, three times a day, 7 days for 1 course of treatment; ② Vitamin E 5mg, 2.5 mg per acupoint,/kloc-0 once a day, and/kloc-0 once a course of treatment for 5 days.

14. Treatment of oral ulcer It is reported that 67 patients with oral ulcer were treated with vitamin E, of which 40 cases were recurrent oral ulcer. The ulcer pain disappeared in 22 cases after medication, and the wound healed after 2 ~ 3 days. 19 cases of herpetic stomatitis, the pain disappeared after 3 ~ 4 days of medication, and the ulcer surface epithelium began to repair. Usage: vitamin E3, saccharin 0. 1 g, vanilla essence 0. 15 ml, lactose 100 g. After grinding and mixing, apply it to the ulcer surface three times a day. Another person used vitamin E combined with berberine to treat children's recurrent oral mucosal ulcer, and the total effective rate was 85%. Usage: Mix vitamin E 1 tablet (100 mg) and berberine 1 tablet (100 mg) and apply to the affected area several times a day.

15. Prevention of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome Tan Yongling and others randomly divided 66 patients with mild pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome into two groups. The control group (33 cases) received routine treatment, while the treatment group (33 cases) received oral vitamin E 0. 1g, three times a day, and continued to take the medicine until the expected date of delivery. Results: The average arterial pressure, the incidence of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and the cesarean section rate in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. It can be seen that vitamin E can prevent the development of mild pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.