In the summer of p>1952, many things were happening in New China. Li Han, a pilot of the 28th regiment of our army, heroically shot down two American planes. Another thing was that Finland was going to hold the 15th Olympic Games. At that time, the Soviet Union, Poland, and Hungary all joined in a strong team, and China, the younger brother of eastern bloc, hastily joined the team when he received an urgent notice, because at that time, New China was facing the grim situation of "being politically isolated, being blocked economically, and being ready to fight militarily", and sports just became the only breakthrough to break through the encirclement. China people went there. At that time, there were no Yao Ming and Guo Jingjing, but many of them were just students, teachers, civil servants and soldiers. At that session, China people were deeply shocked by the tough performance of the socialist elder brothers in the Olympic Games. Due to some accidental contact, at the dinner, in the training ground and in the aisle of the athletes' village, we learned that there was an organization called "Sports Management Committee" directly controlled by the government in these socialist countries, which mobilized the national strength with administrative power to ensure the sports competitiveness.
After returning to China, the delegation reported this to the CPC Central Committee by chance, and the CPC Central Committee immediately instructed the establishment of the "National Sports Commission". At that time, it was not only a matter of sports, but also a way to defeat the international anti-China forces. Marshal He Long became the first director of the State Sports Commission. This is the origin of sports in China. Although Chairman Mao once called for "developing sports and strengthening people's physique", in fact, Chairman Mao also called for "exercising and defending the motherland".
Our sports chief is from the army, and the organizational system is also learned from the army. The management mode is also militarized. People with a little heart should pay attention to it. Until now, football players are used to calling coaches "a coach" directly and calling them "a coach" proves that you are an amateur. Another important reason for the origin of the militarization of sports in China is that the Olympic Committee at that time imposed many restrictions on athletes' qualifications, except for non-commissioned officers and soldiers in the army. Having said that, you don't have to blame the China Football Association for military training, shaving the flat head and taking the oath, which is the case for the whole sports force.
If the representative of China who participated in the Helsinki Olympic Games at that time didn't happen to know about the socialist "Sports Commission" at dinner or in the aisle, or if he did, he didn't regard it as an important report to the CPC Central Committee. China sports might not have embarked on the road of "national system" which lasted for half a century. The "national system" is effective for table tennis with China characteristics, but it is bound to follow the "sports force" in China football by mistake.
Marshal He Long is an avid football fan. He devoted himself to playing football. Later, the China team sent a team to Hungary and learned a lot of good things. However, no one mentioned that the technical talent of Hungarians was praised by the whole world, but its football system was soon proved to be backward. Hungary was eliminated by the world trend in the late 196s. After learning from Hungarian players and becoming football managers, we are still using that set for football training and market operation.
A contrast: Marshal Chen Yi is a master of Weiqi. When he is happy, he goes to play Weiqi. After many years, China Weiqi has finally become the world's top master. However, Marshal He Long, who is passionate about football, has never seen China's football take off for decades after his death, but it has almost disappeared. The effect of playing Go and football between the two marshals is quite different, which does not mean that the two marshals have high or low working ability, but only shows that the complexity of Go, a relatively small oriental sport, is not the same as that of football, the largest sport in the world.
This example tells the conservative leaders in the General Administration of Sports that until now, they have tried to manage football with the national system, even a great marshal like He Long has failed. Can you do it? Surprisingly, in the past 5 years, the world football operation system has undergone earth-shaking changes. The churches in Britain and the old jazz have almost retired, but China still uses the administrative methods of 56 years ago.
But in any case, the "national system" quickly inspired China people. In 1953, at the World Youth Friendship Games, Indonesian returned overseas Chinese Wu Chuanyu won the swimming championship, and the five-star red flag was raised in the international arena for the first time. At that time, many foreigners didn't know which country the five-star red flag came from, so they could imagine the pride that this competition gave to the people of New China. "Sports has become a political symbol and means, which is not only the result of years of political isolation in China, but also the result of more than 1 years of humiliating history. In a sense, we can't choose." Yi Jiandong, a professor at Beijing University of Physical Education, summed it up very well. In fact, up to now, China sports has not deviated from the thinking of that year. The Beijing Olympic Games has become a stage to show China's reform and opening up in the new era, and the people are very excited and happy, because we have to choose this way.
at the beginning of "Zujiu", I just want to trace the "origin" of football in China: in the 195s, the State Sports Commission did not set up a football mechanism, but made a political and diplomatic breakthrough to follow the "sports big army". No one would have thought of making a long-term plan that conforms to its own laws for such a complicated sport. It was just a cute little brother in the big army, but people had a unique personality towards it.
Let's talk about the original question of sports in China later. In my "Foot Nine Articles", I mainly start with the origin of China football, and then go from this origin to discuss why it has been a mess in the past 56 years. It is only a small follower of China sports, which is why I often say that it is not football but "cuju".
Of course, football in China has its moments of happiness, that is, the "Hongshankou Conference" in 1992. I don't need to elaborate on the positive significance of this so-called "Zunyi Conference" in terms of market foundation, professional competition system and popularity enhancement. I just want to remind you that it was actually not the consciousness of professional football or the market itself, but a quasi-administrative order from top to bottom. At that time, it was the opportunity for the country to vigorously develop market reform after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech. The "Hongshankou Conference" was attended by such high-standard leaders as Li Tieying, but there were no real market experts. This in itself showed that it was not his own ability for Wang Junsheng to quickly open the professional league situation. In his memoir "The Football I Know in China", it was mentioned that Wu Shaozu and Yuan Weimin had personally questioned this matter and resisted the internal opposition of the State Sports Commission. Wang Junsheng said that he had a strong feeling at that time.
However, this reform is not needed by the state itself, but is carried out under the instruction of the CPC Central Committee that "all walks of life deepen reform". China football only acts as a Depth Charge from the younger brother in the original sports force, and its official name is "experimental field". Therefore, when there are sensitive changes in politics and economy or relevant leaders retire, it may become a "victim" from "experiment".
There is a sadness that many football professionals still miss "Hongshankou". Hongshankou was a conference that brought professional flavor to China football, but it was far from a conscious revolution of football in China. It was not substantially different from the establishment of the "National Sports Commission" under the instructions of the CPC Central Committee after the Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952. Its only positive significance was that China football tried the professional league, which was tested by the market.
But what I want to say is another concept, that is, "top-down" ensures the rapidity and determination of every reform. But when the problem "top-down" appears, the whole reform will also have problems or even retrogression, because it does not rely on its own vitality but administrative power. In Mr. Lang Xiaonong's blog post, it proved one thing: "While the football reform was being carried out in depth, the former State Sports Commission issued an inexplicable instruction-the task of breaking through the football reform has been completed, and there is no task of further reform at present. Therefore, all the plans and ideas for further reform and development in the hope had to come to an abrupt end, and then the establishment of the Football Management Center of the State Sports Commission was announced to" promote the substantive construction of the football association "
All major historical events originated from a small event, so in fact, 1997 is the more important watershed of China football so far, but people have neglected that at the beginning of 1997, from the high-level sports officials, it was inexplicably said that "football needs to cool down" and "football is no small matter". In that year, Yuan Weimin severely reprimanded Yan Junjun, the editor-in-chief of Football, at a press standing committee of the Football Association, because Football played up the professional competition. At that time, people didn't know why the top leaders of the State Sports Commission were so excited. Later, they learned that four years later, the highest administrative body of China Sports quietly regarded the suspension of deepening the reform of professional football as a tacit understanding between leaders, which also confirmed the fragments recalled by Lang Xiaonong in his blog post.
There are two deep-seated reasons for this secretive retrogression: First, the sports circles in China have regarded "winning gold in the Olympics" as the highest or even the only task in a certain sense, which is also the idea of higher-level leaders. People in the Sports Commission compound even explicitly stated that "as long as you win gold in the Olympics, it doesn't matter how many people watch your football. The more people, the more chaos". Second, in that year, people and things at the top level changed differently from those at Hongshankou. At that time, there was a popular saying in China that "stability weighs everything down", which was correct at the social level. However, in terms of professional football in China, which needed to deepen reform, it became a retreat gong. From this year on, Wang Junsheng, the original red man, was repeatedly scolded in the leadership of the General Administration of Sports because Wang wanted to further reform, but the overall sports situation did not allow him to do so.
Let's straighten out some historical contexts: In the 195s, based on the weapon of defeating the enemy politically and diplomatically and showing the existence of new China, China established the "State Sports Commission" and implemented the "national system" of the former Soviet Union; Second, from 1958, when it broke with the International Olympic Committee, it withdrew until 1979. During the whole 21 years, China's sports were in an unknown place outside the world. Although we also broke many world records, most of them were played in friendly matches with brothers in the social justice camp. As for China table tennis, which is now called the "national ball", it was actually regarded as a "small skill" by us before this stage, and it was not in the mainstream of sports forces; In the 198s, Deng Xiaoping promoted the first spring of sports in China, but in order to show the stage of China's reform and opening up, China football did not become a mainstream social topic because it was unable to compete for the Olympic gold medal. Fourth, after Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech, in 1992, China football began to reform at the historic moment, and such exciting things as "A A" appeared; 5. Since 1997, due to some high-level and socio-economic and political reasons, the pace of football reform in China has suddenly stopped in order to "stabilize". The door that should have been opened was closed, just for the sake of public opinion and some practical interests, and there was still a window. After all, it is said that the China Football Association, which can make a lot of money, has to hand in a considerable amount of money every year ... < P > So it is not difficult to understand why conservative Yan Shiduo and more conservative Xie Yalong came to the China Football Association one after another. The former stopped the promotion and demotion for stability, while the latter simply introduced professional football into the "Olympic Plan" in an all-round way. This is because Yan Shiduo and, the director of the Policy and Regulation Department,
1997 was a watershed year for football in China, and its historical significance was more important than 1992. Wang Junsheng struggled until 1999 and finally fell, but things were settled after Jinzhou. Wang Junsheng repeatedly recalled that he broke his arm in a car accident in Kunming in 1995, which delayed the reform of football in China, and the death of Xu Fang the following year led to many ideas not being completed ... There are some reasons, because of these accidental things, they failed to complete in a short time. However, accident is only an inevitable capillary. It is inevitable that China football has always been a caterpillar living in the background of China sports. "The State Sports Commission or the State Sports General Administration can't get professional football" will even interfere with the development of professional football. This ministerial-level institution has never, will never and will never need to regard professional football as its administrative achievements. The reason is simple. The real name of the State Sports General Administration is not the State Sports Promotion Administration, but the National Team Gold Medal Administration.
This kind of nature can be found in some documents of "Hongshankou" that people miss. Although there are many programmatic terms of market and popularization in the documents, they are empty words that are appropriate to the situation. Wang Junsheng must also admit that the original intention of China's professionalization at that time was to stimulate China's national football team to enter the World Cup, not to establish a professional system synchronized with Europe, and everything was formulated around the qualifying of the World Cup and the Olympic Games.
Significantly, similar conferences are being held in Japan at about the same time, but its core spirit is not ranking and qualifying, but the establishment of a professional system. As for entering the World Cup, it is a natural product.
So my point is: Hongshankou should not be regarded as the starting point of China's football career. It was branded as an administrative one from the beginning. It was a professional football model drama under an administrative order and a "Westernization Movement", so in the end, the chaos was abandoned. Compared with the more soccer-oriented Meiji Restoration of Japanese football, the gap between the two countries was formed for more than 15 years. Therefore, after the professional league was booming for four years in 1997 and still failed to enter the World Cup, China's top sports leaders first retreated, because they could not see the hope. Mi Passbook made it inevitable that Wang Junsheng's "stability was overwhelming", which was the same thing as Galeries Lafayette's secret order to stop the Westernization Movement.
The original problem of football in China is the original problem of sports in China. Later, sports teams such as table tennis, diving, shooting and weightlifting, which did not enter the real professional reform, became favorites in the Olympic World Cup, which became a false encouragement, reflecting the unbearable situation of professional football with poor performance. No one dared to mention the topic of deepening football reform again, only Yan Shiduo's Loyalty without Regret and Xie Yalong's Who Belongs to the Monkey King's Property Rights, both of which are actually works.
Mr. Yuan Weimin is a master of the gold medal strategy of China's planned economy, and he has done it to the utmost. However, because of its political and economic marginalization in China, the State Sports General Administration has never really understood the reform spirit of China's top management, and those who are only responsible for the Olympic gold medal need not be responsible for professional football.
There have been some "accidental" events around China football, such as Helsinki in 1952 (belonging to the Sports Commission) and Hongshankou in 1992 (in order to cooperate with the central authorities to deepen economic reform and enter the World Cup), but the "inevitable events" have never happened in China football, that is to say, China football has never spontaneously revolutionized. Deng Xiaoping wants economic reform because it will cause big problems if it does not change China, while China football.