I wrote bracken and houttuynia (Thunb) in the fan headlines before. ) and Saussurea involucrata (Saussurea involucrata) are carcinogenic authors of three vegetables. As a result, the comments were in an uproar, and everyone expressed disbelief and even absurdly beat and scolded, especially netizens who regarded these vegetables as local characteristics. But in fact, studies have long confirmed that these three vegetables naturally contain carcinogens, and they have basically been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Of course, "containing carcinogens" and "having carcinogenic effects" are not limited to "eating them will cause cancer". There is also a question of dose size and carcinogenic intensity. Eating a small amount of these three vegetables will not cause cancer. Then again, processed meat (sausage, ham, bacon, etc. ) and drinking alcohol are carcinogens. Isn't everyone eating? I even drink occasionally, but I hardly eat processed meat. These carcinogenic foods can still be eaten in small amounts, but at present we don't know their safe limit (as long as they don't exceed this amount, they won't get cancer), so eating them means there are risks. Eating less food has little or no risk of cancer, while eating more food will increase the risk. Therefore, it is suggested that these three vegetables contain carcinogens. The purpose is not to ask everyone not to eat, but not to eat more. Don't think that they have various "dietotherapy functions" and eat endlessly. If you think they are healthy and overeat, it will be a tragedy.

Edible tender leaves for braking.

Pteridin is a carcinogen in Pteridium aquilinum, which has been confirmed by IARC as a Class Ⅱ B carcinogen (possible carcinogen). Every part of pteridophyte contains protopterin, and the buds we eat contain the most protopterin. Japanese survey found that residents who often eat bracken have a higher incidence of esophageal cancer; Eating bracken regularly in childhood may increase the risk of gastric cancer in adulthood. The good news is that protofern glycoside is water-soluble, and part of it can be removed during the processing and cooking of bracken, such as washing, soaking and stewing, thus reducing its carcinogen content and carcinogenicity. But anyway, it's right to taste a little.

houttuynia cordata

The carcinogen in Houttuynia cordata Thunb is aristolochia lactam. Experiments show that, like aristolochic acid (Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia and other Chinese herbal medicines contain this substance, and its toxic effect is very clear), aristolochian lactam can also cause damage to renal cells and induce cancer. Of course, like protopterin, it is also possible to eat a small amount of houttuynia cordata. But the bad news is that aristolochic acid will accumulate in the body, and if you eat less at a time, it may add up in the end, so eat as little as possible.

Red Cabbage/Begonia purpurea

The carcinogen in Gynura divaricata is "pyrrolizidine alkaloid", referred to as Pas, which is toxic to the liver and carcinogenic. Hongfengyai, also known as blood-soaked vegetables, purple-backed begonia, blood-nourishing vegetables and so on. Like Houttuynia cordata Thunb, it is said that it has many therapeutic effects, such as clearing away heat, reducing swelling, stopping bleeding, generating blood and enriching blood. , but most of them lack evidence and are not credible. Let's have a try.