1. Oil dissolution method, oil immersion method and oil leaching method
Oil-dissolving method, oil-soaking method and oil-soaking method are traditional methods to produce Zanthoxylum oil, which are adopted by most Zanthoxylum oil plants in China. The method is as follows: directly put Zanthoxylum bungeanum into hot edible vegetable oil, cover and seal it, or put Zanthoxylum bungeanum into a container with a pore diameter smaller than that of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, slowly pour the hot edible vegetable oil into the container, stir-fry the fragrance, and dissolve the effective components in the oil to obtain Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil.
The above methods have great limitations, mainly because the oil temperature is not easy to master. If the temperature is too high, the aroma and hemp components in pepper will volatilize, decompose and lose. The oil temperature is too low, and water is not easy to separate, which easily leads to rancidity of oil, and the effective components can not be fully dissolved, only a part of them will enter the oil, resulting in waste, high product cost and lack of market competitiveness. Secondly, there are shortcomings such as low production efficiency, high labor intensity and poor sanitary conditions.
2. Solvent extraction method
Using petroleum ether with boiling point of 60-70℃ as solvent, pepper is repeatedly leached to obtain pepper essential oil, and then the pepper essential oil is heated and mixed with edible vegetable oil to obtain pepper oil. This method also has disadvantages. First, the problem of solvent residue leads to impure aroma of the product. Second, the volatilization of solvent in the heating process invisibly increases the product cost and pollutes the atmospheric environment to some extent.
3. Supercritical CO2 extraction
The effective components in Zanthoxylum bungeanum were extracted by liquid CO2, namely Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, and then mixed with edible vegetable oil. This method is advanced, and the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil produced is good, but it has the following defects: First, in the picking season of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, the amount of flowers and peppers processed by this method is limited every day. The temperature of this method is 35-40℃, the extraction time is long, and the daily processing capacity is not large, so it is not suitable for mass production of pepper in harvest season. Secondly, when extracting fresh pepper by this method, it is necessary to crush or tablet the pericarp and seeds of pepper. Because the oil contained in Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds has high acid value and bitter taste, it is easy to increase the acid value and change the flavor of the product. Third, its production conditions and corresponding labor protection measures are strict, requiring expensive and specialized equipment, and its application is limited.
4. Extrusion method
It is divided into hot pressing method and improved cold pressing method. Hot pressing can easily lead to a large loss of aroma and taste substances in pepper. Domestic manufacturers have used a patented technology similar to physical cold pressing to produce pepper oil.
In addition, there are distillation and boiling methods to prepare pepper oil, but they have been eliminated.
Due to the different origin, picking time and production technology of pepper, the acid value, volatile matter, color and other indicators of pepper oil are also different.
Practice editing
Ingredients: Sichuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum150g ginger 50g garlic 50g onion100g star anise 5g salad oil150g.
Method:
1, ginger peeled and broken; Garlic is cut into nail slices; The scallion is mashed.
2. Put the wok on the fire, add salad oil and heat it to 50% to 60%, add ginger, garlic and onion and stir-fry until fragrant, then add pepper and star anise to stir-fry until fragrant, leave the fire, let it cool, remove the residue and put it into a container for use at any time.
Features: the oil juice is clear and fragrant.
Scope of application: Grilled cold dishes and fried hot dishes, such as "shredded pork loin", "shredded potato", "shredded pork loin" and "spicy tofu".