1 cultivate strong seedlings
1. 1 sowing date selection
The harvesting and marketing period of off-season broccoli cultivated in high mountains should be from late August to165438+1October, so the sowing period should be from mid-June to mid-July. The sowing date and sowing date of early-maturing varieties at high altitude should be advanced appropriately; For varieties with low altitude and medium maturity, the sowing date will be postponed accordingly. According to the requirements of ordering enterprises, it can be planted in stages and batches to achieve market equilibrium.
1.2 Seeding and seedling raising
Adopt rain-proof seedling raising in greenhouse. Soak the seeds in warm water for disinfection, the seeds can be mixed with drugs, and the vegetables Fengning and Chlorothalonil are sprinkled, and the seedbed is required for each15g of seeds10m2; Water the soles of the feet before sowing, cover them with fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm after sowing, spread a film to keep them moist, and support a sunshade net to cool down. 2-3 days after sowing, 70% of the seeds are peeled in the evening of emergence, and covered with sunshade net on sunny days 10- 16 to cool down. Two-year-old seedlings were transplanted in a 10 cm nutrient bowl 8- 10 days after emergence, and six-year-old seedlings were planted in the field about 30 days after emergence.
2 Land consolidation
2. 1 land selection
Out-of-season broccoli can be planted in alpine areas at an altitude of 750- 1200m. The soil layer is required to be deep, loose, fertile and convenient for irrigation and drainage. The plot with low altitude is best to sit on the leeward plot from west to east, and the microclimate conditions are sunny in the morning and cloudy in the afternoon. There are many terraces on the mountain, so make a pond at a certain distance, and use natural drop to water it to reduce labor intensity.
2.2 Soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer.
After ploughing, the land will be made into a furrow with a width of 1.3m, and the middle of the furrow will be ditched to apply base fertilizer. Generally, more than 667㎡ farmyard manure 1000kg can be applied, which can be combined with weeding on the edge of the ridge and pressed together into base fertilizer, such as 25kg of calcium superphosphate and 0/0 kg of potassium chloride/kloc-0.
3 Field planting and management
3. 1 planting density
2,500-3,000 plants are planted per mu, with dense early-maturing varieties and sparse middle-maturing varieties, planted obliquely, and watered with sufficient root water after planting.
3.2 intertillage weeding and mowing cover
Seven days after planting and before closing, intertillage weeding should be carried out at least twice, and grass should be mowed and covered to reduce the surface soil temperature, keep moisture and reduce weed growth.
3.3 Fertilizer and water management
The fertilization principles of off-season broccoli in high mountains are: sufficient base fertilizer, early topdressing, heavy application of bud fertilizer, no partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and more application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, 7 days after planting, a thin layer of human manure or 3-5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters; Then combined with intertillage weeding to see the top application of seedlings; At present, urea 10- 15 kg and potassium chloride 5- 10 kg are applied with water when the buds are large. Combined with pest control, spraying Aiduoduo or Tianda 2 1 16 disease-resistant and yield-increasing agent or brassinolide or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7- 16 days to increase yield and enhance resistance.
3.4 Pest control
3.4. 1 The main pests are aphids, Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae and Noctuidae. Spraying 10% 2000 times solution or 1% insecticidal 3000 times solution can control aphids. Spraying with 5% chlorhexidine 2000 times, 5% Regent 3000 times or 5% Mowanqing 1500 times can control Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae and Noctuidae.
3.4.2 Diseases The main diseases are black rot, soft rot and downy mildew. Black rot and soft rot, in addition to disinfection of mixed seeds, were prevented and treated with 3000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin or 100-200 ppm neophytomycin or 500 times of 77% chlorhexidine. Spraying 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, 64% antivirus alum 500 times solution or 72.2% cike 600-800 times solution can prevent downy mildew.