Elm is a deciduous tree or shrub, with a height of 20 meters, dark gray or gray-black bark, obovate, obovate, rhomboid or obovate leaves, thin oval, thick leathery, petiole 2- 10 mm long, and only hairs at the top or sparse hairs at the bottom. The stone is located in the middle of samara, and the flowering and fruiting period is April-May.
Ulmus pumila is born in slopes, valleys, terraces, loess hills, fixed sand dunes and rock crevices at an altitude of 700- 1800 meters. In China, it is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and eastern Qinghai.
Elm is an excellent timber tree with hard and dense wood, not easy to crack and beautiful texture. Suitable for vehicles, sleepers, buildings, farm tools, furniture, etc. The seed yield of elm is high, and the oil content of seeds reaches 39%, in which capric acid accounts for 66.5% of the total fatty acids. These two substances have the highest content in Ulmus. Seed oil can be used in food and industry, decanoic acid is an important industrial raw material, and it can also be used in brewing, soy sauce and medicine. The bark and root bark of elm are rich in fiber. Bark contains 54.85% cellulose, which can be used for textile, paper making and extracting tannin extract. Gum in bark can be used as paper paste. Young branches can be used as textile materials, and leaves are suitable for feed.