For mild ankle sprain, cold compress should be applied to the affected area first, and then hot compress should be applied 24 hours later. Bandage the ankle and pad the foot pad to relieve the symptoms.

Electric shock first aid method

① Quickly cut off the power supply.

(2) When the insulation grid can't be found, the conductor can be picked or cut off.

(3) Immediately lift the person who gets an electric shock to a ventilated place, unbutton the button and belt, and give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or send him to a nearby hospital for emergency treatment if breathing stops.

④ Local burns can be bandaged with saline or vaseline gauze.

Emergency treatment of arterial bleeding

(1) The arteriole is bleeding, and the wound is not big. Sterile cotton can be applied to the wound, and pressure dressing can generally stop dizziness.

(2) When bleeding continues, it can raise the injured limb, slow down the blood flow and help to stop dizziness.

(3) In case of severe limb bleeding, a tourniquet can be tied at the upper end of the wound, and a towel or cloth should be put on before it is tied, and then it must be relaxed every half hour 1 time, and the total sticking time should not exceed two hours to avoid limb ischemia and necrosis. After initial treatment, they should be sent to hospital immediately.

First aid for children with convulsion

When the child is found to have convulsions, it is not advisable to panic and shake around, which will aggravate the condition. Don't feed the soup with water, lest it be inhaled into the trachea. You should open the window, unbutton the child's coat and let him breathe freely. Wrap chopsticks in cloth and put them between the child's upper and lower teeth to avoid biting his tongue. Fatigue caused by high fever can be applied to the forehead with a towel dipped in cold water. Record the time and symptoms of convulsions in detail and send them to the hospital for treatment immediately.

First aid for dog bites

After being bitten by a dog, use a cloth belt to tie the wound up and down 5 cm, suck out dirty blood with a breast pump, and then wash the wound with soapy water. Dogs that bite should be isolated, and once they are diagnosed with rabies virus, they should be executed immediately.

First aid method of fracture

Methods of rescuing fracture patients;

① Hemostasis: Finger pressing, bandaging and tourniquet can be used to stop bleeding.

② Bandage: The open fracture is bandaged with sterile gauze under pressure, and the exposed end cannot be retracted.

③ Fixation: Use old clothes and other soft things to pad the splint, or use wooden sticks and other substitutes to fix the upper and lower joints of the injured limb without splint.

④ Treatment: If conditions permit, it can be sent to hospital for treatment after debridement and pain relief.

Emergency treatment of acute lumbar sprain

After a sudden lumbar sprain, if the injury is minor, the patient can lie on his back on a thick wooden bed with a cushion 1 pillow under his waist. Cold compress the wound first, and switch to hot compress after 1 ~ 2 days. If the symptoms are not relieved or the injury is serious, they should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.

Emergency treatment of spinal bone injury

Patients with spinal bone injury can move their limbs if they are clear-headed, and the movement disorder of both lower limbs is simple, suggesting that the chest or lumbar spine has been seriously injured; If the upper limbs are also disabled, the cervical spine will also be damaged. First make the patient lie flat on the ground, and the two upper limbs are straight and close together. Put the door panel next to the patient, and four porters crouch beside the patient, one holding the back and waist, one holding the shoulder blades, one holding the hips and lower limbs, and one holding the head to keep coaxial with the trunk at all times. Four people at the same time, slowly rolled the patient to the door panel and lay on his back, with small pillows at the back of his waist and neck, soft pillows at both sides of his head, then fixed his head with cloth strips, and then ran to the nearest place.

Treatment of eating metal foreign bodies by leek

Take a handful of leek, don't cut it, cook it in boiling water, and mix it with sesame oil, so that foreign objects such as metals swallowed by mistake can be wrapped and discharged smoothly.

Emergency treatment of hemoptysis

① Let the patient rest in bed, take a semi-recumbent position, keep quiet, and don't talk loudly or cough hard.

(2) Wrap the chest with a cold towel to prevent catching cold.

③ Take antitussive and expectorant drugs, but avoid aminophylline.

④ Take some hemostatic drugs, such as No.8 hemostatic powder, Radix Notoginseng, Rhizoma Bletillae powder, vitamin K, etc. ..

⑤ Send to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

First aid for cat bites

After being bitten by a cat, the upper end of the wound should be tied tightly with a tourniquet, washed with normal saline or cold boiled water, and then corroded locally with 5% carbolic acid.

First aid method of gas poisoning

When you realize your gas poisoning, you should open the doors and windows as soon as possible and leave the scene quickly. If you are weak, you should lie on the ground, climb to the door or window, and open the door and window to call for help. If gas poisoning is found in others, you should immediately open the doors and windows and carry the patient away from the scene. If the poisoned person's breathing and heartbeat are irregular or stop, he should immediately carry out external heart massage and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, and be sent to the hospital for rescue.

Drowning first aid method

(1) The rescuer squatted down, so that the rescued drowning person lay face down on the rescuer's leg, and quickly pressed his back to make him spit out the water in the abdominal cavity, remove the foreign bodies in his mouth and nose, and untie his clothes, trousers and bra. Then do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for the drowning person who gritted his teeth.

(2) Patients with cardiac arrest should be given external cardiac massage immediately.

(3) Active rescue should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

First aid methods of pesticide poisoning

After taking pesticide 10 ~ 30 minutes by mistake, symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, unstable standing, pale face, incontinence and so on will generally appear. Before being sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, you can stimulate his throat with chopsticks, feathers or fingers to make him spit out pesticides. After vomiting, they can take egg white, milk or concentrated milk powder to protect the gastric mucosa, reduce the stimulation of pesticides on the gastric wall and delay the absorption of poisons.

First aid method of arsenic poisoning

① Gastric lavage in time: Let the patient drink water with warm water or 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, each time with 1 cup, about 200ml, and then stimulate the throat with fingers to induce vomiting, repeatedly.

② Timely rescue: after gastric lavage, send to hospital for rescue.

③ When the hospital is far away, dimercaprol or sodium dimercaptopropionate can be given first.

artificial respiration

For patients whose breathing stops suddenly and their heartbeat still exists, artificial respiration can be performed. Quickly move the patient to a well-ventilated place, pay attention to keep warm, untie the collar button, belt and bra of the patient's clothes, raise the back or waist, lean back slightly, remove dentures, mud and other things that hinder breathing in the mouth, and put a towel between the upper and lower teeth to make the mouth slightly open. The surgeon holds the patient's chin with one hand and the patient's nose with the other. After inhaling deeply, he blew hard into the patient's mouth and then relaxed the patient's nose. This is repeated 16 ~ 20 times per minute until breathing is restored.

First aid method of snake entering human body

If a small poisonous snake burrows into the human body through the nose, mouth and anus, the following methods can be used for first aid:

(1) Cut off the sow's tail, let the tail blood drip into the hole, and the snake quits.

(2) Fill the small eyes of the snake tail with pepper powder, and the snake can also quit.

It can also be effective to stab the snake's tail with hard grass.

First aid method of snake bite

Let the patient lie down, lower the bitten part, tie it with a rope or handkerchief 2 ~ 10 cm above the wound, relax every 15 minutes, disinfect the small blade with matches, cut a cross-shaped incision on each snake tooth print, suck out the venom from the wound with your mouth, and send it to the hospital as soon as possible.

First-aid methods of food poisoning

Food poisoning can be rescued in the following ways.

① Detoxification: Take 1 tablespoon of salt and take it with soup, stimulate the throat with chopsticks and induce vomiting repeatedly.

2 adsorption detoxification: when diarrhea is poisoned, you can eat a proper amount of burnt steamed bread.

③ Neutralization and detoxification: oral administration of egg white and milk. For alkaline poisons, vinegar and orange juice can be taken orally. For metal or plant alkalosis, you can take strong tea immediately.

④ Special detoxification: olive detoxifies alcohol, olive juice detoxifies puffer fish, raw eggplant detoxifies bacterial food poisoning, and pepper detoxifies poisoning caused by fish, crabs and mushrooms.

Emergency treatment of acid-base eye injury

If acid and alkali accidentally spill into eyes, handle it as soon as possible:

(1) Wash eyes repeatedly with clean water within 2 minutes, and wash eyes with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution conditionally for acid injury; Eye damage caused by alkali should be washed with 1% acetic acid or 4% boric acid solution.

② Cold compress should be applied on the day of eye injury, and hot compress can be applied on the third day.

③ In case of severe pain, you can drop 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride eye drops.

④ Oral antibiotics to prevent infection.

⑤ Take a lot of vitamins A, B, C and D orally to promote the recovery of affected eyes.

First aid for head trauma

Head trauma, no wound but subcutaneous hematoma, can be bandaged to stop bleeding and dizziness, and the head is partially sunken, which indicates that there is skull fracture, so we can only cover it lightly with gauze, and never bandage it with pressure to prevent brain tissue damage.

First aid method of dislocation

① Dislocation of elbow joint: The elbow joint can be bent at a right angle, and the forearm and elbow can be held up with a triangular towel and hung on the neck.

② Dislocation of shoulder joint: You can use a triangle towel to lift the forearm and hang it around your neck, then wrap a broadband arm around your chest and tie a knot on the opposite chest to fix the upper part of the dislocated joint.

③ Hip dislocation: Take the patient to the hospital on a stretcher.

First aid for heart attack

① Try to reduce the mental burden and anxiety of patients.

② Put nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate under the patient's tongue immediately.

③ Let the patient sit in a semi-seated position and take orally 1 ~ 2 Shexiang Baoxin Pills.

(4) When the patient feels that his heartbeat is gradually slowing down or even stopping, he should cough continuously, coughing every 3 seconds 1 time, and his heartbeat can be restored.

⑤ In case of cardiac arrest, the following methods can be used for first aid: (1) Tapping the precordial area: the performer covers the precordial area with the palm of his left hand, clenches his fist with his right hand, and slams the back of his left hand continuously. Cardiac arrest is effective within 1.5 minutes. (2) Extrathoracic heart massage: The patient lies on his back with his head slightly lower and his feet slightly higher. The performer puts the left palm on the lower third of the patient's sternum, above the xiphoid process, and presses the right palm on the back of the left hand. His arm is perpendicular to the patient's sternum, and he presses hard to make the sternum sink 2-3 cm. Then he relaxed and continued to operate, 60-70 times per minute. If breathing stops, artificial respiration and tapping outside the heart should be performed alternately until the patient is sent to the hospital.

Emergency treatment of sudden sexual death

In case of sudden death during sexual intercourse, the other party should adopt the following methods for first aid: let the patient lie on his back with his head down and his feet high, blow hot air from mouth to mouth, press the person's median acupoint with acupuncture or thumb, so that the patient can slowly recover his breathing, and then take Ginseng Radix Aconiti Lateralis Decoction, or decoct with Radix Astragali 120g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 60g and Radix Aconiti Lateralis 15g.

First aid of chest trauma

With an open wound in the chest, air will flow in and out of the chest with breathing, and blood may flow out. The patient should not move to prevent the broken ribs from puncturing the lungs and blood vessels. At this time, the wound must be covered with gauze or clothes, and the pressure must be bandaged.

Hypertension self-help method

Hypertensive patients with sudden increase in blood pressure should remain calm, take antihypertensive drugs immediately, and move to the shade to sit down so that the upper body and head can be lifted; If possible, you can wash your feet with 40 ~ 45℃ water and soak them in 2/3 of your knees. Wet the towel with cold water and apply it to your head. Patients with nausea, vomiting and headache should seek medical attention immediately.

First aid method of foreign body inhalation

When a foreign body enters the trachea or esophagus by mistake, let the patient face down and pat his back to make him cough up, so as to avoid choking caused by foreign body blocking the trachea. If it is ineffective, it should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.

First-aid methods for infant asphyxia

When a baby suffocates while feeding or taking medicine, he should immediately hang the child upside down, pat his hips and discharge the blockage in the trachea. Infants and young children suffocate because they are sleeping or wrapped too tightly in swaddling clothes, and their faces turn blue or even stop breathing. They should be given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.

First aid for syncope

① Let the patient lie flat with his head down and his feet high.

② Untie the patient's collar, belt and bra.

③ Keep warm and keep quiet.

4 feed sugar water or hot tea.

⑤ Inhale with low concentration ammonia solution near the nose.

⑥ Pinch the patient's Hegu point (the tiger's mouth of the hand) with thumb and forefinger; You can also pinch or acupuncture Renzhong point with your thumb.

⑦ Give the patient a small amount of wine.

⑧ In case of cardiac arrest, you should immediately punch in the left chest, and perform artificial respiration and heart massage.

Pet-name ruby after preliminary treatment to the hospital for treatment.

Burn first aid

(1) Stay away from the burn source quickly to avoid burns.

(2) Cut or tear off the clothes, shoes and socks at the burn site as soon as possible.

③ Wash the wound with cold water to cool it down.

④ For minor burns in a small area, Bishu ointment and Yushu oil can be applied.

⑤ Protect the wound with clean towels or sheets and send it to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.