Open classification: biology, plants, nature, Chinese herbal medicine, horticulture

Radix Morindae Officinalis

Medicinal Indianmulberry Root

Alias chicken intestine wind, cornvine and triangle vine.

The source is the root of Morinda officinalis How, a Rubiaceae plant.

Plant morphology twines vines. The leaves are opposite, membranous, oblong, pointed at the apex, and the dorsal veins and petioles are short and coarse; Stipules are dry film. Inflorescence head-shaped, with 2 ~10 flowers, born at the end of branchlets or arranged in umbels, pedicels hairy; Calyx tube is hemispherical, and the apex is irregularly dentate; Corolla white, throat contracted, 4-lobed; Stamens 4, filaments short; The ovary is inferior, 4-loculed, and the style is slender and short, 2-parted. Juhuaguo is often single, nearly spherical, with one seed per room. The flowering period is from April to June, and the fruiting period is from July to1l.

Born in valleys, streams or forests. Location: Guangdong and Guangxi; There is cultivation.

Mining can be done all year round, removing fibrous roots, drying to 60% to 70%, gently beating flat and drying.

Character roots are oblate and slightly curved. The surface is grayish yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal lines and transverse cracks, and the skin is sometimes broken off horizontally, exposing the wood and showing a series of knots. Tough texture, thick section skin, purple or lavender, easy to peel off from wood, yellow-brown or yellow-white wood. Odorless, sweet and slightly astringent.

Chemical composition pre-test roots contain anthraquinones and flavonoids.

The taste is mild, sweet and pungent.

Functions mainly include tonifying kidney-yang, strengthening bones and muscles, and expelling wind and dampness. It can be used for impotence, nocturnal emission, infertility due to cold uterus, irregular menstruation, cold pain in the abdomen, arthralgia due to rheumatism, and weakness of bones and muscles.

English name RADIX MORINDAE OFFICINALIS

Alias chicken intestine wind, cornstalk, black vine drill, rabbit intestine, triangle vine and chaff vine.

Source this product is the dried root of Morinda officinalis How, a Rubiaceae plant. All the year round, it can be dug, washed, fibrous roots removed, dried to 60% or 70%, lightly beaten and dried.

Method of making Morinda officinalis meat: clean Morinda officinalis, steam thoroughly according to the steaming method (Appendix II D), remove the wood core while it is hot, cut into sections, and dry. Salt Morinda officinalis: Clean Morinda officinalis, steam thoroughly according to the salt steaming method (Appendix II D), remove the wood core while it is hot, cut into sections and dry. Preparation of Radix Morindae Officinalis: take Radix Glycyrrhizae, mash it, add water to decoction, remove residues, add clean Radix Morindae Officinalis, mix well, cook thoroughly according to the cooking method (Appendix II D), remove the wood core while it is hot, cut into sections, and dry. Every 100kg of Morinda officinalis, use 6kg of licorice.

Characteristics: This product is oblate cylindrical, slightly curved, with different lengths and a diameter of 0.5 ~ 2 cm. The surface is grayish yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal lines and transverse cracks, and some skin parts are transversely broken to expose the wood parts; Tough, thick skin, purple or lavender, easy to peel off from wood; The wood is hard, yellowish brown or yellowish white, with a diameter of1~ 5 mm. Odorless, sweet and slightly astringent.

differentiate

Cross section of this product: cork layer is a series of cells. Single or several groups of stone cells in the lateral cortex are arranged in a ring intermittently; The parenchyma cells contain needle crystal bundles of calcium oxalate, which are arranged tangentially. The phloem is broad, and the inner parenchyma cells contain needle crystal bundles of calcium oxalate, which are arranged axially. The cambium is obvious. The xylem vessels are scattered singly or 2 ~ 3 together, arranged radially, with a diameter of105 μ m; Wood fiber is more developed; Wood line width1~ 3 rows of cells; Occasionally, non-lignified wood parenchyma cell groups are seen.

Powder lavender or purplish brown. The stone cells are pale yellow, round, square, rectangular, long or irregular, some are pointed at one end, with a diameter of 21~ 96 μ m and a wall thickness of 39 μm, some are obviously layered, with obvious pits and grooves, and some are large and slightly thick. The needle crystals of calcium oxalate mostly exist in bundles in parenchyma cells, and the needle crystals are as long as184 μ m. The vessel with marginal holes is light yellow, with a diameter of 105μm and fine marginal holes. The fiber tracheid is long and spindle-shaped, with large marginal pits, and the pits are obliquely slit-shaped or intersect with herringbone and cross.

Check that the total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

The acid-insoluble ash content shall not exceed 0.8% (Appendix ⅸ k).

The extract shall be determined by cold immersion method (appendix ⅹ a) under the water-soluble extract determination method, and shall not be less than 50.0%.

Sexual taste is sweet, pungent and slightly warm. Return to kidney and liver meridian.

Functions mainly include tonifying kidney-yang, strengthening bones and muscles, and expelling wind and dampness. It can be used for impotence, nocturnal emission, infertility due to cold uterus, irregular menstruation, cold pain in the abdomen, arthralgia due to rheumatism, and weakness of bones and muscles.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 9g.

Store in a ventilated and dry place to prevent mildew and moth.

Excerpt from China Pharmacopoeia

Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis is a perennial vine herb of Rubiaceae, which is used as medicine with roots, and has the effects of tonifying kidney, strengthening yang, strengthening bones and muscles, and expelling wind and dampness. This product is mainly produced in Guangdong and Guangxi, and its cultivation method is as follows:

First, land selection and soil preparation

Choose a mountainous area with plenty of sunshine and rich humus. Before winter, the shrubs should be cut down and reclaimed, terraces with a width of 1m should be built according to the horizontal line, and drainage ditches should be opened to prevent rainwater from washing away water. Then open holes in the middle of the terraced fields by 35 ~ 45 cm, and the depth and width of the holes are about 33cm respectively. For example, when planted in flat land, the plant spacing is about 66cm. Before planting, apply green manure, compost or other organic fertilizers to each hole as base fertilizer.

Second, the method of reproduction

1. seed propagation: harvest the fruit when it turns from green to red in autumn, peel it and dry it in the shade, then sow it or store it in wet sand until the next spring sowing. The soil preparation in nursery is basically the same as that in field. You can raise seedlings in terraced fields, or you can raise high beds on gentle slopes to sow. According to the row spacing of 20cm, drill the seeds in the ditch and cover the soil about 2cm. Seeds collected in that year and sown in 1 1 month germinated in the spring of the following year and were unearthed around Qingming. After seedling raising 1 year, planting with soil in rainy days is selected.

2. Cutting propagation: cutting propagation with branches or rhizomes can be used. Select the stout branches of plants over 2 years old as cuttings, and the old branches near the roots, the excessively tender top branches and the long branches with long internodes are not suitable. The cutting length is about 15cm. In order to reduce the water evaporation of cuttings and improve the survival rate of cuttings, some or all leaves should be cut off. After cutting the cuttings, immerse the lower end of the cuttings in clear water or cover them with wet straw, and place them in a cool place.

Cutting time can be carried out in three seasons except winter, but spring and autumn are the best. On the whole seedbed, insert obliquely according to the plant spacing 10cm, and the depth of burying is 2/3 of the cutting. After inserting, cover the soil and compact it, then cover the grass and water it. When the temperature is above 20℃, cuttings can take root in15 ~ 20 days, and seedlings can be planted for half a year.

During seedling raising, pay attention to watering and keep the seedbed moist. After the seedlings are unearthed or germinated by cutting, the grass should be removed immediately and a simple shed should be put on to shade them. When the seedling height is 15cm, weeding and topdressing are combined to dilute human excrement and urine. After planting, cover the plants with leaves immediately to prevent direct sunlight and drought and improve the survival rate of plants.

Third, field management

1. Weeding and topdressing: In the first two years of planting, ginger can be interplanted, which can not only increase economic income, but also be beneficial to the growth of Morinda officinalis. If other crops are not intercropped, weeding and topdressing can be done 2 ~ 3 times a year in the first two years. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. After the fourth year, fertilization can be stopped.

2. Scaffolding and vine cutting: In order to promote the growth of tuberous roots, scaffolds should be set up to wrap the stems and vines to avoid adventitious roots after touching the ground. When Morinda officinalis grows for 2 ~ 3 years, the stems and vines are dense and need to be trimmed properly to avoid excessive growth and affect the root growth. Cut off the old green stems in winter and spring, and keep the young red and purple stems (the cut old stems can be used for cutting propagation).

Fourth, pest control

1. Ring rot: mainly harms leaves. The disease occurs when the temperature is high and the humidity is high, and the ventilation condition is poor. The leaves of the diseased plants are perforated, yellow and fall off. Prevention and treatment methods: remove the diseased leaves and burn them at the early stage of the disease, or spray them with zineb 600 ~ 800 times, 1 0 ~15 days/time,1~ 2 times continuously.

2. Stem rot: It is easy to occur when too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied or it is rainy and humid for a long time, and the soil drainage is poor. Prevention and control methods: select disease-free plants for reproduction, pay attention to rational fertilization, and do not interplant with peanuts and soybeans. After onset, 1 part lime and 3 parts plant ash can be mixed and applied to the roots, or 1:140 ~ 200 bordeaux solution and zineb 800 ~1000 times solution can be sprayed every 7 ~1.

3. Bituminous coal disease: caused by aphids, beetles, etc. After the onset, black mold layer appeared on the surface of stems, leaves and fruits, which directly affected photosynthesis and led to plant growth decline, small tubers and poor quality. Prevention and control methods: In addition to exterminating aphids and beetles, zineb 800 ~1000 times solution was used for spraying after the disease occurred.

4. Starscream: It harms the leaves, causing them to fall off in severe cases. It can be sprayed with 25% chlordimeform 200 ~ 300 times.

In addition to the above pests, there are also leaf miners, scarabs and termites, which can be controlled by chlordimeform, turpentine mixture, trichlorfon and termites respectively.

V. Harvest and processing

Morinda officinalis how is harvested 3-5 years after colonization. Generally, it is dug in autumn and winter, so be careful not to damage the root skin when digging. When processing, wash away the sediment, cut off the stems and fibrous roots, dry them in the sun or fire until they are 60-70% dry, beat them gently with a mallet, cut them into small pieces of 2-4 inches, and then dry them. It is better to have thick meat, fine heart wood, purple color and no sundries.

Morinda officinalis

(Classic)

Different names Morinda officinalis (Materia Medica Illustrated Classic), Chicken Intestine Wind (Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Rabbit Intestine (Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine).

The source is the root of Morinda officinalis in Rubiaceae.

Plant morphology Morinda officinalis, also known as: three creeping weeds ("Tang Materia Medica"), no carved grass ("Rihuazi Materia Medica"), Celastrus clavatus, black rattan drill, chaff rattan and triangle rattan.

Winding or climbing vines. The rhizome is fleshy and cylindrical, and the branches are somewhat rosary-shaped, with white skin when fresh and dark brown when dry. There are serpentine stripes, and the section is purple. The stems are cylindrical with longitudinal ribs, and the branchlets have brown coarse hairs when they are young, and the surface is rough after the hairs fall off when they are old. The leaves are opposite, oblong, 3 ~13cm long and1.5 ~ 5cm wide, with a short acuminate apex, a wedge-shaped or broad wedge-shaped base, all the way, short and coarse hairs on the lower side along the midvein, and sparse short eyelashes on the leaf margin; Petiole has brown coarse hair; Stipules sheathlike. Inflorescence head-shaped, with 2 ~10 flowers, born at the top of branchlets, rarely axillary; Calyx is obconical, 3 ~ 4 mm long, with irregular teeth at the apex or nearly truncated; Corolla is white, the throat of corolla tube is contracted, and the inside is densely short-haired, usually 4-parted; 4 stamens and extremely short filaments; Ovary inferior, 4-loculed, style 2-parted. Berries are subglobose, 5 ~ 9 mm in diameter, red when ripe, and have persistent cylindrical calyx tubes at the top. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruiting period is 9 ~10 month.

Wild in valleys, streams or under forests, but also cultivated. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places.

Collecting and digging in winter and spring, cleaning the soil, removing fibrous roots, drying to 60-70% dryness, gently flattening with rough wood, and drying; Or steam it first, sun-dry it, beat it flat and sun-dry.

The dried roots of medicinal materials are curved oblate or cylindrical, with different lengths and a diameter of about1~ 2 cm. The surface is grayish yellow. There are thick but not deep longitudinal wrinkles and deep horizontal stripes, and even the skin breaks to expose the wood, forming a knot about1~ 3 cm long, shaped like chicken intestines, hence the local name "chicken intestines wind". The broken surface is uneven, and there are many cracks in the cross section; The skin is bright lavender, Mulang yellow-brown, and the width of the skin is twice that of the wood. No gas, sweet and slightly astringent. It is better to have a big strip, fat, beady, thick meat and purple color. Thin strips, thin meat and gray color are inferior.

Location: Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

Processing Morinda officinalis: remove impurities, soak in hot water, remove the wood core while it is hot, cut into sections and dry in the sun. Roasting Morinda officinalis: take licorice, mash it, put it in a pot and add water to decoct it, remove the residue of licorice, add the cleaned Morinda officinalis, cook until it is soft enough to extract the wood core (there is not enough soup left at this time), take it out, remove the wood core while it is hot, and dry it. (Every Morinda officinalis 100 kg, 6 kg and 4 Liang of licorice) Salt Morinda officinalis: Take the cleaned Morinda officinalis, mix well with salt water, steam thoroughly in a cage, remove the wood core and dry in the sun. (Every Morinda officinalis 100 kg, 2 kg of salt, and appropriate amount of boiling water for clarification)

(1) The Theory of Lei Gong's Baking: "Every Morinda officinalis must be soaked in Lycium barbarum soup for one night, until it is slightly soft, but it will be soaked in wine for a while, and then it will be boiled with chrysanthemum to brown it, and then the chrysanthemum will be removed and dried."

(2) Compendium: "If you soak in wine for one night, you will be sentenced to baking medicine. If you need it urgently, only soak it in warm water to remove the heart."

Chemical constituents include anthraquinone and flavonoids.

Sexual taste is sweet and warm.

① Classic: "pungent, slightly warm."

② Bielu: "Sweet, non-toxic."

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "It tastes bitter."

Meridian tropism enters liver and kidney meridians.

① Explanation of the nature of drugs processed by Lei Gong: "Entering the spleen and kidney."

② New Edition of Materia Medica: "Entering the Heart and Kidney."

③ Interpretation of Materia Medica: "Entering the Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin and Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming."

Functions: it is mainly used to tonify kidney-yang, strengthen bones and muscles, and dispel wind and dampness. Treat impotence, less abdominal cold pain, incontinence in urination, deficiency of uterus, arthralgia due to wind-cold and dampness, and soreness of waist and knees.

(1) The Classic: "Dominate the strong wind and evil spirits, so that the yin can't be weak, strengthen the bones and muscles, secure the five internal organs, replenish the middle energizer, increase the ambition and benefit qi."

(2) Bielu: "Treating head and face wind, causing pain in the lower abdomen and yin, lowering qi, supplementing five labors and benefiting essence."

③ "Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Treat men's nocturnal ejaculation, strengthen yin, remove head and face stroke, control lower qi, strong wind and blood stasis."

(4) "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Secure the five internal organs, calm your mind, and get rid of all wind. Treat edema. "

⑤ "Compendium": "Treat beriberi, get rid of wind disease, and enrich the blood."

⑥ Seeking the Origin of Materia Medica: "Resolving phlegm, treating cough, asthma, dizziness, diarrhea and eating less."

⑦ Handbook of Common Chinese Herbal Medicines of Guangzhou Army: "Tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, strengthening bones and muscles, and expelling wind and dampness. Treat kidney deficiency, weakness of waist and feet, paralysis, rheumatic bone pain, neurasthenia, impotence, nocturnal emission, premature ejaculation and insomnia; Women are infertile. "

Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoct soup,1.5 ~ 3 yuan; Take pills, powder, soak in wine or boil ointment.

It is advisable to avoid people with yin deficiency and excessive fire.

(1) "Notes on Materia Medica Classics": "Raspberry makes it. "Evil morning students, thunder pills, salvia miltiorrhiza."

(2) The Classic of Materia Medica: "When the fire is blazing, the disease will be red, bitter in mouth, red and painful in eyes, irritable and thirsty, and the stool will be dry and secret, so it is forbidden to be salty."

(3) "Despei Materia Medica": "Exudation due to excessive fire, lack of water due to yin deficiency, unfavorable urination and dry mouth and tongue are prohibited."

Prescription 1: Treating deficiency of Yang Road without lifting, five pains and seven injuries will cause all diseases. Can eat, lower the gas: Morinda officinalis, raw Achyranthes bidentata each 3 kg. Soak it in five buckets of wine, and take it away from me. It often makes the wine and gas meet, so don't get drunk and vomit. (Qian Jin Fang)

② Treating women with prolonged cold uterus and irregular pulse, more or less with red and white discharge: Morinda officinalis, Alpinia officinarum, Zijin rattan, green salt, Cinnamomum cassia (removing coarse skin) and Evodia rutaecarpa. The top is the end, and the wine paste is the pill. Take 20 pills each time, send warm salt wine and get salt soup. One suit for every afternoon and one suit for every night. ("Ju Fang" Baji Pill)

③ To treat waist and hip pain caused by wind-cooling, it is not allowed to walk: one and a half of Morinda officinalis, three and two of Achyranthes bidentata (removing seedlings), one and a half of Notopterygium incisum, one and a half of Cinnamomum cassia, one and a half of five tomato skins, two and two of Eucommia ulmoides (removing rough skin, roasting slightly yellow, judging) and one and a half of dried ginger (cracking by blasting, judging). The medicine is smashed into powder, and the honey is refined and smashed for three or two hundred pestles. The pills are as big as buttonwood. Drink 30 pills with warm wine every time before eating. ("Sheng Hui Fang" Baji Pill)

④ Curing urination can't help: Fructus Alpinae Oxyphyllae, Radix Morindae Officinalis (heart removed, two flavors boiled with green salt and wine), ootheca mantidis and shredded rabbit (steamed with wine) are equally divided. For fine powder, wine boiled paste for pills, such as buttonwood. Take 20 pills each time, and send them with salt wine or salt soup before eating. ("miracle cure")

⑤ Treatment of white turbidity: Semen Cuscutae (boiled in wine for one day, baked), Morinda officinalis (heart removed, soaked in wine), broken paper (fried), pilose antler, yam, halloysitum rubrum, five flavors in each one or two. The top is the bottom, and the wine is paste pills. Hollow salt soup. (Puji Fang)

Ye Tianshi Yun: Epilepsy is mainly used for impotence due to yin deficiency, and Morinda officinalis is mainly used for impotence due to yang deficiency. Thin people have more yin deficiency, while fat people have more yang deficiency or phlegm dampness.