Oral: Zhong Yi (Zhejiang veteran of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea)
Interviews: Tian Wuxiong, Yang Runxue and Shi Xinyu
Finishing: Yang Runxue and Shi Xinyu
Date: 2016/8/9
Veteran Zhong Yi (second from left) and oral interviewer, photos provided by Tian Wuxiong (first from left).
My name is Zhong Yi, a native of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. I was born in 193 1 year, and I am 88 years old. 1July 1952 to1May 1953, worked in the logistics department of the 67th division of the 23rd Army in Chinese people's Volunteer Army.
Teacher recommended, quietly joined the army.
When I joined the army, my name was Zhong Wei Jin. Later, I changed my name to Zhong Yi, which means life-long revolution.
When I joined the army, before the people's government was established, a military representative sat there, and there was no mobilization activity. My joining the army has a lot to do with my headmaster. 1947 I was admitted to Deqing Jane's College on the recommendation of my teachers, who valued me very much.
Li Yihang, the president of Deqing Jianshi, is a Japanese student. He went back to China alone in order to resist Japan. He joined the underground party and became a one-way contact with Premier Zhou Enlai. He has a great history. He obtained the most important information, entered the CC department within the Kuomintang and became a Chinese secretary. Once he found a secret report in his backpack to prevent the activities of different parties. Two underground parties copied it all night, contacted Premier Zhou on a single line, and drove the information out in the middle of the night. After the southern Anhui incident, he couldn't find a party organization, so he taught, and later returned to his hometown and became the principal of Jianshi Normal University.
The teachers he hired are all close, and there are underground parties. He has great feelings for the party. Among them, there are two teachers, one is Li Siyou, a native of Shandong, who is familiar with the PLA and has radical ideas. He called me to my office, took a book from my backpack and said, "You can have a look at this book." This is wang gui and li xiangxiang, which opened a new world for me. Later, I read some social science books at school, except wang gui and li xiangxiang, Zhao Shuli's novels, Marriage of Young Blackies and so on. This improved my thinking and made me understand the nature of the Kuomintang and the * * * production party. At that time, I heard a song called "A Good Place Beyond the Mountain", which was a liberation song, and my understanding of the * * * production party became deeper and deeper.
Because of the principal, I have a deeper understanding of the * * * production party, so I joined the army. At that time, there was no slogan to resist US aggression and aid Korea, but something more radical was: "Let's go to North Korea to fight!" At that time, all the propaganda was that our compatriots died under the plane of the United States, and we could not suffer a second time. Now, with the leadership of the * * * production party, we need to fight imperialism. At that time, everyone knew that there would be sacrifices in war, and it was glorious to die for the motherland. When I signed up, when I sang "The motherland needs us", I immediately picked up the gun and tears came down. The motherland needs us, and I must go.
My father's feelings are very complicated. He certainly doesn't agree with me to join the army, not because he doesn't believe in the * * * production party, but because he can't bear to part with his son. I am the only male in my family. I have no younger brother, just me and my sister. They don't want me to join the army. I joined the army in secret. When they know, I have sent back the family card of the revolutionary soldier. My father took my sister's gold clip with this and went to the headquarters of the Shanghai People's Liberation Army. He was wearing a gown, and when the troops were not allowed in, my father took out his things, and the leader told him where our troops were. We had arrived in Songjiang, and he rushed to Songjiang to see me. After being persuaded by our instructor, he was relieved later.
Prepare to go to the DPRK, and the army will dock.
There are four major divisions in the division headquarters, the division political department, the division cadre department (cadre management department) and the division logistics department. I'm from the Logistics Department. The director of the Logistics Department is Zhong Xiaosong, and the political commissar is Du Shaohua. We call the director the No.1 chief, and the political commissar the No.2 chief. Generally, there is one secretary in the chief's office, but our secretary is too busy, so we have two, one is in charge of receiving and sending (documents), and the other is in charge of statistics (grain and ammunition consumption, personnel loss). The office at the front row level is also equipped with a technical secretary. Here are one or two staff officers, and we only have one. There are two horses in the whole logistics department, and there are about five messengers to convey the news of the chief. I am the secretary of the head, and I basically take care of everything. The subordinate reports have to be reported and the head has to sign. If the chief is too busy, I will approve it. I will write the year, month and date, and the chief will write his name. Finally, I will seal it with the official seal. There are two official seals: one is the representative of the administration, and the logistics department of the 67 th division of the Volunteer Infantry is made; A round representative of the Party Committee, the Party Committee of the 67th Infantry Division of the Chinese Volunteer Army.
There are also quartermaster department, ordnance department, medicine department, shelter (healing and appeasement work), stretcher camp, basic protection engineering company (mainly to defend the warehouse) and cart company (transportation company; There are no cars, only mules and horses. Our whole division logistics doesn't have a car. Only the division headquarters has two jeeps, silver English jeeps, which were seized from the Kuomintang for the use of teachers and heads. Therefore, it is not easy for a backward agricultural country to defeat the world's first industrial country in this war, and it is worthy of our pride.
There is a secretarial section under the political department of the division, which directly supervises the work of the chief, drafts documents, and does whatever the chief asks; Organization department, responsible for the promotion and punishment of cadres; The cadre department, in charge of political cadres, often suffers casualties in wartime, and is divided with the organization department; Security section, responsible for internal management, weeding out traitors, there is a saying, "I am afraid that the security section will talk to you if I am not afraid"; Finally, the enemy engineering department is responsible for the work against the enemy, and there are English and Korean translators. In the Korean War, one is the political work against the enemy, and the other is the work of capturing the enemy's rear. These translators are all selected top students in the English department of colleges and universities, both men and women.
In July and August, we completed the preparation of the actual combat needs of our army and volunteers, so that it is convenient to dock when we arrive in North Korea. Our chief's office and other departments have handed over their counterparts with the 20 th Army of the Volunteers and completed the organizational preparations for going abroad to fight.
Departure: Grab a handful of soil from the motherland and cross the river.
1On August 7th, 952, we got on the train from Taicang, but all the cans were stuffy. After we entered, it was locked with a bang, only there was a hole over there. When I came down to Tangshan once, I was always on sentry duty, afraid that you would desert, not afraid of 10 thousand, but afraid of one thousand. One person deserted, and the head was disgraced. One person deserted shows that the ideological work of your army is not in place. So we came down to have a little meal and got on the bus again. I got off at Anton on August 3 1 and stayed at a Korean home until September 7, and there was a meeting in the middle, because I was the secretary of the chief, and I didn't participate in these links.
We crossed the Yalu River in the early morning of September 7th. Actually, I walked over the bridge. Although the bridge was bombed by the US military many times, it was still open to traffic. When I left, I grabbed a handful of dirt from the motherland, wrapped it in paper towels and put it in my backpack.
Crossing the Yalu River was very tense. Before it was dark, we saw Soviet anti-aircraft artillery units. I met a Soviet infantry and came to tell me "to resist US aggression and aid Korea".
At this time, our head came over and asked me to bring two chapters. One side is the Logistics Department of the 67th Division of the China People's Liberation Army, and the other is the Party Committee of the 67th Division of the Central Committee, which is round. These two chapters were handed in, and two chapters were handed out at the same time. One is the seal of the Logistics Department of the 67th Infantry Division in Chinese people's Volunteer Army, which is a square chapter, and the other is the Party Committee of the 67th Volunteer Division.
There are very strict regulations in the army. Even cadres at or above the company level, including the instructor company commander, can only be issued purses when they are instructors. Only cadres at or above the company level can be issued with purses, and there are no purses below the rank of the company. The chief wanted to come down to check the preparations and asked me how I was doing. I said, "Political commissar, give me these two chapters, and I can only put them in my backpack. I don't have a purse." The political commissar made a phone call: "Send a leather bag right away." In this way, I am super-compiled and super-equipped. I am not qualified to hang this purse, but the political commissar made an exception for me.
The March from September 7 to September 30 was very tired, and the leaders didn't sleep, and they didn't dare to sleep. You can only rest when marching. Usually marching in the evening, depending on the weather, it takes about 30 to 40 kilometers every day, and few people walk 50 kilometers. For the March of large troops, it is necessary to act as an advance party, that is, to send a few people out to scout the road ahead and report back. There are only a small number of transmitters in the front line for communication, and there is no phone call during the March, which is all delivered by a few horses of the communication soldier.
March: "I crossed the Shahe River 26 times one night."
We crossed the 38th parallel obliquely from the rear. My main work includes the above marching planning, such as where the troops are going today, but there are several units below us that need to refine the instructions and tell the chief. There is also the chief's camping notice, and the following camping report is about how many miles we have marched, including good discipline, whether there are any casualties, how everything is normal, where we have settled down, and if there are any problems, we will talk about them.
If you are injured, go to a shelter, which is a field hospital. There is also a basic protection engineering company. Isn't there someone to protect the warehouse? The bridge collapsed and needs to be repaired. These are the jobs of the basic protection engineering company. There is also a transport company, and we also call it a cart company. It is very pitiful that we want to stay in tears at the thought. How many cars do Americans have? We only have two jeep cards, which were captured in the war with the Kuomintang, not our own. At that time, these cars were not available for the Long March, and only divisional cadres could take this jeep card. The other divisions don't have a car, all of them are trolleys and mules and horses pull carts. Therefore, the transportation company is very bitter, the trolleys are very small, and the whole army has no modern equipment.
The journey of thousands of miles is coming to the end. One night, I passed the Shahe River 26 times. I was so impressed that I will never forget it. Everyone who has experienced it can say it accurately 26 times, because it is so impressive.
Our camp took Class C highway, and the mountain was very high. At that time, it was very difficult to build expressway, so we had to cross the water to get to the mountain over there. In fact, there is only one river, there is no bridge, and the water is very deep. If you want to get there, you can only keep walking through the water. The water is sometimes very deep, above the knee. Because this place is a Class C highway, we will bring the stones next to it to make it a little higher and easier to walk. Our division has three infantry regiments, an artillery regiment and a logistics department. Our carts don't even have cars, they are all trolleys, and horse-drawn carts all pass through the water. The shouts of carts, knocks and the cries of mules and horses were mixed together, and finally we helped the lesbians to tide over this difficulty together, which was very impressive.
Logistics: grain bombs should be loaded before, and then the wounded should be transferred.
Regarding the logistics organization, our Commander-in-Chief Zhu gave us an evaluation that half of the credit for the Korean War was logistics. Why? Because in the motherland, our local party organization mobilized the silver in the liberated areas, but in North Korea it is all up to us, so logistics is very important.
After arriving at the 38 th parallel, it is obvious that our logistics work can be summarized in several words: "The front should be loaded with grain", supplying food to the front-people to eat, ammunition-guns to eat; "After the wounded", we even joked with the cadres at the company level: "We will live in a dormitory in the future." Wash it with a white cloth, wrap it up, bury it and record it. There is a very important roster here, that is, there are several people in your army who have to report to the motherland. It is a very important matter and the focus of my work. If one dies, the name of this person will be erased from the roster, and where he is placed will be recorded. Every one of us, from the head to the cadres to the lowest-ranking soldiers, is a lovely person, and everyone who is missing should be noted down. The purpose of the roster is to know how many people there are in this unit, and do you want to add them?
The big villages in North Korea have been bombed by American planes, and there are no people at all. The villages are scattered. Therefore, many of our troops are camping, using square tarpaulins with holes, wrapped in metal, and can be threaded to build tents, tents and ponchos. Camping in March requires camping notice and camping report. The camping notice is the embodiment of the division's camping notice, including the destination, route, destination characteristics and matters needing attention, which will be conveyed by the division logistics department to the headquarters, shelters, stretcher camps and other departments everywhere. The camping report is a report to the superior on the situation after arriving at the destination, the unexpected events during the March, the ideological status of the troops, etc., and the report of the division logistics to the division headquarters and the division logistics units to the division logistics chief.
Once I went to the political department of the division for a meeting, which was held by the political commissar and the director of the logistics department, and I turned over several mountains. We had a meeting below, but the chief's office moved to the top, and the straw shed above was covered with rattan. It was green when it was put, and it turned yellow after a while, and it became a goal. More than a dozen people were injured that time, but no one died. Sometimes we all say that this is "the spirit of Marx in heaven".
The first lesbian who died in our logistics department, she was a quartermaster. While taking things outside the warehouse, the Americans dropped a bomb and hid it. When the plane saw something exposed in the tunnel, it was exposed, and another bomb was dropped, which killed her.
There are air defense posts at night, and there are air defense posts at high places along the way. When the plane comes, we can hear the sound. Our transportation company still has cars, and the lights are very bright. When we see the plane coming, we will "bang" a shot and all the lights will go out. We have nothing else. We just rely on people to come, stand high and listen far. The air defense whistle has made great contributions, and life is very boring. There is a lot of transportation at night. War consumes a lot. People have to eat, so do guns. We all have code names when we want to eat guns. For example, we reported how many bullets we needed to supply, how many bombs we called "peanuts" and "apples", all of which have code names, and now we have forgotten them. Although our division doesn't have a car, it is transported by car, and transported by cart, which supplies food continuously.
Winter in Jinpingli (1952 10/day-1 February 27th)
1952 1 October1Sunday to1February 27th, we crossed the rocky hills on the peninsula and went to the front. This piece has been bombed, and there may be American troops. The left and right air forces are bombing, and life is not guaranteed.
In this ravine where we live, the Woods are dense and the mountains are steep. We call accommodation untied, usually one door and one window. Make a curtain on the door to keep warm and windproof, and to avoid light at night. Outside the door, you can vaguely see the poem "You need to know the hardships of building a hole when you live in it", but you can't read it clearly at the back. It means that you should know the hardships of building this hole when you live in it. Basically, you have to dig it yourself, and the engineers will come and guide you. If you build it above, you have to build a kang below, because it is too cold, but in fact, the kang doesn't burn, because it needs firewood, and it will also produce fire. Most of the team are little girls and boys, and everyone calls them brother and sister, which basically means sleeping in a kang.
As a result of our hand-to-hand handover, the leaders of the 20 th Army came to our cave to express their condolences, explaining what we should pay attention to, how the Korean army was outside, how the US Air Force bombed, and invited us to have dinner and picked grapes on the mountain to make wine. 108 Our troops went out, and at the foot of the mountain, we heard the loudspeaker playing "heroic spirit" and "Korean song".
We take a bath in a petrol tank, dry the ground, put the water on, and the fire below will be hot. We gay men have no sound when taking a shower, while lesbians have a sound of "laughing" when taking a shower. Generally, we take a shower every half a month early, and the sun is warmer in winter to afternoon. Generally, we should not use firewood to burn and try to make less cigarettes. This life is like a dream. A lesbian joined the army in Ningbo. It is said that she joined the army because she was dissatisfied with the marriage arrangement at home. Later, she died. I wrote a tombstone for her. This is the only person who has written a tombstone in my life. But I didn't write it down in my diary, so I can't remember her name, except that she sings very well. When there is no large-scale performance at the front, they sing and stand-up cross talk. As long as they sing, no matter whether they sing well or not, everyone cheers, because life is too boring. At that time, there was no broadcast. Only through the People's Daily could we know the situation of the motherland. When we saw the People's Daily, we heard the voice of the motherland. It represented the party. People's Daily can usually be delivered in two or three days, and you can see a batch in three or five days. There will be a plane bombing when it is delivered. Volunteer Junbao is a little more timely, and Xinhua Telecom is usually for the heads of regiments, but it will pass through my hand, so I can read a little. I read books and newspapers when I am free.
Spring in the field (1New Year's Day-May, 953 18)
1952 I slept during the March, and it was 1953. We are in the center of the 38th parallel, Pingkang County. The battle in Laotou Mountain is fierce. Laotou Mountain used to be Shangganling, and the middle of the 38th parallel is a very important place. We can say that it is 100% stable and difficult to break through. This landform, the mountain is very high, we live in a ravine, we can't get in from the outside, the artillery can't come in, the head is in the sunny side, and we are in the shady side. In order to save our lives, we work in such a situation. There is a steel plate under the artillery calibrator, which flies very low and slowly. We call it the "old patient". It is very bad. The artillery is coming and directing, and it is playing tightly and irregularly. It is not a fixed time shelling. When it is close, it hears the sound of hush, and then it hears a beep.
Our detachable shelter has only one door and one window, here is our kang, and below is the bed. We use containers and cans as tables. It's very cold, it's a few degrees below zero, because we're the chief's office, and the chief called the quartermaster's office to send charcoal to burn the firewood, so we can't put a lot of smoke. We don't burn it at night, and the fire is too strong. We always keep ourselves warm during the day, and only the kang road in front can use alcohol lamps. The compressed biscuits you eat will loosen as soon as you bake them on a charcoal fire, and the snow made outside will be put in a jar and boiled. We only eat two meals a day for air defense, one before dawn, and one before dark. The comrades below are hungry, but our logistics is very hard, although we don't fight. I told the chief that it was changed to three meals later.
On one occasion, the engineering company below us seized US dollars, and we handed in all the carbine, some bullets and some high-grade food such as chocolate that fell from the plane.
In March, the enemy shelled, and before the attack, the war was very fierce. As soon as the gun was fired, it came rushing over. When the gun missed, smoke rose over the Woods, with an old patient on it. I tried my best to run inside, and the blood of Pangkechang, the management section chief in Mizoguchi, was flowing downwards, constantly calling outsiders to evacuate. There was still a correspondent comrade Wang Qi who was broken and scolded while running. Other times when there was shelling, a little girl from North Korea, about six or seven years old, ran over and we pulled her into the crater. She was so scared that we all comforted her.
About March and April, Eisenhower came to power and began to have sex with us more and more fiercely. The political commissar of the 200 th regiment, Luo Jun, died. Chen Zhimin, our monitor, also died heroically. His family had no money. He was the only one who went to high school. He was honest. He was the monitor and I was the vice monitor. He was like a big brother. His sacrifice was cruel to me, and my eyes filled with tears. There is also a martyr named Chen Zhi, who is very famous. He attacked many times and was killed by enemy bombing. One of his guns was handed over to the museum. His heroic deeds are many and his reputation is very high.
Once before dawn, the bomb fell to the bottom of the ditch and didn't explode. I called the engineer company to take out the explosives inside. In such a dangerous situation, we don't have explosives, and America brought them to us. Another time I was in command at night, and I finally slept. As a result, I was awakened and ran out immediately. One of our liaison officers, Lao Pu, saw a piece of black pressure on the other side outside. As a result, enemy planes swooped down on us and machine guns strafed down. I ran as hard as I could and ran into a cat's ear hole. We sacrificed many people in this raid. I thought that today I was going to succeed in the revolution, and I was going to sacrifice. As a result, my ancestors accumulated virtue and survived.
On one occasion, the leaders all went out, leaving me and a female comrade, named Pan Hong, older than me. We were guarding the telephone, and the enemy planes roared in the sky. When they saw our valley, they blew it up. We supported it with our hands to prevent the chest from touching the ground and the internal organs from being damaged when the bomb landed. The weapons of the United States are relatively advanced, and China is only an agricultural country, but the gap is still too big. That time, it was really Marx's spirit in heaven, and he survived despite his injuries.
Sister Pan Hong's family once sent her a copy of Selected Works of Pushkin, which was quite popular in that year, and everyone rushed to read it. There are a lot of letters of condolence from the motherland to the DPRK. I still remember the letter of condolence written to me by an overseas Chinese girl Lin Minying from Indonesia.
At that time, * * * Youth League members and * * * party member all had their own temporary letters of introduction in wartime, in order to prevent them from being in a coma and unable to speak in the battle, and to prove their identity by this paper. In addition, when the military cap is issued, the unit, name and blood type will be printed on the white lining cloth inside the cap, and everyone will fill it in for injury.
We have received some enemy leaflets and small newspapers to promote us. The leaflet depicts a volunteer soldier with sixteen bayonets stabbed at him, with the caption: Can you defeat more than a dozen people by yourself? This is wishful thinking. Our soldiers usually tear them up or give them to instructors. This is the spring in the field, mainly the battle at the front. We live under the enemy's fire for 24 hours, and our life is very hard.
Summer in Daxiu Cave (1May 953 19-August 6)
This is the summer when I transferred from the logistics department of the division to the political department of the division. There is a small river called Peng Anchuan. When it rains, the river is full of red and yellow water, so there is no way to cross the river where the flood breaks out. There is a hill next to the village, a tunnel in the east (cadre department), a tunnel in the west (secretarial department), and a deputy director of the political department, Jiang, who lives there. On the other side of Sichuan, a tunnel is the headquarters, which can be seen. It is very safe. Our tunnel is not as short as the front. Outside the tunnel are orderlies, correspondents, receivers and typists, about three or four. The fifth one is me. I am a secretary. My feet are facing outward, my head is facing inward, and there is a telephone hanging on the wall. Generally, the secretary who answers the phone, the section chief of the secretarial section and the typist who keeps the class, are called Zeng Ye and Ye Cong. The situation in the cadre department is not clear. The headquarters is a military command, and we are a political command. Relatively speaking, this place is very safe.
We held a model meeting (hero model meeting) to inspire our fighting spirit. I came to our group, and I told the heroic story of "Zoya and Shula". The backbone of the regiment expressed their feelings, and then they mobilized us to dig wild vegetables. Because we didn't eat vegetarian dishes at night, we mobilized our members and villagers to write a joint letter. On that day, the water was still relatively heavy, and lesbians used baskets to send things to frontline soldiers.
I caught many American prisoners in the big show cave, gave them some steamed bread and some water and sent them back.
The Story of Zoya and Shula. Mr. Zhong recorded his feelings of reading "The Story of Zoya and Shula" twice in his diary, and this story has become his spiritual support on the Korean battlefield.
When crossing the river, I carried a foreign spade too heavy. Later, I didn't want it. When I saw that there were two pairs of coarse socks in my backpack, I didn't wear them. I thought it was too heavy to carry, so I put it under the kang of the Korean people and let them wear it.
No.2 Chief Chen Zhengwei called me and said that there was a truce in Korea, so that the political commissar of the three regiments would cherish peace and be willing to fight without fear of pain. It should be supported by the victory of the war, and there is no benefit without the victory of the war. (Instructions) It should be conveyed to every soldier's ears quickly, and everyone should understand that only by fighting can there be peace. We all have the common sense of Marxism-Leninism and know that the essence of imperialism is war.
At 10 o'clock in North Korea time and 9 o'clock in Beijing time, the guns were still rumbling when the armistice time was approaching. At that time, there was really no sound, and we all jumped for joy. Any peace is bought back by people. I am glad that I can return to China safely. The political commissar called back and informed the political commissar instructor below to let the soldiers write home, saying that the truce was over, we had a great victory, and we were still safe.
The art troupe who came back from the front line, the English translator of the enemy engineering department, told us what the front line was like, bringing an accordion, a harmonica and a happy tune. When there was a truce, we sang and danced. On the second day, we told the Korean people that there was a victory and a truce, and they were very happy to sing and dance.
Twenty-five years of grievances
I made a third-class merit in North Korea and a fourth-class merit in China. Class IV is very simple. As long as you don't make mistakes and do everything positively, then you have achieved Class IV. It is not easy to get a third-class merit in North Korea, and it is helpful for me to join the party. He has done remarkable work in the front sewing machine and was rated as a third-class merit. The conditions for third-class merit are very harsh. You won't win third-class merit just because the chief says you won't. To discuss this matter with everyone, whether he is qualified or not must be decided in the party branch first, because he has to follow the mass line. If someone below says something bad about you, it will not pass. Generally speaking, more people pass, and less people don't. In North Korea, it is very difficult to get a third-class merit in government work, which is no better than being in the front line. You must work hard and finish the tasks assigned to you by the chief on time. The front line is to see how many enemies you have killed. If you blow up the tank, it is also possible to make a second-class merit. It is difficult to make a third-class achievement in the rear work.
After the armistice, I was expelled from the party because of unjust, false and wrong cases, and I could no longer stay in the army. I chose to retire myself. I have my own selfishness, because I was later transferred to the headquarters of the Volunteers, knowing that the direction of changing jobs is Xinjiang. I think I will go to Xinjiang. My parents are both in their fifties, and I have only one son. I think I'd better be demobilized. I graduated from normal school, and I can make a living by teaching. In addition, I think Huzhou is a good place, and I don't want to leave, so I decided not to retire from work. I came back from demobilization and wrote a novella.
I was expelled from the party because of unjust, false and wrong cases, and went to appeal. I was expelled from the party when I was twenty-five years old, and I was rehabilitated after twenty-five years. At the age of twenty-five to fifty, I resumed my party membership and jointly calculated the party age. Now speaking, I have been an old party member for more than 60 years, and now I am very satisfied.
(This article is the result of the western project of the National Social Science Fund "Research on Chinese people's Volunteer Army's Garrison in North Korea (1953- 1958)" and the project "Oral Interview and Diary Arrangement of Volunteer Veteran Zhong Yi" of the College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, which was authorized by the project team to start by The Paper. Project instructor Tian Wuxiong, team participants: Shi Xinyu, Yang Runxue, Shi Yaqi and Wang Yanlong. )
Proofreading: Zhang Liangliang