However, there are many kinds of laxatives, and their action principles, curative effects and adverse reactions are different, so the choice should be different. Commonly used laxatives are as follows:
Lubricating laxatives are commonly used in glycerol, liquid paraffin, castor oil, Maren Runchang pills and so on. Most of these drugs are inorganic mineral oil, which can prevent intestinal water absorption after use and easily soften feces through intestinal cavity, and are suitable for the elderly after myocardial infarction or perianal disease surgery. However, long-term use of these drugs will affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, and also cause anal pruritus and osteomalacia. Therefore, such drugs should not be used for a long time.
Commonly used irritant laxatives include bisacodyl (Bucetin), Senna Leaf, Phenolphthalein (Fruit Guide), Glycerol Suppository, Kaisailu, Xinqingning Tablet and Compound Aloe Capsule (Tongbianling), all of which are laxatives that the elderly prefer to use. The principle of action of these drugs is to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, prevent intestinal fluid from being absorbed, increase the secretion of water and electrolyte, lubricate intestinal wall and soften stool. However, some drugs contain chemical components called anthraquinones. After long-term use, there is melanin deposition under the colon mucosa, which is easy to form black lesions of the colon. Although this irritating laxative can defecate about 6 hours after use, long-term use will damage the rectal muscle plexus and make the rectum weak.
Commonly used hypertonic laxatives include domick solution, lactulose, magnesium sulfate and polyethylene glycol. It is a mixed electrolyte solution that does not absorb sugar. After use, it can not be absorbed by the stomach, but can completely reach the colon, and then decompose into monosaccharides, which are in the state of low molecular weight organic acids. The increase of acidity is conducive to the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, thus stimulating colon peristalsis, increasing osmotic pressure, moving water into the intestinal cavity to increase fecal moisture, and thus making the stool soft.
Commonly used expansive laxatives include plantain cellulose preparation (Kancel), Jinguweiwang, etc. This kind of medicine contains cellulose or its derivatives, which has the characteristics of strong hydrophilicity and water absorption and swelling, and can make feces absorb water and increase its volume, thus promoting colon peristalsis and excreting feces.
Commonly used laxatives, such as cisapride (Prebos) and mosapride (gastrin). The main function of these drugs is to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and achieve the purpose of defecation.
Among the above five kinds of laxatives, constipation patients can choose reasonably according to their own specific conditions. Generally speaking, constipation can be relieved or disappeared quickly as long as medication is taken in time. Some people have fecal impaction because they didn't use laxatives in time. At this time, low enema should be used to soften the fecal mass and make it easy to discharge. But for those particularly hard anal dung blocks, it is often necessary to dig them by hand. There is also a skill to dig the dung block with your fingers, that is, first use a little paraffin oil to keep enema, apply a little lidocaine on your finger sleeve, then gently separate the dung block, and then enema it with clear water for 2 ~ 3 times to completely discharge the dung block. After that, patients should use some normal saline laxatives or anal suppository softeners to prevent fecal impaction from happening again. During bed rehabilitation after illness, patients should do more exercises such as abdominal breathing and levator ani movement, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables appropriately to effectively prevent constipation.