Grapes belong to (Ampelidecese) family, and all wine grape varieties belong to (Vitis) of (Ampelidecese) 10 families and genera, among which (Vitis Vinifera) is the most important, because 99.99% of the world's wines are brewed with (Vitis Vinifera) grape varieties. Vitis Vinifera is a variety used to make good wine in Europe at present. There are more than 8,000 grape varieties that can make wine in the world, but there are only about 50 grape varieties that can make good wine, which can be roughly divided into two kinds: white grape and red grape. White grapes, colors are turquoise, yellow and so on. Mainly used for brewing sparkling wine and white wine. Red grapes are black, blue, purplish red and deep red in color, and some of them are dark in flesh, and some of them are colorless like white grapes. Therefore, red grapes with white flesh can be peeled and squeezed to make white wine, for example, (Pinot Noir) can be used to make champagne and white wine.
1 Cabernet Sauvignon
English name (Cabernet Sauvignon) Cabernet Sauvignon. Alias Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon have strong flavor. Used to be the famous snow Warsaw and Sauvignon. Originated in France, it is a traditional fine variety for brewing red wine in Bordeaux, France. All the countries that produce wine in the world have a large area of cultivation. China was first introduced by Yantai Changyu Company in 1892. It is the largest red grape variety in China at present. This variety is easy to grow and brew, has strong adaptability and high quality wine, and can be made into rich and heavy red wine, which is suitable for long-term storage. However, it must be blended with other varieties (such as Merlot) and stored in oak barrels to obtain high-quality wine. It is also called "Three Beads" with Pinlizhu and Snake Dragon Beads in China. In Changli, Hebei Province, the planting area is the largest, and grapes perform best.
2. Pinlizhu
English name (Cabenet Franc) Cabernet Fran. Alias Carmen knight, original seed Cabernet. Originated in France, it is an ancient wine-making variety in Bordeaux and Loire, France, and a sister variety of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon. China first introduced 1892 from western Europe to Yantai, Shandong. This variety is a world-famous and ancient variety of red wine. It is fruity, light and soft, and most of it can't be stored for a long time. Its wine quality is not as good as that of Cabernet Sauvignon and its adaptability is not as good as that of Cabernet Sauvignon. Usually paired with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. In recent years, more and more Cabernet Fran single varieties of wines have appeared in California.
3. Merlot
English name (Merlot). Alias Meilu juice. Originated in France, it cooperates with other famous varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon) to produce excellent dry red wine in Bordraux, France. China first introduced 1892 from western Europe to Yantai, Shandong. This variety is an ancient French wine-making variety, which is used as a blending to improve the fruit aroma and color of wine.
4. Jiali Brewing
English name (Carignane). Alias Jiali wine, French red, Cabernet Sauvignon and fine wine. Originated in Spain, it is one of the ancient fine wine-making varieties in western European countries. China first introduced 1892 from western Europe to Yantai, Shandong. The brewed wine is ruby red, with positive taste and good aroma, which is suitable for blending with other varieties. Peeling can make white or pink wine, which is easy to cultivate and yield, and can be used for blending red wine and making brandy.
5. Pinocchio
English name (Pinot Noir) Pi Nuo Nova. Alias Pinot Noir, Pinot Noir, Black Pi Nuo, etc. Originated in France, it is an ancient famous wine-making species. China was first introduced from western Europe to Yantai, Shandong in 1892, and from Japan to Changli, Hebei in 1936. This variety is the main variety of famous French champagne and pink wine. It is precocious, thin-skinned, low in pigment and low in yield. It is suitable for colder regions. It has strict requirements on soil and climate. It can make dry white wine, white wine and very good sparkling wine by peeling fermentation, and it is one of the most important grape varieties of champagne. The wine is not dark in color and suitable for long storage. This is a very difficult grape variety to grow and brew, which is called a headache in wineries in California. The best growing area of this delicate noble grape variety is Burgundy, where it has the best performance. At the same time, red wine from Burgundy may be the most luxurious and expensive wine in the world. It is full of fragrance, rich in fruit fragrance when young (some people jokingly call it horse urine flavor) and berry flavor such as strawberry and cherry. When it matures, it is rich in variety, with spices, animals and leather fragrance, and it is mature and aging, with a sweet and very pleasing taste. In Germany, it is called Spatburgun der, which is mainly used to produce light, soft and early-maturing red wine. It has also performed well in California, Ohio, Austria and New Zealand.
5. Snake Dragon Ball
English name (Cabernet Gernischt). Originated in France, introduced in 1892.
6. Jiali Brewing
English name (Carignan). It was once brewed with a famous wine. Originally from France, it was introduced in 19 15.
7. Shensuo
English name (Sinsaut). Originally from France, it was introduced in 1980.
8. Jiamei
English name (Gamay) Jiamei or Jiamei. Once used the name black Jiamei, red Jiamei. Originally from France, it was introduced in 1978. It is an important grape variety in the south of Burgundy and the Loire region of France, accounting for more than half of the production of Burgundy red wine. Generally, you should drink it while it is fresh. However, if it is produced in Braujolais Cru, such as Moulin-A-Vent, the red wine produced there can also be Fang Chen. It is characterized by low tannin, rich fruity aroma and beautiful light purplish red color. It often smells of pears and violets, especially Braurjolais Nouveau, which often smells of pears, bananas and bubble gum. It is one of the best choices for beginners, with low astringency, high fruity aroma and easy to eat after being cold.
9. Gehenna
English name (Grenache). Used to be Glenn Nash. Originally from Spain, it was introduced in 1980.
10, Merlot
English name (Merlot). Originated in France, introduced in 1892. As one of the great red wine varieties in Bordeaux, it has a large yield and early maturity, rich fruity aroma, low acidity and supple tannins, which can be drunk early or stored for a long time. It is quite suitable for drinkers with urgent personality.
1 1, yayoi
English name (Mission). Originally from Spain.
12, Nebiolo
English name (Nebbiolo) Nebiolo. Used to be named Na Bihoreau. Originally from Italy, it was introduced in 198 1 year. It is a late-maturing variety with high fruit acid, high pigment, high tannin. Mainly distributed in Piedmont, among which Barolo and Barbaresco are the most famous producing areas. The quality of the wine can be comparable to that of first-class Bordeaux red wine. The wine is as deep as a cup of tea, rich in flavor and strong in taste, with the aroma of clove, pepper, licorice, plum, dried plum, rose and bitter chocolate, which is very suitable for long-term storage.
13, with more flavor
English name (Petit Verdot). Once used the name Wei Tianzi. Originally from France. 1892.
14, gems
English name (Ruby Cabernet). Once used the famous gem Baina. Originated in America, introduced in 1980.
15, Sangiovese
English name (Sangiovese) Sangiovese. Originally from Italy, it was introduced in 198 1 year. Mainly planted in central Italy (Tuscany), among which Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano are the most famous. Less pigment, high acidity, high tannin, the type of wine is simple and refreshing, but also strong and rich, with the taste of tobacco and spices.
16, Sila
English name (Syrah/Shiraz) Shiha. Originally from France, it was introduced in 1980. It is mainly planted in the Longhe region of southern France, and it is also the most important variety in Australia. Suitable for warm climate, it can brew wine with deep black color, rich fragrance and strong and spicy taste. When young, it is dominated by flowers (especially violets) and berries, and when mature, there will be peppers, cloves, leather and animals. The aging ability is no less than Cabernet Sauvignon.
17, Zengfangde
English name (Zinfandel) Jin Fendai. Originally from Italy, but found in the United States, it was introduced in 1980. Only California in the world has developed it to the fullest. It can be said that things have "exhausted" their uses. In California, it can brew many different types of wine, from light, fresh, fruity and sweet White Zinfandel to high-quality, storage-resistant, rich and rich red wine, from sparkling wine to non-sparkling wine, and even sweet red wine, which can be said to be an acting school in grapes.
Second, the types, classification and nutritional value of wine
Wine is the general name of all kinds of wines with an alcohol content of not less than 7%(V/V) made from fresh grapes or grape juice by yeast fermentation. According to the color of wine, wine can be divided into three categories: red wine, white wine and pink wine, but it is difficult to see pink wine in the market. According to the sugar content of wine, it is divided into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. According to the pressure of carbon dioxide in wine, wine includes still wine, sparkling wine, fortified wine, grape sparkling wine and added wine.
The quality of French wines can be divided into: Vins de Table, Vins de Pays, VDQS: Vins de Imites de Quealite Supnieeure and AOC：Appellation d, ongin Controlee.
German wine is divided into: daily drinking table wine (landwein &; Tafelwein), QbA for short, and QmP for short.
American wines can be divided into: subsidiary wines, Proprietary Wine and grape wine.
Burgundy wines are classified as: regional wines, and only the producing areas such as Bourgogne and village-level wines are marked. The names of villages such as (Chablis Macon Village), (Cham bolle-Musigny) and first-class wines will be marked on the wine labels, and the names of villages and vineyards or ("ler Gru"), ("Premier Cru") and. This kind of wine does not indicate the name of the village, and sometimes it is not labeled ("Grand Cru"). Usually, it only indicates the name of the vineyard, such as (Montrachet), (Musigny) and (La Tache).
Italian wines are classified into: Vind da Tavola, Doc: Denominazione de origin controlled wine, and Doc: Denominazione de origin controlled garantita.
Wine is a beverage wine brewed from grape juice (pulp) by fermentation. It contains not only the nutrition of grape fruit, but also the beneficial components produced in the fermentation process. Studies have proved that wine contains more than 200 kinds of nutrients beneficial to human body, including sugar, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, inorganic salts, etc. These ingredients are necessary for human body and are essential for maintaining normal growth and metabolism of human body. In particular, resveratrol, a phenolic substance contained in wine, is a research feature in recent years. It has the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-aging, prevention of coronary heart disease and cancer prevention. Drinking wine in moderation every day, the death rate of heart disease is 30% of that of non-drinkers, and the probability of dementia and premature senility dementia is 25% of that of non-drinkers.
Three, wine color, flavor varieties
There are excellent varieties for brewing tone (dyed) wine, including Yan74, Late Red Honey, Red Juice Dew, Bako and so on. Among them, Yan74 originated in China, and was bred by crossing Zibeisai and Hamburg Moschus by Changyu Company in 1966. Now it is widely cultivated in Jiaodong Peninsula. Yan74 is the best color-matching variety at present, with deep and bright color, which is not easy to precipitate after long-term aging. Red juice dew is also native to China, and is bred by crossing Merlot and Weierduo. The finished wine is deep ruby red, mellow and pure in taste, and the pigment is not easy to precipitate after aging, and the aftertaste is positive, so it is especially suitable for color matching.
Fourth, the naming of wine
1, regional nomenclature
Most of the ancient wine-producing regions in Europe are named in this way. For example, Bordeanx, France, and its famous producing areas such as Medoc, St. Emilion and Pomero；; ), Sauterens, Grayes, Burgundy and Chablis, Beaujolais and Nuits-St-George under their jurisdiction,
There are also Italian barolo (Brolo), Barbaresco (Barbaresco), Asti (Asti) and CHIANTI, German Pisport (Piesporter) and Johannisberg.
2, grape variety naming method
In many countries, wines are named after grape varieties, which is easy to distinguish. This naming method is mostly adopted by emerging wine-producing areas such as Australia, California and America, such as Fume Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon,
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and of course, the wine-producing regions in Europe are also named after grape varieties. For example, the wines in Alsace are named after grape varieties, such as Riesling.
3, winery or wine merchants name naming method
Some wineries name their wines after their own factory names, such as (Ch. Margaux), (Ch. Lafite. Ch. Latour), (ch. Montenegro), (Niebaum Coppala Rubicon), (Dominus) and (Opus one).
4, trademark (exclusive brand) naming method
Many wine merchants create their own brands with their goodwill and history, such as Pigalle and Mommessin in De Luze.
(Cuvee Saint Piere), (Crrusei), (Selection), (Opusone) Antinori, (Antinori), (Tignanello), (Solaia), (Rossj-Bass) and (Goja &; Rey), (Damagi), (Montesodi) of (Frescobaldi), (Casc23) of (Stag's Leap), etc.
5. Other naming methods
Generic wines, such as California, Australia, Spain and other places, use famous European wine-producing areas on the wine label, such as (Burgundy),
(Chablis), (Rhine), etc., and colors, such as (Rose) and (Claret), etc. These wines are cheap and large-scale daily table wines.
V. Grape producing areas in China and the world.
China grape producing area
In China's vast area of 250~450 north latitude, there are distinctive grape and wine producing areas. However, due to the specific ecological environment required for grape growth and the differences in regional economic development, these producing areas are small and scattered, and most of them are in the east of China.
1, Northeast origin
Including the foothills of Changbai Mountain and the Northeast Plain south of 45℃ north latitude. It is extremely cold here in winter, with the temperature ranging from-30℃ to 40℃ and the annual accumulated active temperature of 2567~
The temperature is 2779℃, the precipitation is 635~679mm, and the soil is chernozem, which is fertile. In the cold climate in winter, European grapes can't survive, and wild Vitis amurensis has become the main variety cultivated here because of its strong cold resistance.
2. Origin of Bohai Bay
Including Changli in the northern half of North China, hilly and mountainous areas in Jixian County, Binhai District in Tianjin, hilly areas in the northern part of Shandong Peninsula and Daze Mountain. Because it is close to Bohai Bay and influenced by the ocean, it is rich in heat and rainfall. The annual accumulated temperature is 3756~4 174℃ and the annual precipitation is 560 ~ 670 mm. The soil types are complex, including sandy soil, coastal saline-alkali soil and brown soil. Superior natural conditions make it the most famous wine grape producing area in China, including Cabernet Sauvignon in Changli, Rose Fragrance in Tianjin Binhai, Chardonnay, Guirenxiang, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot in Shandong Peninsula.
Grapes such as merlot, Jiali wine and white jade are famous in China. Bohai Bay is the producing area with the largest planting area and the best variety of wine grapes in China. The output of wine accounts for 1/2 of the total national output.
3, Shacheng origin
Including Xuanhua, Zhuolu and Huailai in Hebei. It is located in the north of the Great Wall, with abundant sunshine, moderate heat, large temperature difference between day and night, cool summer, dry climate and less rainfall. The annual accumulated temperature is 3532℃ and the annual precipitation is 4 13mm. The soil is cinnamon soil, sandy and hilly, which is very suitable for grape growth. Longan and milk grape are the specialties here. In recent years, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and other world famous wine-making varieties have been promoted.
4, Qingxu origin
Including Fenyang, Yuci and the northwest mountainous area of Qingxu in Shanxi, where the climate is cool and the sunshine is sufficient, the annual accumulated temperature is 3000~3500℃, the precipitation is 445mm, and the soil is loam, sandy loam and gravel. Grapes are cultivated in mountainous areas and are deeply colored. Longan in Qingxu is a local specialty. In recent years, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot have also been used for brewing.
5. Origin of Yinchuan
Including the vast alluvial plain at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, where the climate is dry and the temperature difference between day and night is large, the annual active accumulated temperature is 3298~335 1℃, the annual precipitation is 180~200mm, the soil is sandy loam with gravel, and the soil layer is 30~ 100mm. This is the largest wine grape base newly developed in northwest China, mainly planting world wine varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
6, Wuwei origin
Including Wuwei, Minqin, Gulang, Zhangye and other counties and cities on the edge of Tengger Desert, it is also a new wine producing area on the Silk Road in China. The climate here is cool and dry, with annual active accumulated temperature of 2800~3000℃ and annual precipitation of 1 10mm. Due to the lack of heat and cold winter, it is suitable for the growth of early and middle maturity grape varieties. In recent years, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and other varieties have been developed.
7. Turpan producing area
Including Shanshan River and Hongliu River in Turpan Basin, which are 300 meters below sea level, surrounded by mountains, with frequent hot air and extremely high temperature in summer.
Above 45℃, the annual active accumulated temperature is 5319℃; Rainfall is scarce, only 16.4mm throughout the year. This is the production and drying base of seedless white grapes in China. More than ten years ago, Guo Qichang, a famous wine expert, tried to plant wine grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Gehenna, Syrah and Syringa here. Although the glucose is high, the acidity is low, the flavor is insufficient, and the quality of dry wine is poor. The sweet wine produced has the characteristics of the western regions and the quality is still good.
8. Origin of the Old Yellow River
Including Xiaoxian County in Anhui Province, Lankao County in Henan Province and Minquan County, where the climate is hot, the annual accumulated temperature is 4000~4590℃, and the annual precipitation is more than 800mm, which is concentrated in summer, so the grapes grow vigorously, the diseases are serious and the quality is low. In recent years, the newly developed wine-making bases of some wineries have basically controlled the epidemic of diseases by introducing late-maturing varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and improving cultivation techniques, and the quality of grapes is expected to be improved.
9. Yunnan's high origin
Including Maitreya, Dongchuan, Yongren and Panzhihua on the Jinsha River at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, where the altitude of Yunnan Plateau is1500m, the soil is mostly red soil and brown soil. The climate here is characterized by abundant sunshine, abundant heat and timely precipitation. There is an obvious dry season from10 ~1month of last year to June of the following year, with precipitation of 329mm (Maitreya, Yunnan) and 100mm (Panzhihua, Sichuan), which is suitable for the growth and development of wine grapes. Using the natural advantage of dry season, a unique microclimate, to cultivate Eurasian grapes has become a major feature of grape cultivation in Southwest China. The above nine producing areas were gradually formed after decades of development, which constructed the basic framework of wine grape producing areas in China in 2 1 century.
World grape producing areas
1, FRANCE
Bordeaux: Someone once said, "If you don't drink Bordeaux wine, you can't become a wine expert." Bordeaux wine is famous all over the world. Red wine is not strong or weak, delicate and does not have too strong alcohol flavor. The color is mostly beautiful ruby color, and the best red wine has the characteristics of getting better with age. The main producing areas are Medoc, St-Emilion, Pomerol, Graves and sauterne.
Burgundy/Bourgogne: The difference from Bordeaux is that most Bordeaux wines are made from several different grape varieties, while almost all Burgundy wines are made from the same grape variety; In addition, in Bordeaux, the so-called (Grang Cru) premium wine is formulated by 1855Medoc Grang Cru grading system (of course, St-Emilion and Graves have also formulated the so-called Grang Cru), while the premium wine in Burgundy is formulated according to the vineyards in the producing areas. The main producing areas are: Chablis, the golden hillside, that is, the Goethe district (Cote dor is further divided into Cote de Nuit, Cote de Beaune), Maconnais and Beaujolais.
2, ITALY
The most famous and prolific areas in Italy are: Piemonte, among which (Barolo Barbaresco) is the most famous; Veneto, represented by Amarone Valpolicella and Soave; Tosecana and Chianti are its famous brands. The famous representatives are (Vino Nobile di Montepulcaino) and (Brunello di Monta-lcino).
3. SPANISH
Spain is the country with the largest grape planting area in the world, but the least average grape area, ranking third in the world in terms of alcohol production. Spanish wine gives the world the feeling of being as "popular" as Italian wine. Only in the 1970s did Spain have its own "AOC", namely: (Instituto Nacional de denominacioe de Origen), or DO for short, which stipulated the origin and quality of wine. Rioja is the "Bordeaux" of Spain. Due to aphids in the19th century, many grape growers who were originally in Bordeaux moved far away from their homes to Rioja to rebuild their vineyards and re-brew, so Bordeaux-type wines were mainly produced here, but the grape varieties and wines were different in Fang Chen. 199 1 year, Doc (Denomination de origin calificada) which is stricter than DO was established.
4. AUSTRALIA
Australia, with good soil conditions and stable climate, is an excellent emerging producing area. Its wine production accounts for 2% of the world, about 55 million cases, and nearly 30% is exported. Originally, it was mainly used to produce fortified alcoholic wine, but in recent thirty years, it has been changed to mass production of non-sweet general table wine. Because it is located in the southern hemisphere, the season is just the opposite to that in the northern hemisphere, and the grape harvest period is February and March every year, so it is listed half a year earlier than the wines produced in Europe and America. It is not surprising if you buy Australian wines of that year in that year. The most distinctive wine in Australia is Blend Wine, which has the courage to innovate and boldly try to use the blending methods that have never been tried before, such as Caberent and Syrah to blend excellent wines. In addition It also produces very good fortified wine. Of course, it also produces many excellent wines, such as Syrah and Grange Hermitage. Others, such as Caberent Sauyignon, Chardonnay and Semillon, also have outstanding performances.
5. GERMANY
Germany * * * has 13 specific grape growing areas, mostly in the southwest, which are located in high latitudes. The sunshine is insufficient and the summer is short, so 80% of the vineyards are located on the hillside facing the river in order to absorb more sunshine. The main specific vineyards are concentrated in Mosel and Rhen areas. Generally speaking, Moser's wine has strong acidity and is refreshing; The wine in the Rhine is rich.
6. AMERICA, USA
The United States is the largest wine-producing country in America, and it is also a big country in wine science and technology. With its unique geographical location, stable climate, advanced technology and superb marketing techniques, it has become an emerging excellent wine-producing area in the international market in just 30 years. Among them, the wine produced in California ranks first in the United States in terms of quality and quantity. California wine accounts for about 90% of the total production in the United States, and its grape cultivation is mainly distributed in the central valley and the southern coast, among which Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley on the north coast are the most famous, and most famous wineries are here. In recent years, the United States has also formulated a set of so-called legal grape growing areas with reference to European regional control laws.
7. SOUTH AMERICA (omitted)
Sixth, the collocation of wine and wine glasses
To appreciate the color, aroma and taste of wine, a correct and suitable wine glass is very important, and it is used to deliver wine to the mouth. A good wine glass should be thin, unpatterned, colorless and transparent, and have high feet. At the same time, in order to make the wine breathe comfortably, the capacity of the glass must be large enough; On the other hand, when the wine is shaken, the aroma can concentrate on the mouth of the cup. Drink red wine with Bordeaux glasses (like tulip bulbs or newly blooming lotus flowers) and Burgundy glasses (with a narrow mouth like a plant bulb). The goblet for wine tasting should be colorless and transparent, with a tulip-shaped body, a slightly narrowed mouth, and a thin wall. The long handle allows fingers to gently grip the goblet, so as not to print handprints on the cup body, which will affect the transparency of wine observation, and at the same time, avoid transmitting the temperature of hands to the cup.
The diameter of the mouth of a standard wine glass is 46±2mm, the widest part of the glass body is 65 2mm, the cup length is1001mm, the cup wall diameter is 0.81mm, the cup handle length is 491mm, and the cup bottom diameter is 65 2mm.
Seven, wine and food collocation
Wine is a kind of table wine, especially dry wine, which is usually drunk at meals or banquets. Because of the different characteristics of wine, it can be scientifically matched with dishes to better reflect the sensory style of wine. Dry red wine is ruby red in color, beautiful and pleasing to the eye, full-bodied and full-bodied. Because it contains certain phenols and high dry extract, it will be better enjoyed with braised pork, steak, chicken, duck and other meat dishes. On the one hand, dry red wine can relieve the greasy feeling of meat, and make the taste of dishes more intense. At the same time, due to the beautiful color of dry red wine, the festive atmosphere of friends' gathering is increased. Red wine with red meat conforms to the rules of cookery itself, and the combination of tannins in wine and protein in red meat makes digestion begin almost immediately. Although fresh salmon, swordfish or tuna are rich in natural oil, they can be well matched with light red wine, but when red wine is matched with some seafood, such as Dover sole fillets, high content of tannins will seriously damage the taste of seafood, and the wine itself will even have an unpleasant metallic taste. Salads usually do not affect the style of wine, but if vinegar is mixed with them, it will passivate the feelings of the mouth, make the wine lose its vitality and make the taste dull and dull. Lemonade is the best choice, because the citric acid in it can be in harmony with the character of wine. Cheese and wine are a natural ideal combination, just be careful not to match spicy cheese with light wine, and vice versa. It may be difficult to match spicy or fragrant food with wine, but with spicy or fruity wine, you can find the right partner. Chocolate sometimes has an adverse effect on the taste of wine, and some people claim that it can be successful with aged Cabernet Sauvignon. Ban Fei ba che
Tod 'Aquinas wine with chocolate, especially dark chocolate, has an excellent effect and is gratifying. This Italian wine is delicate and crisp, just right.
The natural acidity of the benefits is enough to balance the fragrance and sweetness of chocolate, while keeping the mouth comfortable, refreshing and clean.
There is no hard and fast rule that a certain wine must be matched with a certain food, but if it can be properly matched with food, it really brings out the best in each other, because wine can rinse taste buds and induce delicious food, and proper food can make the beauty of wine more vivid, which is really a taste enjoyment. The general principle of popularization is red meat with red wine and white meat with white wine, but occasionally you can make some bold attempts and make new discoveries. Generally speaking, dishes with heavy taste should be matched with rich wine, not necessarily following the principle of red meat with red wine and white meat with white wine. Sometimes, for example, braised fish with heavy taste can also be matched with light red wine, and poultry food with heavy taste can also be matched with rich white wine and light red wine.
The order of drinking wine is: light wine first, then strong wine. Drink unsweetened wine first, then sweet wine. Drink white wine first, then red wine. Drink young wine first, then mature old wine.
Eight, wine label
Labels contain a lot of information about wine. According to the regulations of countries and regions, some contents must be written, especially concerning the classification of wine, such as table wine or wine recognized by AOC, country of origin, alcohol content, name and address of manufacturer, etc. The year of manufacture is not necessary, but high-quality wine is always marked. The back label contains more information than the label, including an accurate description of the region of the wine and the manufacturer. In some countries, some notes are necessary, for example, the alcohol content must be printed on the back label, and importers and sellers should translate these into local languages to meet different market needs.
Winelabel is equivalent to the identity card of wine, including the name of the winery, the name of the wine (or not needed), the variety of wine, the capacity and alcohol content of the wine, the product of which country, the year of growth, where it was packaged in a bottle, and so on, as well as patterns. In the past, these were mostly the signs of wineries, especially the noble signs, royal signs handed down from feudal society, or the scenery of wineries.
1, French wine label: including control certificate of origin, bottling wine merchant, year of establishment, location of wine merchant, bottling capacity, name of wine merchant, name of wine, owner's factory emblem and alcohol content percentage.
2. French Bordeaux wine label: including wine name, grape production year, bottling capacity, wine quality classification, bottling wine dealer, and control certificate of origin and production area.
3. German wine label: including wine name, alcohol content percentage, wine quality classification, bottling capacity, grape variety and grade, grape production year, producing area and producer's location.
4. American wine label: producer and bottler's winery name, wine name, grape production year, producing area, alcohol content percentage and country of origin.
5. American (Napa) wine label: name of the factory, name of the wine, percentage of alcohol content, producer and bottler, their location and producing area.
6, the statutory content on the label
All wine labels must indicate the country of origin as well as the alcohol content and net content. The net content of imported wine is marked by the standard metric system and is consistent with the recognized specifications. All labels must indicate the name and address of the importer and manufacturer. California wines should be marked with the name and address of the bottler and the production license number. You can try it.