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How is cauliflower botanically classified?

Cauliflower vegetables, including cauliflower, broccoli, purple cauliflower, and yellow cauliflower, have a long history of cultivation, and their product organs, the floral bulbs, vary markedly in shape and color. There are fewer research reports on the evolution between them, and the evolutionary relationships are still vague. Early studies speculated on the evolutionary relationships mainly from morphological and historical data, but they lacked sufficient basis. switzer (1729) regarded the yellowish-white and purple buds and the green buds as the prototypes of cauliflower, which gradually evolved into the modern varieties bearing tightly packed white buds. giles (1944) hypothesized that cauliflower is one of the types of broccoli, which developed from the type with no pigmentation in broccoli. Gray (1982), on the basis of the similarity between purple and green cauliflower, suggested that the green cauliflower was derived from a mutation in the color of purple cauliflower. Li Jiawen (1962) thought that wild kale would evolve into a new type with fat flower bulbs by cultivating it in the direction of fat flower shoots and many branches. In the process of kale evolution, the first step was to select and breed the woody cauliflower with a few flower branches at each node from the plants that could draw shoots in the current year, and then to select and breed the broccoli with fat flower bulbs that were densely packed into bulbs, and then to breed the cauliflower with "naturally soft flower bulbs". " cauliflower.

On the question of the classification of the cauliflower group, most of the literature designates cauliflower vegetables as two varieties within the kale species, Brassica olerecea var. botrytis L. and Brassica olerecea var. italia P., with purple cauliflower also being classified as a broccoli Italia P., and purple cauliflower is also categorized within Brassica var. Song KM (1988) and Boyles (2000) designated Brassica and cauliflower as two subspecies (Brassica olerecea ssp. italia; Brassica olerecea ssp. botrytis). The author (2002) used AFLP molecular marker technology to study the genomic relatedness of cauliflower vegetables, and the results showed that the four color cauliflowers had high genetic homology, with monomorphic bands accounting for 23% of the total bands, and that they were closely related. Based on the results of the study on the affinities of cauliflower vegetables, the author believes that cauliflower vegetables can be regarded as a subspecies under the Brassica species (B. oleracea L.), i.e., the cauliflower subspecies (B. oleracea ssp. botrytis L.), which includes three varieties: cauliflower var. oleracea var. botrytis L., broccoli var. oleracea var. italica P.), and B. oleracea var. purpura italica P.). Although B. oleracea and B. purpura show close affinity, their genomes are clustered into a subgroup independently, indicating that there is still a certain distance between their affinities. In terms of appearance, the color of the flower bulb is different, and the shape of the leaf blade is also very different. Cauliflower has lobed leaves, whereas the leaf blade of purple cauliflower is the same as that of cauliflower, which is entire. In terms of the period of differentiation, purple cauliflower evolved earlier and is an ancient type. Therefore, purple cauliflower in the classification of the status of the same as broccoli and cauliflower, it should be listed as an independent varieties more reasonable.