1. It is necessary to keep the germination chamber at 20-25℃ and the culture chamber at 16-25℃.

2. There must be certain lighting conditions to avoid strong light. Sunshade nets are needed for shading in strong light season. The light intensity of green products is generally below 30000-40000m candle, and that of semi-softened products is generally below 10000m candle.

3. There must be ventilation facilities, which can be used for indoor natural ventilation or forced ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh;

4. Water source devices such as tap water, water storage tank or standby water tank should be provided to meet the water demand of sprouts. In addition, especially in indoor production, drainage system must be set up.

When choosing a specific production site, it should be selected according to the above conditions. Generally speaking, the focus of production in southern China is in hot summer, so it is advisable to choose a room that is easy to cool down to produce semi-softened products (products with thinner stems, fewer leaves and lighter colors are formed in weak indoor light); In the northern region, the production is mainly in severe winter, so you can choose to produce green products in protective facilities with less energy consumption, such as efficient and energy-saving solar greenhouses (products with thicker stems, larger leaves and darker colors are formed under slightly stronger light). In addition, in the season with suitable temperature, sprouts can also be produced in open-air shade shed or plastic greenhouse.

Second, the preparation of production facilities

(1) cultivation rack and container rack

The cultivation rack is mainly used for placing multi-layer seedling trays in the cultivation room for three-dimensional cultivation, so as to improve the space utilization rate. Cultivation racks are generally made of 30×30×4 mm angle iron or Korean pine square, with a cross section of 55-60 mm high, a width of 40-45 mm, a rack height of 160-2 10 cm, and each rack has 4-5 floors. The layer spacing is 50 cm, the frame length is 150 cm, and the width is 60 cm. Put 6 seedling trays on each floor, with 24-30 seedling trays per frame.

Container shelves are mainly used to facilitate the sale of the whole product and improve the transportation efficiency of the product. The size of the container rack needs to match the transportation tool, and the manufacturing method is the same as that of the cultivation rack, but the interlayer distance can be reduced to 22-23 cm.

(2) culture container and substrate

In order to reduce the bearing capacity of multi-layer cultivation frame, light plastic vegetable seedling tray is generally used. The specifications of the seedling tray are: length 62 cm, width 23.6 cm and height 3-5 cm.

The cultivation substrate should be clean, nontoxic, light, absorbent and water-retaining paper, such as newsprint, wrapping paper, cotton paper, white cotton cloth, non-woven fabric, perlite, etc., which is easy to handle after use.

(3) seed soaking and seedling tray cleaning container

The containers for seed soaking and seedling tray cleaning can be pots, cylinders, barrels, bathtubs or brick cement pools according to different production scales. The use or design of these containers should be based on the principle of convenient operation and reducing labor intensity such as changing water. In addition, containers for soaking seeds and washing seedling trays shall not be mixed.

(4) Spraying equipment

It is necessary to spray water and water regularly and evenly to cultivate and produce sprouts in a paper bed with seedling trays, and spray water or chemicals respectively for different varieties and different growth stages. The commonly used spraying instruments are Gongnong-16 backpack sprayer and Harvest -3 pressure sprayer. Commonly used sprinklers include commercially available sprinklers or self-made watering can fine-hole dense sprinklers (leather pipes leading out of water pipes) and so on.

(5) Means of transport for products

Bicycles, tricycles and boxcars can be equipped with corresponding container racks according to local conditions.

Thirdly, the cultivation and management of sprouts.

(1) type and variety

Varieties and varieties used as sprouts require pure and clean seeds, high germination rate, large seeds, good quality of sprouts, disease resistance and high yield. Generally, green peas, flower peas, gray peas, brown peas, hemp peas and other peas can be selected for pea seedling production; Radish seedlings can be autumn and winter radishes such as Shijiazhuang White Radish, Guoguang Radish and Dahongpao Radish. Buckwheat seedlings can come from Shanxi or Inner Mongolia. The seeds of Toona sinensis can be red Toona sinensis in Wuling Mountain. In addition, when buying seeds, we should not only pay attention to the quality of seeds, but also consider whether the supply is sufficient and stable, and whether the seeds are clean and pollution-free.

(2) seed cleaning and soaking

The quality of seeds is closely related to the growth uniformity, commodity rate and yield of sprouts. Therefore, in addition to high-quality seeds, seeds must be cleaned up before sowing, and seeds that are moth-eaten, damaged, deformed, pythium, shriveled, extra small and germinated must be removed.

In order to promote seed germination, it is necessary to soak the cleaned seeds. Generally, the seeds are washed with clean water at 20-30℃ for 2-3 times, and then the seeds are soaked. Soak buckwheat for 36 hours, peas and Toona sinensis for 24 hours and radish for 6-8 hours. After soaking, wash the seeds for 2-3 times, then take out the seeds and drain the excess water. You can sow.

(3) sowing

Sowing is mostly carried out in plastic seedling trays. Before sowing, clean the seedling tray, disinfect it with lime water or bleaching powder, rinse it with clear water, then spread a layer of paper on the bottom of the seedling tray and sow peas, radishes and buckwheat. But the sowing method of Toona sinensis is different from peas.

1. After the paper is laid on the seedling tray, a layer of perlite with a thickness of 1.5 cm should be laid. Pay attention to add clear water to perlite in advance, and squeeze out excess water after stirring;

2. Sowed seeds must germinate in advance, the germination temperature is 20℃-22℃, the germination time is about 4-5 days, and 60% seeds should be sown when exposed. The sowing amount is about 500g of peas, 75g of radishes, 50g of buckwheat150g and 50g of Toona sinensis. When sowing, it is required to sow evenly to make the new buds grow neatly.

(4) overlapping plates to accelerate germination.

After sowing, the seedling trays are stacked together and placed on the flat ground to accelerate germination. Pay attention to the height of the seedling tray when stacking and placing it, which should not exceed 100 cm, and the interval between each pile should be 2-3 cm, so as to avoid uneven seedling emergence caused by excessive crown and poor ventilation. In addition, in order to maintain proper air humidity, the stack should be covered with wet sacks, black agricultural film or double-layer sunshade net. Germination should be carried out in a place with relatively stable humidity or a special germination room, and the indoor temperature should be kept between 20-25℃ during germination. However, the requirements for Toona sinensis are strict, and generally it must be kept at 20-22℃ to improve the germination rate. Spray water once a day during germination, and the amount of water should not be too large to avoid rotten buds. However, Toona sinensis does not need to be sprayed with water, because the water maintained by perlite can fully meet the needs. In addition, while spraying water, it is necessary to "reverse the tray" and change the position of the seedling tray up and down to make the cultivation environment of the seedling tray as uniform as possible. Promote the orderly growth of bud seedlings. Under normal circumstances, the seedlings can be "put out of the tray" in about 4 days, and the seedlings will be laid flat on the cultivation frame for greening. Pea seedlings are about 1 cm high when they are "out of the dish". The seed coat of radish fell off, the height of buckwheat seedling was 1-3 cm, and the height of Toona sinensis seedling was 0.5- 1 cm, and the cotyledons and true leaves were not unfolded.

(5) Management after "sale"

In order to make the sprouts safely transition from the dark and high-humidity environment where they are piled up and germinated to the cultivation environment, when they are "taken out" and moved to the cultivation room, they should be placed in a weak light area with stable air relative humidity for one day to avoid the harm of "sprout drying". In order to produce "green products", the seedling tray should be placed in a strong light place 2-3 days before the sprouts are put on the market, so that the sprouts can be better green. However, after June-August, especially when solar greenhouse and other facilities are used as production sites, in order to avoid excessive illumination, a sunshade net must be covered outside the greenhouse to make the illumination moderate.

2. Temperature and ventilation management Although the temperature environment required after the sprout leaves the tray is not as strict as that required in the germination period, it should be managed according to different types and different growth periods. Generally speaking, several kinds of sprouts are planted in the same production site at the same time, and the indoor temperature is not lower than 16℃ at night and not higher than 25℃ during the day. In the above temperature range, pea seedlings and Toona sinensis seedlings prefer low temperature, while radish seedlings and buckwheat seedlings prefer high temperature. In specific management, radish seedlings and buckwheat seedlings can be placed in high temperature areas, while pea seedlings and Toona sinensis seedlings can be placed in low temperature areas. In addition, the temperature range of sprouts is strict in the early stage of growth, but it can be relaxed in the middle and late stage.

Ventilation is one of the important measures to adjust the temperature of cultivation room. However, ventilation has another important function. Generally, the air should be kept fresh at the production site, and the relative humidity of the air should be reduced alternately, which is helpful to reduce the mildew of seed buds and avoid the serious shortage of carbon dioxide in the air. Therefore, under the condition that the indoor temperature can be guaranteed, ventilation should be carried out at least 1-2 times a day, and even when the indoor temperature is low, "instantaneous ventilation" should be carried out for a short time.

3. Water management Because the sprouts are cultivated on a tray paper bed different from the general soilless culture, the sprouts are tender and juicy, so they need to be replenished frequently. Generally, "small water irrigation" is adopted, and water is sprayed three times a day in winter and four times a day in summer. Water evenly, first the upper layer, and then the lower layer in turn. The amount of watering should be wet after spraying the substrate in the seedling tray, and the paper in the seedling tray should not drip a lot. In addition, we should also pay attention to the fact that the water quantity should be small in the early growth stage, slightly larger in the middle and late growth stage, slightly larger in rainy and low-temperature weather, slightly larger in sunny and high-temperature weather, small in indoor air relative humidity, and slightly larger in evaporation.

(5) Harvest and sales of products

Under normal cultivation and management conditions, pea seedlings can be harvested 8-9 days after sowing. At harvest, the height of the seedlings is about 15 cm, and the top leaflets have spread out. When eating, the tip is cut 7-9 cm, and each plate can produce 350-500 grams. Radish seedlings can be harvested 5-7 days after sowing. At harvest, the height of the seedlings is about 6- 10 cm, and the cotyledons are spread out and completely expanded. When eating, cut the roots together, and each plate can produce 500-600 grams. After sowing, buckwheat seedlings can be harvested in 9- 10 days. At harvest, the seedling height is about 10- 12 cm, and the cotyledons are flat and plump. When eating, cut the roots together, and each plate can yield 400-500 grams. After soaking the seeds of Toona sinensis, the seedlings can be harvested about 18 days from germination. When harvested, the height of seedlings is 7- 10 cm, cotyledons are flat and fully expanded, and leaflets do not grow. When eating, it can be cut or uprooted, and each dish can yield 400-500 grams.

At present, as China's economy is not developed enough, the post-harvest technology of vegetables is still relatively backward, and the cold chain system from product harvesting, pre-cooling, refrigerated truck transportation, cold storage and freezer sales is still not perfect, so sprout products are sold in small packages, especially in hot summer. It is perishable and has a short shelf life. In order to solve this problem, we adopted the whole-living-body selling technology, and transported the whole-living sprouts to hotels, restaurants, supermarkets or vegetable markets, which not only extended the shelf life of the products, but also ensured the absolute freshness when eating. Therefore, the whole body activation sales are very popular in the market.

Fourth, several problems in the production of sprouts.

(1) rotten seeds

In the process of cultivating seedling vegetables, especially in the process of accelerating germination, seed rot is easy to occur. Be careful not to use green or yellow varieties in production, and strictly control the amount and temperature of watering. Too much water, especially under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, can easily lead to seed and bud rot. In addition; The seedling tray should be cleaned and disinfected strictly, and a proper amount of detergent and 0.3-0.5% lime or bleaching powder can be added to the water when cleaning.

(2) The sprouts are irregular.

Irregular sprouts often reduce the commodity rate of products. In order to make the sprouts grow orderly, we should pay attention to the use of high-purity seeds in production. And should be evenly sown and watered; The seedling tray should be placed horizontally and turned frequently, so that the seedling tray has a uniform cultivation environment and promotes the orderly growth of seedlings.

(3) The sprouts are too old (too much fiber)

In the process of sprout cultivation, if it encounters drought, strong light, high temperature or low temperature and the growth period is too long, it will lead to the rapid formation of sprout fiber, so the above situation should be avoided as far as possible in production management.