The head is called ***23 skulls, including 8 skulls (frontal bone 1, sphenoid bone 1, occipital bone 1, ethmoid bone 1, parietal bone 2, temporal bone 2) and facial skull 15 (nasal bone 2)

Trunk bone 5 1 root, including 26 vertebrae (including 7 cervical vertebrae, 7 thoracic vertebrae 12, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum 1 root, coccyx 1 root), 24 ribs and sternum 1 root.

There are 126 appendages in the limbs, including 64 upper limb bones (including 2 clavicles, 2 scapula, 2 humerus, 2 radius, 2 ulna, wrist bone 16, metacarpal bone 10, 28 phalanges) and 62 lower limb bones (including 2 hip bones)

There are 6 ossicles in the middle eardrum, which are called malleus (2), incus (2) and stapes (2).

The number of human bones is 206.

I talked about it in the school biology class.

The macroscopic structure of human skeleton is composed of periosteum, bone and bone marrow (from outside to inside). There are abundant blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum; Bone is the main component of bone, which consists of bone cells and matrix (composed of calcium salt and bone glue), and is divided into two parts: bone density and cancellous bone. In the middle is the bone marrow cavity. There are two kinds of bone marrow: red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow. Red bone marrow has hematopoietic function, while yellow bone marrow is mainly adipose tissue and has no hematopoietic function.

Knowledge of human bones. Give it to me by Tuesday. The human body has 206 bones, which are divided into three parts: skull, trunk and limbs. They are distributed in all parts of the body, supporting the body, protecting internal organs and carrying out various activities with the help of muscles. If there is no skeleton, the human body will become a pile of meat. What else can we do?

All the bones of the human body are different in shape and size. Some are larger, such as tibia and humerus, while others are smaller, such as phalanges. In shape, it can be roughly divided into five types: long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone and air-filled bone. The flat bone plays a role in protecting internal organs, such as the skull protecting the brain; Rod bones are responsible for human movements, such as the bones of limbs.

The spine is a bone that runs through the center of the body from the neck to the buttocks. From top to bottom, it is cervical vertebra (7), thoracic vertebra (12), lumbar vertebra (5), sacrum and coccyx. There are protruding bones on the spine, which can be obtained by external touch, which is an important basis for finding acupuncture points.

What's the function of human bones? Skeleton is an important organ of human body and the main component of human motion system. According to their different functions, human bones are connected with mechanical structures in a certain way to form a whole. With the adjustment of nervous system and the cooperation of other systems, the functions of human skeleton are supporting the body, protecting internal organs, completing exercise, participating in metabolism, hematopoiesis and so on. 1. Scaffolding functional skeleton is the hardest tissue in the whole body, which is interconnected to form a complete and hard skeleton structure, keeping the body in a certain shape and posture, and playing a supporting and bearing role on the human body. Skeleton plays a very important role in people's standing, walking, loading and working ability, and is the most important function of human skeleton. The scaffold function of skeleton is mainly undertaken by the spine and limbs of trunk bone. Once osteoporosis occurs, it will destroy the function of this scaffold and endanger human health. 2. Protect the internal functions. Some bones of the human body are connected with each other in a certain way to form a body cavity with a certain shape, and all kinds of important organs in the cavity are protected by its hard structure. For example, the skull encloses a hard cranial cavity to protect the brain from external forces; Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, etc. Form a barrel-shaped chest to protect the organs and tissues in the heart, lungs and mediastinum; The pelvic cavity surrounded by pelvic bone protects the uterus and bladder; Bone marrow cavity protects spinal cord, etc. This kind of protection is very important and indispensable to prevent the important organs of internal organs from being hit and hurt by external forces. 3. Motor function The bone itself has no autonomous or active motor function. It enables the body to complete various movements and actions, such as walking, working and eating. Under the joint action of muscles, muscle cells, ligaments and other soft tissues under the control of nerves. In the process of completing the action, bones play a lever and support role, and joints play an important role.

4. Participate in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. A large number of calcium and phosphorus are stored in bones, and bone tissue becomes the most reliable and permanent source of calcium and phosphorus needed by human metabolism, which plays a regulatory role in blood calcium and phosphorus concentration. When calcium and phosphorus in blood increase, they are transferred and stored in bones; When the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in blood drops, calcium and phosphorus in bones are released into blood to maintain the metabolic balance of calcium and phosphorus in blood. Therefore, people often refer to bones as "storage warehouses" for calcium and phosphorus. 5. Hematopoietic function The red bone marrow in the pelvic cavity is the main hematopoietic organ after birth. It has the function of making and releasing blood cells, maintaining the dynamic balance of the generation, development, release, death and elimination of various blood cells in the blood, and maintaining the normal blood circulation and physiological activities of the human body. It is precisely because of the role of human bones that human beings can complete various activities and live a normal life.

Data about human bones. Usually, adults have 206 bones, including skull, trunk and limbs. However, we China and Japanese only have 204 bones. This is because our fifth finger bone has only two joints, while Europeans and Americans have three joints, so China people have two fewer joints than Europeans and Americans.

Children have more bones than adults, generally 2 17 or 2 18. They are in the period of growth and development. Unformed bones, such as sacrum and coccyx, are usually connected together. When they grow up, several connected bones merge into one.

Human bones have different shapes and sizes, which can be divided into four types: long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. Among them, long bones are like sticks, short bones are like cubes, and flat bones are like flat slats. The longest bone in the human body is the femur on the thigh, which generally accounts for 27% of human height. There is a German named Constantine, whose femur is 75.9 cm long, which is the highest in the world. The three bones in the ear are the smallest bones in the human body, and the smallest stapes is only 0.25 ~ 0.43 cm long.

Human bones are very hard. Some people have done some tests, and each square centimeter of bone can bear 2 100 kg of pressure. Granite is very hard and can only bear 654,38+0,350 kilograms. Human skeleton is half water, half minerals and organic matter.

What is the supporting function of human bone? (1) Supporting function: Different bones of the human body are connected into a whole through joints, muscles, ligaments and other tissues to support the body. If human beings have no bones, they can only be a pile of soft tissues lying on the ground, and they can't stand up, let alone walk. (2) Protection: The human skeleton is like a frame, which protects the important organs of the human body and avoids "scratches" and injuries from external forces as much as possible. For example, the skull protects the brain tissue, the spine and ribs protect the heart and lungs, and the pelvis protects the bladder and uterus. Without the protection of bones, external shocks and blows can easily damage internal organs. (3) Motor function: The bones cooperate with muscles, tendons, ligaments and other tissues to realize the motor function of the human body. Bones provide necessary support for exercise, muscles and tendons provide power for exercise, and ligaments are used to maintain the stability of bones and enable exercise to continue. So we say that bones are the basis of exercise. (4) Metabolic function: Bone is closely related to human metabolism. Bone contains a lot of organic and inorganic substances such as calcium and phosphorus, and is a participant and regulator of inorganic salt metabolism in the body. Bone is also involved in the regulation of human endocrine, affecting the secretion and metabolism of hormones in the body. Bone is also related to electrolyte balance in the body. (5) Hematopoietic function: The hematopoietic function of bones is mainly manifested in human childhood, and the bone marrow cavity contains a large number of hematopoietic cells, which participate in the formation of blood. When people reach adulthood, red bone marrow with hematopoietic function still exists in some cancellous bones.

Human skeleton memory I think drawing and looking at specimens are very helpful for memory.

Draw the spine, sternum, ribs and trunk bones first, and then draw the bones with big limbs. Remember the number of parts. People's figure is almost the same. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division equals 206, and you are finished. And foot bones, wrist bones, skulls, etc. Depending on the specimen. As for the formula, it will be easier to remember if you create it yourself (that is, connect the first word of each bone into a sentence) ~

The spine, also known as spine and vertebra, is composed of vertebrae and intervertebral discs with special shapes. It is located in the middle of the back, connected to the skull, connected to the ribs in the middle, and the lower end forms the pelvis with the hip bone. From top to bottom, there are 7 cervical vertebrae, 5 thoracic vertebrae 12, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacrum 1 root (composed of 5 sacrums) and 24 coccyx 1 root (composed of 4 coccyxes) * * * independent vertebrae (adults). A longitudinal spinal canal with a spinal cord is formed in the spine from top to bottom.

Overall appearance

Under normal circumstances, the spine has four bends, which are S-shaped when viewed from the side, namely cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and stork kyphosis. Long-term incorrect posture and some diseases (such as thoracic tuberculosis, wet spondylitis, etc. ) can cause abnormal curvature of the spine, such as hunchback.

(1) Front view: The vertebral body gradually widens from top to bottom, and the second sacral vertebra is the widest, which is related to the load of the vertebral body. From below the auricular surface of the sacrum, gravity is transmitted to the lower limb bone, and the volume is gradually reduced.

(2) Posterior view: The spinous process of the vertebra is connected into a longitudinal ridge, which is located in the midline of the back. The spinous process of cervical spine is short and bifurcated. Close to horizontal position; The spinous process of thoracic spine is slender, inclined to the back, and arranged in imbricate shape; The spinous process of lumbar spine is flat and horizontally backward.

(3) Side view: Four physiological bends of neck, chest, waist and sacrum can be seen, with the neck and waist bending forward and the chest and sacrum bending backward.

Basic structure

The spine consists of 26 vertebrae, namely 24 vertebrae (7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae), 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx. Since the sacral system is composed of five and the coccyx is composed of four, the normal spine can also be composed of 33.

The spine is divided into five parts: neck, chest, waist, sacrum and tail. It is very long and can move like a bracket, hanging on the chest wall and abdominal wall. The lower part is relatively short and fixed. The weight of the body and the impact it receives are transmitted to the lower limbs.

The spine is composed of vertebrae and intervertebral discs, which is a very flexible and movable structure. With the exercise load of the body, the shape of the spine will change considerably. The activity of the spine depends on the integrity of the intervertebral disc and the coordination between the articular processes of the related vertebrae.

The length of the spine, 3/4 consists of vertebral body, 1/4 consists of intervertebral disc.

So many vertebrae, because there are strong ligaments around them, can maintain considerable stability, and because there are intervertebral joints connected with each other, they have considerable mobility. Although the range of motion of each spine is very small, if all of them move together, the range will increase a lot.