Origin: Cherry belongs to deciduous trees and fruit trees in Rosaceae. Cherry is bright red when it is ripe, beautifully carved, delicious and nutritious, and has high medical and health care value, also known as "Han Tao". The cherries cultivated as fruit trees in China include China cherry, sweet cherry, sour cherry and hairy cherry. Cherry ripens early and has the reputation of the first fruit in early spring. The output of cherries in China is 35 million Jin, only 29g per capita, which is equivalent to three big cherries or 15- 17 cherries in China. It can be seen that cherry has a broad market prospect. The sweet cherry varieties cultivated in China are mainly European and American varieties, which perform well in northern China. Because European sweet cherry generally needs 900~ 1400 hours at a low temperature below 7.2℃ to complete hibernation, it is limited to its large-scale cultivation in southern China. Therefore, China cherry is still the main cultivated variety in southern provinces of China. At the same time, there are few excellent cherry varieties in China, and the cultivated varieties generally show many shortcomings, such as small fruit, sour taste, fruit cracking before harvest, fruit dropping and so on. The successful breeding of black pearl, an excellent cherry variety in China, has made up for these shortcomings. There are two kinds of wild cherries, Asia and Europe, which are unrelated to each other. Later, other cherries were cultivated. Mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere in the world, China is mainly produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other places. Born on sunny slopes or beside ditches, it is often cultivated, with an altitude of 300~600 meters. Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province has the largest cherry base in the northwest-Cherry Valley, and the Cherry Festival is held in late April every year. This fruit is produced in Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, China. Variety: Italian Zaohong French fine variety, with strong adaptability, drought resistance and cold resistance, grows well in hilly gravel soil and sandy loam, bears fruit in three years and has high yield (more than 2000 kg per mu). The skin is purple-red, the fruit is large, the single fruit weight is 10g, the flesh is thick, tender and juicy, the flavor is sweet and sour, the quality is good, and the fruit does not crack. At present, Dazi is an excellent early-maturing variety with a large cultivation area in China, with a high degree of commercialization, and it is an excellent pollination tree species. The tree body of this variety is strong, the branches grow upright in the young tree period, and gradually open with the growth of tree age; High germination ability, strong branching, long internodes and large and loose crown; Annual branchlets are red and thirsty, which are thinner; The leaves are large and oval, with an average length of 1 1 cm to 18 cm and a width of 6.5 cm to 8 cm, so they are called big leaves. Petiole has two black-purple nectaries; The flowers are white, and the flowering period is one week; The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of 5.5g to 7.5g and a maximum weight of 1l, and is heart-shaped and slightly flat. The fruit stalk is slender and easy to fall off; When the fruit is ripe, it is purplish red, thin and shiny, and it is not easy to crack; The flesh is light red or red, tender and juicy, sweet and delicious, the edible rate is as high as 97%, the quality is excellent, and it is not resistant to storage and transportation. Rabins is a self-bred variety bred by crossing Canada. 1988 was introduced to China. It can maintain high yield year after year, not only has high self-pollination rate, but also is a wide range of pollen donors. It has strong cold resistance and no virus infection, and is a late-maturing fine variety with high yield and fruit cracking resistance. This variety has strong tree potential, developed lateral branches and upright tree posture; The fruit is large, and the average single fruit weight is10.2g; Approximate circular or elliptical; Thick peel, purple when mature, light translation, beautiful; The pulp is thick, hard and crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, delicious and resistant to storage and transportation. Hongguang is the main early-maturing variety. Generally, it can bear fruit in four years after planting, and it can maintain the momentum of long-term fruiting trees after fruiting, with vigorous development, strong ability to bear fruit continuously and good high-yield performance. Widely cultivated in Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Beijing and other places, the Beijing area blooms in early April, matures around May 20, and young trees stand upright. After the full fruit period, the tree is robust, semi-open and has a large crown; Perennial branches are purple, annual and biennial branches are grayish brown with white film; High germination rate, strong branches; The leaves are thick and large, oval, serrated, dark green and shiny; There are 2-3 long nectaries in the shape of kidney and purple at the base of petiole; It blooms in early April, with white flowers, and the flowering period is about one week. The fruit is large, with an average single fruit weight of 96 grams; The fruit is kidney-shaped, and the fruit stalk is thick and short; The skin is red or purple, shiny and beautiful in appearance; The pulp is hard, light yellow, fresh and juicy, sweet and sour, with an edible rate of 92.9%, which is resistant to storage and transportation. Hong Ju is an excellent variety with yellow, extra-large fruit type and late maturity. Strong adaptability, high yield, suitable for protected cultivation. In Beijing, the cold resistance is obviously better than that of red light, and the varieties are robust and grow vigorously. Branches grow upright in the young tree stage, and the new branches are about 70 cm long and open in the second half of the full fruit stage; Perennial branches are brown, and the branches of the year are brown-green; High germination rate and strong branches. The fruit is huge and tidy, with an average single fruit weight of 1O.25 and a maximum of 1.3. 5g: heart-shaped; The peel is light yellow, shiny, red and spotted on the sunny side. The flesh is light yellow, dense and crisp, thick and juicy, sweet and sour, with an edible rate of 93. 1%, which is resistant to storage and transportation.