Chinese name: sweet potato
External name: sweet potato
Synonymy: Ipomoea batatas
Boundary: Botany
Portal: Angiosperms
Organism: Gemini
Archiphyllum: Gemini
Organism: Tomato
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Sweet Potato
Genus: Sweet Potato
Species: Sweet Potato
Morphological Characteristics
Sweet Potato (20) Sweet Potato, also known as sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, etc., for the family of convolvulaceae annual plants. People in different areas have different names for it, Henan people call it sweet potato, Shanghai people and Tianjin people call it yam, Shandong people call it sweet potato, southern Jiangsu people call it yam Other areas call it sweet potato and Xuzhou area call it white taro, Shaanxi people call it red taro, Sichuan people call it sweet potato, Guizhou people call it "sweet potato", Beijing people call it white potato, Jiangxi people call it sweet potato, Guizhou people call it sweet potato, Beijing people call it sweet potato, Jiangxi people call it sweet potato, Jiangxi people call it sweet potato, Jiangxi people call it sweet potato. People call it white potato, Jiangxi people call it sweet potato, Fujian people call it sweet potato Hebei people call yam or red yam. Different areas of the same region people on its name is not the same, such as most of Shandong, although it is called groundnut, but Zaozhuang, Jining, south of the local people around the habit of calling it "taro", while the real taro is called "gross taro". Annual plants of the family Cyclophyllaceae. Sprawling herb, more than 2 meters long, lying flat on the ground diagonally. With underground root tubers, root tubers fusiform, outer skin soil yellow or purple-red. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate, 3-5-palmatifid. Cymes axillary, floral bracts small, subulate, sepals oblong, unequal, corolla campanulate, funnelform, white to purplish red. Capsule ovate or oblate, 1-4-seeded; caudex is starch material, edible, brewed or used as fodder. It is widely cultivated throughout the country.
Edited section of the planting history
The wild species originated in the tropical regions of the Americas, the success of artificial cultivation by the Indians, strong resistance to pests and diseases, easy to cultivate. When Columbus first met the Queen of Spain, he offered the sweet potatoes brought back from the New World to the Queen, and Spanish sailors spread the sweet potatoes to the Philippines. In the 10th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming dynasty (1582), it was introduced to China from the then Spanish colony of Luzon (now the Philippines), and was first introduced to Guangdong by Dongguaner Chen Yi from Annam. Wanli twenty-one years (1593) in May, Fujian Changle Chen Zhenlong and carried back to China from Luzon, after the test planting, "just and April, open the soil excavation, mother and son of the hook even, as large as an arm, as small as a fist," Fujian Governor Jin Xue had vigorously promote, and compiled the "Overseas New Biography of the Seven Rules". Agricultural Government Book" detailed description of the cultivation of sweet potatoes, Li Shizhen "Materia Medica", "South people use when the rice cereal fruit meals, steamed and sizzling all fragrant and beautiful ......, people in the sea of longevity, but also by not eating five grains and eat sweet potatoes is also." Chinese medicine believes that sweet potatoes make up for the lack of deficiency, benefit the energy, strengthen the spleen and stomach, strong kidney yin. Currently, it is widely planted all over the world. 1995 American biologists found that sweet potato contains a chemical called dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which can be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer.
Edit paragraph value
Nutritional value
Sweet potato
"Compendium of Materia Medica", "Compendium of Materia Medica Gleanings", and other ancient literature, sweet potato has the effect of "replenishing the lack of deficiency, benefiting the qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and strengthening the kidney and yin," so that people can "live a long life with fewer diseases. It can make people "live longer and have fewer diseases". It can also tonify the middle, harmonize blood, warm the stomach, and fatten the five organs. Contemporary "Chinese Materia Medica" says its: "Sweet in flavor, flat in nature. Attributes to the spleen and kidney meridians." "Nourishes the middle and harmonizes the blood, benefits the qi and promotes the production of fluids, broadens the intestines and stomach, and relieves constipation. The main treatment for spleen deficiency edema, sores and swelling poison, intestinal dryness and constipation." Groundnut is rich in starch, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C, E, as well as potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and more than 10 kinds of trace elements and linoleic acid, etc., with high nutritional value, which is known as the most nutritionally balanced health food by nutritionists. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels, very effective in the prevention and treatment of habitual constipation in old age. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potatoes will make people fat and dare not eat. In fact, on the contrary, eating sweet potatoes not only will not get fat, on the contrary, can lose weight, health, prevent sub-health, laxative detoxification. Each 100 grams of fresh sweet potato contains only 0.2 grams of fat, producing 99 kilocalories of calories, probably for rice 1 / 3, is a very good low-fat, low-calorie food, but also can effectively prevent the sugar into fat, is conducive to weight loss, bodybuilding. Sweet potato contains a lot of dietary fiber, in the intestinal tract can not be digested and absorbed, can stimulate the intestinal tract, enhance peristalsis, laxative detoxification, especially for senile constipation has a better effect. Eat sweet potatoes should pay attention to must be steamed and boiled through. Eating sweet potatoes should not be excessive, Chinese medicine diagnosis of wet obstruction of the spleen and stomach, gas stagnation and food accumulation should be cautious of food. Japan's National Cancer Research Center recently announced 20 kinds of anti-cancer vegetables "list" for: sweet potatoes, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, celery, eggplant, peppers, carrots, golden cauliflower, greens, kohlrabi, mustard, mustard greens, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, garlic, zucchini, etc., of which sweet potatoes ranked first. Japanese doctors found through a dietary survey of 260,000 people that the cancer inhibition rate of cooked sweet potatoes (98.7%) is slightly higher than that of raw sweet potatoes (94.4%). The Philadelphia Hospital in the United States also extracted an active substance from sweet potatoes --- deandrosterone, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer and breast cancer. Sweet potato leaves, i.e. the young leaves at the top of the aboveground seedling stems after the sweet potato matures in the fall. Tests show that every hundred grams of fresh sweet potato leaves contain 2.28 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 4.1 grams of sugar, 16 milligrams of the mineral potassium, 2.3 milligrams of iron, 34 milligrams of phosphorus, 6.42 milligrams of carotene, vitamin C0.32 milligrams. Comparing it with common vegetables, the mineral and vitamin contents are superior, and the carotene content is even higher than that of carrots. Therefore, the Asian Vegetable Research Center has listed sweet potato leaves as highly nutritious vegetable varieties, calling it "vegetable queen". Research has found that sweet potato leaves have health functions such as improving immunity, stopping bleeding, lowering sugar, detoxifying, and preventing night blindness. Regular consumption of constipation prevention, vision protection, but also to maintain delicate skin, delay aging. In recent years in Europe and the United States, Japan, Hong Kong and other places set off a wave of "sweet potato leaf fever". Food made with sweet potato leaves, and even put on the hotel, restaurant tables. In our country, the city supermarkets can not see the sweet potato leaves for sale, farmers harvested sweet potatoes will be sweet potato leaves, together with the stems thrown in the ground, or used as feed for livestock, which is a great pity. There are many ways to eat sweet potato leaves, which are slightly introduced here. Select the tender tips of the leaves, boiling water after boiling, with sesame oil, soy sauce, vinegar, chili oil, mustard, ginger and other seasonings, made of coleslaw, its appearance of tender green, can be appetizing. Can also be sweet potato leaves with shredded meat and stir-fried together, eat the sweet and fragrant, distinctive flavor. In addition, sweet potato leaves can be used in soups or porridge. Japanese market has canned pickled sweet potato leaves small vegetables for sale, we can also add salt to make it into pickles, small dishes, for consumption. The shortcomings of sweet potatoes, is the lack of protein and lipids, but today people live in affluence, has no longer sweet potatoes as a staple food, it lacks the nutrients can be supplemented by other meals. For example, the milk and sweet potato at the same time, because milk is rich in protein and fat content. Sweet potatoes
Sweet potatoes are rich in sugar, protein, fiber and a variety of vitamin nutrients, including beta-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C is particularly high. Especially sweet potato is rich in lysine, and rice, flour precisely lack of lysine. By mixing sweet potatoes with rice and flour, you can get a more comprehensive protein supplement. In terms of overall nutrition, sweet potato can be said to be the best of grains and vegetables. Europeans and Americans praise it as the "second bread", Soviet scientists say it is the future "cosmonautics food", and the French call it a deserved "high-level health food". Sweet potatoes contain lysine, much higher than rice, white flour, but also contains a very rich carotene, which can promote the normal maturation of epithelial cells, inhibit the abnormal differentiation of epithelial cells, eliminating the role of cancer-causing oxygen free radicals, to prevent the combination of carcinogens and proteins in the nucleus of the cell, and to promote the enhancement of the body's immunity. Eat sweet potatoes to talk about science, otherwise it is difficult to digest after eating, there will be bloating, heartburn, burping, acidity, exhaust and other discomforts. Sweet potatoes must be steamed and cooked through. First, because the cell membrane of starch in sweet potato is not destroyed by high temperature, it is difficult to digest; second, the "gasification enzyme" in sweet potato is not destroyed by high temperature, it will produce discomfort after eating. Autumn children should eat more sweet potatoes, which can prevent autumn dryness, but do not eat too much.
Anti-cancer effect
Recently, China's medical workers on the west of Guangxi's centenarian township survey found that the longevity of the elderly here have a **** the same characteristics, is accustomed to the daily diet of sweet potatoes, and even as a staple food. Not coincidentally, Japan's National Cancer Research Center recently announced the 20 kinds of anti-cancer vegetables "list" for: sweet potatoes, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, celery, eggplant, pepper, carrots, golden cauliflower, greens, kohlrabi, mustard, mustard greens, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, garlic, cucumber, etc., in which sweet potatoes topped the list. Japanese doctors through the dietary survey of 260,000 people found that the cancer inhibition rate of cooked sweet potatoes (98.7%) is slightly higher than that of raw sweet potatoes (94.4%). Philadelphia Hospital in the United States also extracted from the sweet potato an active substance --- androstenone, it can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer and breast cancer. Sweet potato is rich in starch, vitamins, fiber and other essential nutrients, but also rich in magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and other mineral elements and linoleic acid. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels, and are very effective in combating habitual constipation in old age. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potato will make people fat and dare not eat. In fact, on the contrary, sweet potato is an ideal diet food, its calories only rice 1/3, and because it is rich in cellulose and pectin and has a special function to prevent sugar into fat. Sweet potato is not only a healthy food, but also a good medicine to get rid of diseases. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, sweet potato has the effect of "replenishing deficiency, benefiting vitality, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and strengthening kidney yin". "Sweet potatoes are steamed, cut, sun-dried and harvested, and are used as food, called yam grain, which makes people live longer and less sick." Gleanings from the Compendium of Materia Medica says that sweet potatoes can nourish the middle, harmonize the blood, warm the stomach and fatten the five organs. The Golden Potato Record says it has six medicinal values: for dysentery and diarrhea; for wine accumulation and heat diarrhea; for dampness-heat and jaundice; for spermatorrhea and leucorrhea; for blood deficiency and menstrual disorders; and for noma in children. The Lu Chuan Materia Medica says that sweet potatoes can produce fluids and quench thirst, and cure thirst from fever.
Sweet potatoes contain a lot of fiber and pectin that are not easily destroyed by digestive enzymes, which can stimulate the secretion of digestive juices and gastrointestinal peristalsis, thus playing a laxative role. In addition, its rich content of beta-carotene is an effective antioxidant, helping to remove free radicals in the body. In fact, sweet potato is also an ideal food for weight loss. Its calorie content is very low, much lower than the average rice, so you do not have to worry about getting fat after eating it, but can play a role in weight loss. Japan's national cancer prevention research on vegetables with significant anti-cancer effect ranking, which cooked sweet potatoes, raw sweet potatoes are ranked in the first, second. American biologist Thur? Prof. Schwartz from the sweet potato isolated - a kind of active substances called DHEA. He will be injected into this substance for the cultivation of cancer fine run and feed the body of white mice, the results found that these mice than the general life expectancy of white mice extended by 1/3. a U.S. university research found that sweet potatoes have a kind of substance called dehydroepiandrosterone, on the prevention and treatment of cancer also have a certain effect.
The value of traditional Chinese medicine
The sweet potato root is white, yellow, light purple-red and so on. All parts of China are cultivated. Taken in winter, washed, remove the fibrous roots fresh, or sliced, sun-dried spare. [Properties] Sweet flavor, flat nature. It can tonify the spleen and benefit the qi, broaden the intestines and laxatives, and produce fluids to quench thirst (in raw form). [Ref] Containing sugar, vitamin C, carotene (red-skinned yellow heart potato contains more) and other ingredients. [Usage] Used for constipation due to weakness of spleen and qi; thirst and dry throat due to heat in the lungs and stomach. [Usage] It is suitable for both raw and cooked, and there are many ways to eat it. [Note] There is a difference in the properties of raw and cooked potatoes, as mentioned before. Among the potatoes, the white heart is a little light in flavor, but crispy and juicy, raw food is better. Yellow or red heart taste sweeter, but the quality of firm, slightly less juice, cooked food is good. "Those who are full should not eat too much, as it can congest Qi." (Gleanings from the Compendium of Materia Medica) should not be eaten by those who have more stomach acid, and more food makes people acid reflux. If you have a cold spleen and stomach, you should not eat raw. [prescription] 1, brown sugar boiled sweet potatoes: sweet potatoes 500g, brown sugar 60g. add the right amount of water to cook until ripe, eat potatoes and drink soup. Derived from the "golden potato biography". Which says: "wine and food internal injuries, due to wet into hot, due to heat into yellow, with this potato cooking, its yellow since the retreat." Now variation of this, can also be used as an adjunctive treatment of jaundice (viral hepatitis). 2, potato flour honey paste: dry sweet potato flakes 100g, grind into powder, mix with water. Cooked in water fire when thickened, add honey 50g, one within the boiling that is. The golden potatoes biography, "said:" dysentery ...... if caused by dampness and heat, ...... with this potato steamed, to peony soup often chewing service, or potato flour and winter honey service, also healed." Today's variation of its method, can be used as an auxiliary treatment of dysentery.
Edit paragraph edible notes
Sweet potato contains dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C, E and potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium, etc., high nutritional value, is the World Health Organization selected the "ten best vegetables" champion. But pay attention, sweet potatoes eat up also have to pay attention. First, sweet potatoes must be steamed and cooked through and then eat, because the starch granules in sweet potatoes are not destroyed by high temperature, difficult to digest. Second, sweet potatoes contain a kind of oxidase, this enzyme is easy to produce a lot of carbon dioxide gas in the human gastrointestinal tract, such as sweet potatoes eat too much, will make people bloating, uh, fart. Sweet potato sugar content is high, eat more can stimulate the secretion of large amounts of gastric acid, make people feel "heartburn". The stomach is stimulated by too much stomach acid and contraction is strengthened, stomach acid can backflow into the esophagus, spit acid water. Eat sweet potatoes with a little pickles, can effectively inhibit stomach acid. Third, in addition, sweet potato sugar, the body a moment absorption is not complete, the remaining part of the intestinal tract to stay in the easy fermentation, so that abdominal discomfort. Chinese medicine believes that dampness obstruction of the spleen and stomach, stagnation of qi and food accumulation should be cautious of eating sweet potatoes. Fourth, the shortcomings of the sweet potato is the lack of protein and fat, but today people live in affluence, has no longer the sweet potato as a staple food, it lacks the nutrients can be supplemented by other meals. A variety of sweet potatoes
Sweet potatoes and persimmons should not be eaten at the same time in a short period of time, if the amount of food, should be at least five hours apart. If eaten at the same time, the sugar in the sweet potato fermentation in the stomach, will increase the secretion of gastric acid, and persimmons in the tannin, pectin reaction occurs precipitation cohesion, resulting in hard lumps, the amount of severe gastrointestinal bleeding or cause gastric ulcers. If you feel upset stomach, you must go to the hospital to do gastroscopy to see if there is gastric bleeding or gastric ulcer. When to eat sweet potatoes is best for your body Sweet potatoes lack protein and lipids, so eat them with vegetables, fruits and protein foods to avoid nutritional imbalance. Most importantly, sweet potatoes are best eaten during the golden hour of lunch. This is because after we eat sweet potatoes, the calcium contained therein needs to be absorbed in the human body after 4 to 5 hours, and afternoon sunlight exposure can just promote calcium absorption. In this case, if you eat sweet potatoes at lunchtime, all the calcium can be absorbed before dinner, and it will not affect the absorption of calcium from other foods at dinner. Why long-standing sweet potatoes are sweeter than newly dug sweet potatoes When sweet potatoes are left to stand for a long time, they lose a lot of moisture and their skins become wrinkled. The reduction of water has a great impact on the sweetness for two reasons: first, the reduction of water evaporation relatively increases the concentration of sugar in sweet potatoes. Secondly, in the process of placing, water is involved in the hydrolysis of sweet potato starch, starch hydrolysis into sugar, so that the sweet potato sugar increased. Therefore, we feel that the sweet potato that has been placed for a long time is sweeter than the sweet potato that has been dug out of the ground.
Editing the medicinal use of sweet potatoes
1. Sweet potatoes can be boiled and eaten to cure hot jaundice. In the use of this dietary therapy at the same time, the patient should go to the hospital to avoid delays in the treatment of serious diseases. 2. 250 grams of sweet potato leaves, fried with oil and salt, eaten once, twice a day, can cure constipation. 3. Raw sweet potato leaves, mashed, adjusted brown sugar, paste the navel, can cure the inability to pass urine and feces. 4. Dry sweet potato vine appropriate amount, water decoction, can cure thirst. 5. Every morning and evening with sweet potato powder, can cure spermatorrhea, gonorrhea. 6. Fresh sweet potato leaves 90-120 grams, boiled in water, can cure children's chancre, night blindness. [1]
Edit this paragraph related scientific research
Food fiber, for modern people seem particularly valuable. Medical research has confirmed that the lack of food fiber with laxative effect can induce various lifestyle diseases and colorectal cancer. Sweet potato after steaming, part of the starch changes, compared with raw food can increase about 40% of food fiber. The increase of many kinds of water-insoluble fiber can effectively stimulate the intestinal tract and promote defecation. People in the cut sweet potato will find , from under the skin will ooze a white liquid. This white liquid in the purple jasmine "Gan Yi", has the effect of slowing down. Food fiber and jasmine "Gan Yi" role together, so that the laxative effect of sweet potatoes have a good effect of not urgent and not slow. Modern medical research shows that sweet potato has the role of eliminating reactive oxygen species. Active oxygen is one of the causes of cancer, aging and arteriosclerosis. A test for mice cancer cells showed that, in the total ****82 kinds of many kinds of vegetable juice and plant ingredients used in the test, sweet potato inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells the most obvious effect. In addition, sweet potatoes inhibit skin aging. Animal tests using mice have confirmed that chlorogenic acid in sweet potatoes inhibits the production of melanin, which is thought to cause the appearance of freckles and age spots. The lack of protein and lipids is where sweet potatoes fall short. In people no longer take sweet potato as the staple food today, this shortcoming can be completely supplemented by other meals
Edit paragraph cultivation technology
Brief introduction
Sweet potato is a kind of high-yield and stable crop, it has wide adaptability, strong resistance, drought resistance, barrenness, fewer insect pests and diseases and other characteristics, planted in the place of water and fertilizer conditions are better, the general mu-yield can be up to spring potatoes up to 2000--3000kg, but due to the fact that the sweet potato can be used as a food for the people to eat, it is not possible for the people to eat it. 2000--3000kg, but due to natural conditions and cultivation level differences in yield level is also very uneven, in order to give full play to the yield potential of sweet potato, to achieve high quality and high yield, specially put forward the sweet potato high-yield cultivation technology opinions.
Seedling bed nursery
Sprouting nursery is an important part of the whole anti-season cultivation, nursery time is appropriately early in mid-February to the seed potatoes, moved into the protected seedbed nursery. Seedbed using double film protection, seed potatoes neatly arranged, covered with a layer of fine soil after a layer of film, and then arch cover a layer of film, in order to improve the ground temperature of the seedbed. Punch holes in the flat film in time to attract seedlings, so as not to burn the seedlings at high temperatures on sunny days. Seedbed every 7 days in the first month of spraying 1 time, l months after the water sprayed twice a week fertilizer plus the new high fat film, to prevent the infestation of disease, to protect the seedlings thrive. (plant height of 15 cm) every 7-10 days to cut a batch, since the first cut bacteria began to spray 2 times a week of water and fertilizer, the concentration of the appropriate increase, to ensure that the regeneration of the supply of nutrients to the seedlings.
Supply sufficient fertilizer
Select sandy loam plots, early spring combined with ploughing mu 2-3 tons of farmyard manure, urea 15 kg, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer.
Mulch cover
Mulch cover can play a role in increasing temperature and moisture conservation, and at the same time can improve the physicochemical properties of the soil, can increase the temperature difference between day and night of the soil, planting sweet potatoes can be generally used to cover the high ridge double staggered planting method, the whole distance of 60 centimeters, cover 50 centimeters, 40 cm of the small rows, staggered between plants, spacing 33 centimeters, mu to stay about 4,000, the ridge height is moderate, if the If the planting period is too dry, you can use the flat cover flat planting, in order to facilitate the growth of seedlings.
Timely and early planting
Timely and early insertion, reasonably dense planting: mid-April is the right time for seedlings to be inserted, when the perennial early spring temperatures are basically stable, the right time for planting is the end of the late frost, 10 cm of the ground temperature reaches 15 ℃ or more when you can start planting seedlings, the previous year's winter or the beginning of the year, early tilling and sunshine, and planting and then ridging the bed. Border strip is 50cm wide, according to the seedbed seedling emergence speed in April, in the middle of the cut seedlings successively inserted, using the line flat insertion method, increase the number of potato seedling into the soil section in order to improve the number of potatoes. Each mu plug 3500-4000 plants, spacing 33cm or so. Planting time should not exceed April 20, otherwise the harvest time is delayed, will affect the rice planting season Timely and early planting is the key to sweet potato yield, under the appropriate conditions, the earlier the planting, the longer the growth period, the sooner the yields, the more yams, the longer the root expansion time, the higher the yield, and the quality is good; planting too late, the growth period is shortened, the sweet potatoes are fewer and smaller, the yield is low and the quality is poor, the planting of seedlings is the appropriate time to planting is the end of the late frost after the end of the 10 cm. When the ground temperature reaches 15℃ or above, (around mid-April), the ground cover can be appropriately early, you can start planting seedlings, in order to improve the quality of planting to ensure that the seedlings are strong, when planting seedlings, we should eliminate the "old hard seedlings" and weak and sick seedlings, and choose the strongest seedlings, planting, it is best to classify the size of the seedlings and plant them separately, so that they grow in a balanced way, in order to prevent and control the sweetpotato black-ban disease, available 50% methotrexate 1000mg, and the planting of the sweetpotato black-ban disease can be used. In order to prevent sweet potato black class disease, can use 50% of metribuzin 1000 times liquid dip seedling base 2-3 inches, 10 minutes. Sweet potatoes should strive for shallow planting on the basis of ensuring survival, planting depth is generally appropriate to 5-6 cm, planting requirements for sealing the soil tightly, the depth of the same, so that the leaves are exposed to the ground, watering is not mud, seedling exposure to be straight, the seedling should not be exposed to too long, to prevent the wind from dumping seedlings to prevent the impact of the survival of the.
Field management
1, rooting and seedling stage management, rooting and seedling stage is from the planting of new roots to the tuberous roots began to form, lasted about 1 month. Sweet potato planting should be timely checking seedlings to ensure that all seedlings, planting seedlings, such as drought, should be timely watering seedling water, in order to facilitate the rooting of the survival. Generally, after planting, it should be watered once, and then plowing every 10-15 days to loosen the soil, raise the temperature, eliminate weeds, and spray the new high fat film at the right time to promote the rapid growth of plants to facilitate the formation of roots. 2, branching potato stage management, 30-40 days after planting, with the temperature rise, stem and leaf growth accelerate, the tuber continues to form expansion should be timely to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, such as in case of drought can be with the water mu chase 5-8 pounds of urea, watering to early plowing to loosen the soil and preserve moisture, 3, stem and leaf full-grown tuber expansion stage management, the first half of July to the second half of August This period of stem and leaf growth root expansion, leaf area coefficient to reach the maximum, generally in this period, to do to promote the control in the control in the promotion. This period is in the rainy season, high temperature, fast plant growth, in order to prevent futile growth, available 50PPM multi-purpose azole liquid plus ground fruit strong tilling in the field uniform spraying, in order to leaf surface stained with liquid and not flow as good, can promote fruit development, so that the sweet potato high quality and high yield. In this period, the underground tuberous roots expand rapidly, such as drought, need to water, but the amount of water should not be too large, in order to promote the expansion of potatoes, can mu with a bag of puffy pigment (12) grams of water to 15 kilograms of water sprayed once every 7-10 days, sprayed twice in a row. 4, stem and leaf decline tuber expansion stage management, after the middle and end of August, sweet potato growth late, stem and leaf from slow growth until stagnation; nutrient loss to the tuber, the growth center from the ground to the underground, management to protect the stem and leaf to maintain normal physiological function, to promote rapid expansion of the tuber. Management measures to ensure that the soil water content to the field maximum water holding capacity of 60-70%, such as the weather for a long time without rain, soil drought, will make the stem and leaves early decline to affect the formation of carbide, accumulation, resulting in a reduction in yield, so we should timely watering of small water, but in the sweet potato harvest planing before 20 days before the water should not be watered, if the fall flooding, we should drain in time to prevent the hard heart and rot, in the summer before and after the sweet potato leaf The sweetpotato leaves enter the seedling return period. In order to prevent early failure, prolong and enhance photosynthesis in the leaf, promote the potato fat, foliar spray fertilizer, mu with potassium dihydrogen phosphate half a catty to 30-40 kg of water plus the new high fat film 800 times liquid for spraying, spraying every 15 days *** spray twice, such as with the use of expanding veggie effect is better. 5, pick the top. When the main stem of sweet potato grows to 50 centimeters, choose sunny weather in the morning to remove the top bud; branching grows to 35 centimeters when continue to remove the top bud. This method can inhibit the stem from growing, avoid nutrient depletion, promote root expansion, can increase yield by 20%~30%. 6, crack irrigation fertilizer. Sweet potato into the tuber expansion period, the topsoil layer will appear cracks. At this time, per mu with water manure 750~1000 kg, 500 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (also available calcium superphosphate 5 kg, 50 kg of grass ash, respectively, soaked in water and filtered), mixed in manure, the morning or evening along the cracks irrigation, irrigation with the soil to fill the cracks, and spraying the ground fruit strong tilting against deformed fruits, cracked fruits, can increase production by 20%~30%.
Spraying Thymine
When the sweet potato seedling grows to 50~60 cm long, spraying Thymine 10 ml or 20~25 ml per acre, it can play a role in controlling the upper part to promote the lower part, prompting the root of the rapid growth of the role of the yield can be increased by 15%~20%.
Harvesting at the right time
Sweet potato root is asexual nutrient, there is no obvious maturity standards and harvesting period, but harvesting early or late on the sweet potato yield, seed retention, storage, processing and utilization, crop rotation has a close relationship, harvesting too early will reduce the yield, harvesting too late will be subjected to the effects of low temperature and cold, the harvesting of sweet potatoes at the right time, generally in the air temperature drops to 15 ℃ when the beginning of the harvesting of the planing, the air temperature is above 10 ℃ or the ground is above 10 ℃ or the ground is above 10 ℃, or the ground is below the temperature of the planing of the sweet potato. The temperature is above 10℃ or the ground temperature is above 12℃, that is, the harvesting is finished before the frost, and the harvesting is generally finished before and after the cold dew [1].
Edit this section common processing methods
Extra large sweet potato
1, black sweet potato crystals and its manufacturing method 2, a sweet potato or potato production with filling cake processing method 3, sweet potato vine sand overwintering cuttings 4, sweet potatoes and marigolds set of three-dimensional cultivation of the method of cultivation 5, a processing method of sweet potato food 6, sweet potato preservation of fresh powder and its production 7, sweet potato food processing method 8, sweet potato puffed food Processing method of sweet potato food 8, sweet potato puffed food manufacturing method 9, sweet potato flakes and its production method 10, a sweet potato food production method 11, a sweet potato noodle production method 12, sweet potato series food and production process 13, a used in the production of white sweet potato vermicelli with color sweet potato starch decolorization method 14, multi-flavored dried sweet potato 15, a refined white sweet potato vermicelli processing method
Edit this paragraph Paragraph starch processing
Sweet potato processing
Mechanized production process and principles are: production process: conveying - cleaning - crushing - washing - sieving - desanding - precipitation (or concentration) -Dewatering -Drying -Air-cooled packaging.
I, the basic principle of cleaning
The role of cleaning: mainly to remove the sweet potato exterior skin layer of sediment, and wash away the sweet potato root skin. As a raw material for starch production - fresh sweet potato or sweet potato dry slices for cleaning, is to ensure the quality of starch basis. The cleaner the cleaning, the better the quality of starch.
Second, the basic principle of crushing
The role of crushing: sweet potato starch is mainly stored in the fleshy part of the tuber, only a small amount of storage in the inner skin. The purpose of crushing is to destroy the organizational structure of sweet potato, so that the tiny starch particles can be smoothly disintegrated from the tuber to separate out. The starch released from the cells is called free starch; the starch remaining in the cells inside the residue is called bound starch. Crushing is one of the most important processes in the processing of fresh potatoes, it is related to the fresh potato flour rate and the quality of starch, crushing requirements are: 1. As far as possible to make the cells of fresh potatoes rupture, releasing more free starch particles; 2. easy to separate. Do not want the skin residue is too fine, the skin residue is too fine is not conducive to the separation of starch and other ingredients, and increase the difficulty of separating the fine residue.
Three, the basic principle of sieving
Sweet potato pomace is a long and thin fiber, the volume is greater than starch particles, Peng rise coefficient is also greater than starch particles, specific gravity is lighter than the starch particles , will be crushed to break down the slurry, water as a medium, so that the potato pomace contains starch slurry water to further filtration. Sweet potato
Four, purification and precipitation of the basic principles
Mud, sand specific gravity is greater than water, and greater than the specific gravity of starch particles, according to the principle of separation of specific gravity, the use of cyclone desanding, or the use of flow tanks of the sedimentation method, can be achieved a more satisfactory result. The specific gravity of yellow pulp, close to water, and lighter than the specific gravity of starch particles, its shape is palm-shaped, the longer the processing cycle, the greater the performance of the gum, sticky sieve, sticking to the starch particles, extremely difficult to separate, so the requirements of raw materials are fresh, the process is short, timely separation.
Fifth, the basic principle of dehydration
After concentration of starch slurry still contains more water, further dehydration in order to dry.
Sixth, the basic principle of drying
At present, the starch factory generally used air drying (also called rapid drying) the whole process time is completed in a flash, so the starch granules internal water can not be pasted has been dried, so it will not occur paste or degradation phenomenon. Airflow drying is a concurrent drying process, i.e. the concurrent process of wet powder material and hot airflow, which consists of two processes: heat transfer and mass transfer. When the wet starch is in contact with the hot air, the hot air will transfer the heat energy to the surface of the wet starch, and then from the surface to the interior, this process is the heat transfer process; at the same time, the moisture in the wet starch diffuses from the inside of the material to the surface of the starch in a liquid or gaseous state, and the surface of the starch diffuses to the hot air through the air film, which is a mass transfer process. It is to exchange heat with high temperature airflow and wet starch in drying tube in a balanced way, so that the dried starch is in the form of powder, and it can be packed into the warehouse after cooling.
Edit this paragraph sweet potato recipes examples
Sweet potato doll sweet potato doll
Sweet potato sweet, sesame flavor, doll interesting, easy to make, the children love it! Everyone try it! Ingredients: sweet potatoes, fried black sesame seeds Method: 1, sweet potatoes washed and peeled, cut into 1 cm thick slices, flat on a plate, covered with plastic wrap, into the microwave oven on high for 5 minutes. It can also be steamed in a pot. 2: Put the cooked sweet potato into a plastic bag and knead it with your hands while it is still hot. Wear insulated gloves or use a damp towel as a pad, it's very hot. 3: Roll the mashed sweet potato into a small ball. 4, with 2 black sesame seeds glued to the ball when the eyes, 1 when the mouth, into a small person's head, and then in the position of the top of the head glued write black sesame seeds to do the hair, so a cute little doll head is completed. The same method can also be sweet potatoes replaced with rice, to make a lovely rice ball doll. Nutrition: most of the yellow and red vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, tomatoes and other vitamin A content are high, vitamin A can promote the development of bones and teeth, protect the eyes and eyesight, and enhance the ability to fight disease; dietary fiber can absorb water, soften the stool, promote defecation; sesame can be complementary to the deficiency of the blood and intestines, the stool is difficult for the child especially suitable for more food. Groundnut and Cheese Rice Cuisine: Fast Food Risotto Ingredients: Ingredients: 1 groundnut, 1 slice of cheese, 1 cup of white rice, 1 cup of water, 1 cup of seasoning: Salt, 1 tsp, 1/3 tbsp oil, Preparation: (1) Wash the rice, add 1 cup of water and soak it for 15 minutes. (2) Peel and dice the groundnut. Cut the cheese into small pieces and set aside. (3) Add the diced groundnut and oil to the rice and mix slightly. (4) Steam it in the rice cooker, take it out and immediately put in the cheese slices and salt and mix it well[2]
Edit this paragraph Some places also call the groundnuts cool potatoes
Jicama, also known as saguaro, cool potatoes, groundnuts. Native to southern China, Mexico, Central and North America. China's Sichuan, Chongqing area and Taiwan Province cultivated more. For more details, please see Jicama