Zhao Shuli

Zhao Shuli (1906--1970), formerly known as Zhao Shuli, was a native of Yuchi Village, Qingshui County. He is a famous modern fiction writer. Born in a poor peasant family, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1937. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Federation of Literature and Art, a director of the Chinese Writers' Association, and the chairman of the Chinese Opera Association. He was a member of the editorial boards of Opera and People's Literature, a delegate to the Eighth Congress of the Chinese ****anist Party, and a delegate to the first, second, and third sessions of the National People's Congress.

Zhao Shuli occupies an important position in the history of modern Chinese literature. As early as during the Anti-Japanese War, he devoted himself to the popularization and popularization of revolutionary literature and art, and wrote many novels reflecting the social life of the countryside, which were well received by the masses, such as Xiao Erhei Marriage, Li Youcai Board Words, Changes in the Lijiazhuang Village, and Fugui, etc. After the liberation of the country, he continued to go deep into the rural life. After the liberation of the country, he continued to go deep into the rural life, plowed his pen ceaselessly, and was engaged in the Chinese literary world. The short story "Exercise Exercise Exercise", the long commentary "Spirit Spring Cave" (the first collection), as well as "Practical Worker Pan Yongfu", the long story "Sanliwan" and so on, are all loveable.

During the Ten Years of Havoc, Zhao Shuli was severely physically and mentally destroyed, and died on September 23, 1970, at the age of 64, in an unjust manner.

Zhao Shuli is one of the few outstanding writers in China who is truly familiar with the countryside and loves the people. His works have truly reproduced the great changes that have taken place in China's countryside over the past decades, and with their unique national forms and styles, he has made a fruitful contribution to carrying forward the traditions of China's excellent national literature and art and to promoting the popularization of revolutionary literature and art.

Zhao Shuli's Novels and Folklore of Southeast Jin

In the history of Chinese modern and contemporary literature, there is a school of novels called "Yam and Egg School". This school is represented by the famous writer Zhao Shuli, whose works are loved by the readers because of their fresh and simple national forms, lively and popular language, and fresh and rich local flavor. This genre also included a group of novelists such as Ma Fengyong, Xirong, Shuowei, Sun Qian and Hu Zheng. In the late 50's, they formed a group of writers and produced many excellent works with "yam and egg flavor". For example, Zhao Shuli's Xiao Erhei Marriage, Li Youcai Board Talk, Sanliwan, Li Jiazhuang Changes, Registration, Ma Feng's Three Years' Knowledge, My First Superior, Xirong's Covering the Horse Barn, The Girl's Secret, Sun Qian's The Story of Scars, Hu Zheng's Two Coquettish Daughters-in-Law, as well as the works of young writers such as Han Wenzhou, Yang Maolin, Li Yimin, Yiwu, and Chengyi.

Zhao Shuli, the founder of the "Yam and Egg School", is known as the "Iron Pen" and "Sacred Hand" of modern novels for his great literary achievements, and occupies an important position in the history of modern literature. The reasons for his success are manifold. The reason for his success is multi-faceted, one of the important reasons is that he is rooted in the soil of his hometown in Southeast Jin, familiar with the countryside, love of the people, a large number of depictions of the unique regional folklore of Southeast Jin, or as a work of deep folk culture background, or as a means of shaping the characters, revealing the psychology of the characters, and advancing the development of the characters, showing a distinctive national characteristics.

Zhao Shuli's novels are valuable in that through his own aesthetic processing, he transformed the chaotic and simple folklore into a living subject of literary creation, which specifically and y reflected the rural life in the Taihang area from the 1930s to the 1960s, and exhibited a vivid picture scroll of rural customs for the audience.

Zhao Shuli's novels cover almost all aspects of folklore in Southeast Jin, including production and labor, food and housing, marriage and funeral, religious beliefs, folklore and art, and the most prominent are the following three aspects.

First, the family, family and village society folklore. In the second section of Sanliwan, the living environment of Wang Baoquan and Wang Jinsheng is introduced, and the kiln houses and the custom of using them are introduced in the order of east, west, south and north. For example, the division of the four kiln holes in the west is as follows: the two brothers Jinsheng and Yusheng have married and started a family, and each lives in one hole. Wang Baoquan and his wife live in one hole. Daughter Yumei live in a hole, but it is a set of kilns, and parents live in the hole kiln connected, with windows and no door, in and out must go through the parents' door. This shows that, on the one hand, the daughter is big, and parents need to live separately; on the other hand, because she is not married, to be careful to prevent transgressions, and the parents of the kiln strung together, every move can be subject to parental supervision, constraints. Here, the kiln is no longer a simple material object, but a traditional folk psychology, becoming a comprehensive cultural phenomenon.

Sanliwan

also describes the division of labor, economic distribution, life management, and the complex relationship between the members of two old-fashioned big families, revealing the influence of parental authority and the old ethical concepts on the old-fashioned families. The description of "eating pancakes", a folk custom in the countryside of Southeast Jin, in Changes in the Lijiazhuang is even more profound in social connotations. The folklore of "eating pancakes" is characterized by the fact that when a dispute arises in a village, the two parties invite the head of the village, the patriarch, or an influential figure in the local community to comment on the dispute during the eating of pancakes, which takes place in the temple of the village. When the judge makes a decision, the losing party is held responsible and pays for the pancake eating. In the novel, a farmer, Zhang Tieliao, has a dispute with the nephew of the village chief, Li Ruzhen. The village chief arbitrarily assesses Zhang Tieliao as the loser, occupies Zhang Tieliao's land, and makes him pay for the cost of eating the pancakes. Zhang Tie lock went home and said a few words in anger, was heard by the village chief's people, the couple was sent to jail, and finally compensated for the land and real estate, before ending the difficulty. The work profoundly exposed the set of divine right, the power of the feudal forces in one agent, relying on the support of the warlord ruler, the brutal oppression of the working people.

Second, the custom of love and marriage. In Zhao Shuli's novels, there are a lot of love and marriage customs to reflect the ideological outlook of peasant life and the spirit of the times. The three immortal nuns in Xiao Er Hei Marriage were just 15 years old when they married Yu Fu in the 1930s, and they were the first handsome daughter-in-law in the front and back of the village. However, under the influence of backward and ignorant superstitious thinking, she gradually became a woman who pretended to be a ghost and competed for beauty. Although she was already forty-five years old, she preferred to be an old man, still embroidered on the shoes, pants faded on the still want to set the edge", every day to smear powder, disguise and dress up a bit. The author paints a picture of a woman with a sick mind and a distorted character, exposing the evil consequences of feudal marriage. The little moth in "The Register" had already had a good match named Guan, but her parents married her to Carpenter Zhang. Although she was extremely reluctant, but also in accordance with traditional wedding customs topped with a red skullcap, blowing was carried to the in-laws, any young man to the new house, as usual in the first day of the New Year by two women assisted by the kowtow to the family, pay homage to the New Year, take her husband "back to his mother's home". Later, because of the exchange of love tokens with the security guard, and was beaten by Zhang carpenter, her mother-in-law and the neighbors also think she "reputation is not right". The tragedy of Little Moth's marriage is also caused by feudalism. The movie "Evil is not suppressed" shows women's resistance against unreasonable marriages, reflecting the intricate class conflicts and the changes of the times. The "Luohan money" in "Registration" is a token of love that has been used by moths and mothers and daughters for two generations, and it is also a unique custom in Southeast Jin, with deep symbolic significance.

Third, the use of folk art expression. Zhao Shuli successfully draws on the technique of "storytelling" in folk art, using stories to set stories, setting up ingenious loops, and attracting people, so that the plot is not only coherent, but also varied. The use of language, a large number of refinement of the masses of Southeast Jin's colloquialisms, colloquial and expressive, so that the novel shows a kind of "colorful beauty".