Introduction
Management knowledge is tested more frequently in the examinations of some provincial and municipal institutions. The test methods are mainly comprehension questions, among which the test of various "effects" is The key point is also the difficult point. Students need to contact the cases to understand and memorize more, so that they can be more skillful in the exam, score this part of the questions smoothly, and obtain ideal results.
1. Butterfly effect
The most common explanation of the butterfly effect is that a butterfly in the tropical rainforest of the Amazon River Basin in South America occasionally flaps its wings a few times, which can cause symptoms after two weeks. Caused a tornado in Texas, USA. The reason is that the movement of the butterfly's flapping wings causes changes in the air system around it and generates weak airflow, and the generation of weak airflow will cause corresponding changes in the surrounding air or other systems, thus causing a chain reaction, and ultimately Lead to drastic changes in other systems. Of course, the "butterfly effect" is mainly a metaphor about chaos theory, and it is also a real reaction of the butterfly effect. It often refers to an inconspicuous small action that can cause a series of huge reactions.
2. Catfish effect
The catfish effect originated from a story. Norwegians like to eat sardines. The fishermen tried every means to get the sardines to the fishing port alive, but they still died due to suffocation during transportation. A large number of sardines died. However, there is a fishing boat that can always bring sardines back to the fishing port alive. The mystery was not revealed until the captain died. It turns out that the old captain deliberately put a few catfish that feed on sardines into the sardine tank and let them swim around. The sardines were very nervous, bumped left and right, evaded in all directions, and accelerated their swimming to obtain a large amount of oxygen, thereby prolonging the life of the fish. its survival time. The essence of the "catfish effect" is the spirit of motivation, which generates motivational factors through motivation. The role of the "catfish effect" is to mobilize the positive factors of members, effectively activate the enthusiasm and passion of employees for work, and allow employees to show their vitality driven by stimulation, so that they can better serve the development of the enterprise.
3. Matthew Effect
The Matthew Effect refers to the phenomenon that the strong become stronger and the weak become weaker. It is widely used in the fields of social psychology, education, finance and science. The Matthew Effect is a term commonly used by sociologists and economists. It reflects the social phenomenon of polarization, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. The name comes from a parable in the Bible's Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament: "To everyone who has, more will be given to him, so that he may have excess; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him." The "Matthew Effect" is contrary to the "Principle of Balance"; it is similar to the "28/20 Law" and is a very important natural law.
4. The 28/20 rule
The 28/20 rule was discovered by Italian economist Valledo in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He studied the wealth and wealth of all classes of British society in the 19th century. Income statistical analysis found that 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20% of people, while 80% of people only own 20% of social wealth. This is the "80/20 rule", which reflects an imbalance. It points out that there is such a typical imbalance between cause and result, input and output, effort and reward: 80% of the results are attributed to 20% of the effort; 80% of the products on the market may be 20% Produced by enterprises; 20% of customers may bring 80% of profits to merchants. Enterprises that follow the "Twenty-Eight Rule" can often seize a few key customers in their operations and management, accurately position them, strengthen services, and achieve twice the result with half the effort. The 28/20 rule also applies to our lives. For example, a person should choose to pursue excellence in a few things without having to insist on good performance in everything, and lock in a few life goals that can be accomplished without pursuing excellence. All opportunities.
5. Parkinson’s Law
Parkinson’s Law can also be called “organizational paralysis” or “large enterprise disease”. It was proposed by the British historian and political scientist Cyril Northgood Parkinson in 1958. Parkinson concluded that in administrative management, administrative agencies will continue to increase like a pyramid, and administrative personnel will Continuously expanding, everyone is busy, but organizational efficiency is getting lower and lower. This law is also known as the "rising pyramid" phenomenon. Parkinson elaborated on the causes and consequences of agency staff expansion. An incompetent official may have three ways out. The first is to apply for resignation and give up his seat to a capable person; the second is to ask a capable person to assist him in his work; The third is to appoint two people with lower levels than yourself as assistants. You must never take this first path, which is tantamount to suicide; you can't take the second path either, because the capable person will become your opponent; it seems that only the third path is the most suitable. So, two mediocre assistants shared his work, and he himself gave orders from above. Since the two assistants are incompetent, they will follow the example and find two more incompetent assistants for themselves. By analogy, a leadership system is formed that is bloated, overstaffed, at odds with each other, and inefficient. This law not only appears in officialdom, but also in many organizations. This Parkinson's phenomenon can be seen.
6. Halo effect
The halo effect is also called the halo effect. It is a factor that affects interpersonal perception. The quality or characteristic of this strong perception of love is like Like the halo of the moon, it diffuses and spreads around, so people vividly call this psychological effect the halo effect. The opposite of the halo effect is the devil effect, that is, having a bad impression of a certain quality of a person or a certain characteristic of an item will cause people to have a lower evaluation of other qualities of the person or other characteristics of the item. . Celebrity effect is a typical halo effect. It is not difficult to find that most companies promote their products by looking for famous singers and movie stars to shoot advertisements, and rarely see those little-known people, because the products launched by celebrities are more likely to be recognized by everyone. In order for a company to make its products known and accepted by the public, a shortcut is to associate the company's image or products with celebrities and let celebrities promote the company. In this way, the "fame" of celebrities can be used to help companies gather greater popularity, so that when people think of the company's products, they think of the celebrities connected to them, thereby increasing the product's popularity and sales.
?