Kale (cabbage) Cabbage is native to Europe and was introduced to Taiwan when it was occupied by the Dutch, and was introduced in China in the 14th century.

Currently the world's most widely used popular vegetables, it is green, white and purple; purple because of the thicker fiber, less into the dish, more to do lettuce and plate decoration. According to the shape of the ball, round, flat round, pointed ball, but also similar ornamental plants, such as colorful leaves and spores kale and so on.

Kale is a biennial herb, the root system is mainly distributed in the soil layer within 30cm. The stems are short, divided into inner and outer short stems, the outer short stems bear rosette leaves, and the inner short stems bear bulbous leaves. The leaves of kale include cotyledons, basal leaves, seedling leaves, rosette leaves, and bulbous leaves, which are dark green to green, with smooth leaf surfaces, plump leaf flesh, and powdery wax on the leaf surfaces, which reduces water transpiration, and thus makes kale more drought-resistant than Chinese cabbage. Flowers are in racemes, cross-pollinated, and all varieties and species of kale hybridize with each other. The fruit is a longhorn fruit with round, reddish-brown or blackish-brown seeds, weighing about 4g per thousand grains.

Under normal circumstances, the north to autumn kale seed harvesting, the first year of the formation of leaf ball, complete nutritional growth, after the winter low temperature to complete the vernalization, the second spring through the long sunshine to complete the photoperiod and flowering and fruiting. Its growth process through the various growth periods and cabbage is basically the same. But the number of days required for each growth period is longer, the germination period needs 8 - 10 days; seedling period needs 25 - 30 days; rosette period, early maturing varieties need 20 - 25 days, medium and late maturing varieties need 30 - 35 days. varieties need 30--35 days; ball stage, early-maturing varieties need 20--25 days, medium- and late-maturing varieties need 30--50 days.

Kale is a strong winter crop, from nutrient growth to reproductive growth on the strict requirements of environmental conditions, requiring seedlings to grow to a certain size before accepting low-temperature induction, in the 0 - 12 ° C, after 50 - 90 days can complete the Vernalization. With regard to photoperiod, the pointed and flat-headed varieties have less stringent requirements, while the ballpoint pen-headed varieties are more stringent in requiring long days of sunlight. After entering the reproductive growth period, they generally go through the shoot, flowering and fruiting periods. The flowering period takes 30 - 40 days and the fruiting period takes 40 - 50 days.

Kale before the ball, such as low temperature conditions, or in the seedling period to meet the requirements of its vernalization, planting once encountered long sunshine conditions, there may be "uncooked shoots" phenomenon, the formation of the leaf ball is blocked to generate a reduction in yield. In recent years, spring kale using improved sun beds or plastic greenhouse nursery, both to avoid low temperatures, but also greatly shorten the nursery period, to prevent undercooked shoots, to ensure that early maturity and abundant production has good results.