On May 14, IDF announced the theme of "Healthy Diet and Diabetes" on World Diabetes Day 20 14 (June 65438+14).
Diabetes is a common and frequently-occurring disease, which has become the second biggest killer of the global population, and its harm to human body is second only to cancer. The World Health Organization called it "the disaster of 2 1 century". The epidemiological survey of diabetes in China shows that China has become the largest diabetes country in the world, and the number of diabetic patients in China is as high as 654.38+0.22 billion, which is on the rise and seriously threatens human health. The World Health Organization has listed diabetes as one of the three difficult diseases.
October 4th is Wanjin's birthday. Together with Charles Best, he discovered insulin in 1920, and reported this work for the first time on165438+1October 14 the following year. They won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this. In order to commemorate their great contribution to the treatment of diabetes, the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation named the birthday of Canadian scientist Wanjin as "World Diabetes Day", starting from 199 10. Its purpose is to arouse the global awareness and awakening of diabetes. Because diabetes develops, it may damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves, so the theme is different. 20 14 theme slogan of world diabetes day: healthy diet and diabetes. 20 14 World Diabetes Day will continue to take "Diabetes: Protecting Our Future" as the slogan. The activity will continue to promote the concept of "take immediate action to protect the health of future generations and benefit diabetics and high-risk groups".
Diabetes has become an invisible killer of people's health. At present, the number of diabetic patients in China is as high as 65.438+0.22 billion. The prevalence rate is as high as 9.7%, which means that every four adults have a hyperglycemia state. The pre-diabetes population is 654.38+48 million, and it is estimated that the number of diabetic patients will reach 654.38+29.7 million in 2030. Diabetes seriously affects people's health and life, causing serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys and nerves, especially to the eyes.
With the increasing incidence of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy has become the main cause of blindness among working people aged 20-65. Every year, 3 million to 4 million people in the world are blinded by this disease, and the blindness rate is 25 times higher than that of non-diabetic patients 10.
According to experts, diabetes is mainly related to genetic factors and lifestyle. Overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for diabetes in children and adolescents. Under normal circumstances, due to improper diet, obesity and long-term overeating, the transport function of the spleen is damaged, and the stomach is stagnant, the heat is dry, and the yin is depleted, which makes the stomach dry and hot, and the hunger is aggravated, which is easy to cause diabetes. Therefore, the prevention of diabetes reminds citizens to start from their daily lives, pay attention to eating rules, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, pay attention to more exercise, lose weight moderately, and avoid diabetes endangering their health.
Experts remind that due to hyperglycemia, microvascular lesions in various tissues and organs of the whole body are caused, microvascular cells are damaged, and the barrier function of blood vessels is destroyed, resulting in pathological changes and dysfunction of various organs. Only in ophthalmology, diabetes will cause many complications, such as conjunctival hemangioma, corneal hypoesthesia, dry eye, ametropia, ophthalmoplegia, metabolic cataract, iris neovascular glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and so on. Among them, diabetic retinopathy, commonly known as diabetic retinopathy, is the most serious eye complication of diabetes.
According to the World Health Organization, diabetic retinopathy is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness all over the world. According to experts, five years after the onset of diabetes, about 25% of diabetic patients have different degrees of diabetic retinopathy; About 50% patients have diabetic retinopathy after 16 years; After 15 years, the proportion of diabetic retinopathy reached about 75%. With the extension of the course of diabetes, almost 100% will have retinopathy.
However, if diabetes can be controlled in time, nearly 90% of the visual impairment or blindness caused by diabetes can be completely avoided. The cost of early prevention is much lower than that of late treatment, and the curative effect is better. However, many people and patients lack the necessary knowledge and understanding of diabetes and its eye diseases. Many patients with diabetes don't go to the eye clinic until their eyesight is severely reduced or even blind, which delays the precious treatment opportunity.
Experts remind: diabetic patients should pay more attention to protecting their eyes, actively and effectively control diabetes, and make their blood sugar drop to normal or close to normal level. If eye complications are found early, a comprehensive eye examination should be carried out and reviewed once a year. If there is retinopathy, the follow-up time of ophthalmology should be shortened, such as once every six months or once every three months. In addition, diabetic women should have an eye examination before the planned pregnancy/within 0/2 months of kloc-and when the pregnancy is confirmed, and then check it regularly according to the doctor's requirements. If the retina bleeds repeatedly into the vitreous body, the patient will feel a shadow fluttering in front of him. When a large number of blood vessels or new blood vessels bleed into the vitreous cavity, it will seriously affect vision and even blindness.
So, how to prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy?
1, blood sugar is controlled at normal or near normal level, and blood pressure is controlled in normal range 140/90 mmHg.
2. Properly control diet, strengthen exercise and control blood sugar.
3, early examination of vision and fundus, early treatment, keep vision, improve the quality of life.
For diabetes, we must find and treat it early, and choose the right treatment method, so as not to aggravate the condition and lead to the deterioration of the condition, and the consequences will be very serious.
When it comes to diabetes, people immediately think of middle-aged and elderly people: you have to be alert to this "geriatric disease". As we all know, children also suffer from diabetes. Moreover, the number of children with diabetes in the world is increasing rapidly, and the situation is grim.
The number of children with diabetes in China is increasing at an annual rate of 10%. Now that living conditions are good, children like to eat sweet, fried and high-calorie food, exercise less and do not consume. After a long time, chubby with diabetes susceptibility gene will have insulin resistance, and the increase of insulin secretion level will lead to the increase of blood sugar and diabetes.
According to the US Daily Health News, a recent study shows that if you are diagnosed with diabetes, your life expectancy will be shortened by 8 years, and diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from heart disease than non-diabetic patients.
Diabetes is like an invisible soft knife covered with anesthetic, which gradually erodes people's physical and mental health. How to avoid this kind of injury? How to prevent diabetes? So far, there is no cure for diabetes. Drug therapy, exercise therapy and diet therapy are also called the three major therapies for diabetes, and they are indispensable.
According to the evidence provided by scientific experiments, eating more whole wheat and crude fiber foods is conducive to maintaining healthy insulin levels. Recently, a study published by American scientists shows that people who eat a lot of whole wheat food for a long time are not prone to diabetes. Researchers say that people who regularly eat whole wheat and crude fiber foods can prevent "metabolic syndrome", thus reducing the chances of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Patients with 1 type diabetes rarely have chronic complications within 5 years after diagnosis. On the contrary, patients with type 2 diabetes have chronic complications before diagnosis. According to statistics, 50% patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes have one or more chronic complications, and some patients are found to have diabetes because of complications.
Experts remind: Diabetes is not terrible, but its complications. At present, for diabetes, ordinary drug treatment can only temporarily alleviate the condition, but it can't cure diabetes. Don't blindly seek medical treatment.
Many people think that diabetes is caused by "sugar", and preventing diabetes means not eating "sugar". In fact, "sugar" is only one factor in the diet of diabetes, not the whole. People with diabetes need comprehensive nutrition more than normal people. Don't be absolutely partial to one food, and have a reasonable and balanced diet. Diabetic patients should pay attention to the following seven points in their daily diet:
1, food diversification, sweet potato is the foundation, and the thickness is matched; 2. Adhere to regular quantitative meals and advocate eating less and eating more; 3. Appropriately increase dietary fiber intake; 4. Drink plenty of water and limit drinking; 5. Reduce the intake of fat and sugar; 6. Reduce salt intake; 7. Reduce the consumption of edible oil and have a light and low-salt diet.
Winter is the season when diabetes gets worse and has more complications, so diabetic patients should enhance their awareness of self-care. The daily diet of diabetics is not much different from that of normal people, but it should be regular, not as casual as normal people. Staple foods such as rice and noodles should be controlled, and sugar and cakes should not be eaten. Dietotherapy is not a once and for all thing. It needs to be implemented every day, and it will take a long time to see the effect.
In order to control blood sugar, diabetics sometimes limit their diet excessively, but this is not scientific. Because patients have different physiological needs from ordinary people, the lack of certain nutrients may aggravate the occurrence and development of diabetes.
We should establish a correct concept, diversify the diet structure and achieve a comprehensive and balanced nutritional intake. Plant-based food is the main diet, protein is appropriately restricted, fat, tobacco, alcohol and sugary drinks are strictly restricted, and high-fiber food is advocated. On the basis of reasonable diet, diabetic patients should also supplement some vitamins and mineral supplements appropriately to ensure the comprehensive and balanced intake of nutrients and effectively prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes. Let's eat reasonably and healthily to prevent diabetes.