Grape varieties are divided into table grape varieties and wine grape varieties, and the grapes we usually see are table grapes. Wine grapes belong to (Ampelidecase) family, and all wine grape varieties belong to (Vitis) family and (Ampelidecase) 10 family and genus, among which (Vitis Vinifera) is the most important, because 99.99% of the wines in the world are brewed with (Vitis Vinifera) grape varieties. Grape is a variety used to brew good wine in Europe at present. There are more than 8,000 kinds of grapes that can make wine in the world, but there are only about 50 kinds of grapes that can make good wine, which can be roughly divided into white grapes and red grapes. White grapes, colors are turquoise, yellow and so on. Mainly used for brewing sparkling wine and white wine. Red grapes are black, blue, purplish red and deep red, some have dark pulp and some are colorless like white grapes. Therefore, red grapes with white flesh can be peeled and juiced to make white wine. For example, (Black Pi Nuo) can be used to make champagne and white wine.

Cabernet Sauvignon

English name Cabernet Sauvignon. Originated in France, it is a traditional fine variety of red wine brewed in Bordeaux, France. All the countries that produce wine in the world have large-scale cultivation. China was first introduced by Yantai Changyu Company on 1892. It is the largest red grape variety in China at present. This variety is easy to grow, has strong adaptability and high wine quality, and can be made into rich and thick red wine, which is suitable for long-term storage. However, it must be blended with other varieties (such as Merlot) and stored in oak barrels to obtain high-quality wine. In China, it is also called "Three Beads" with Pinlizhu and Snake Dragon Ball. In Changli, Hebei Province, the planting area is the largest, and grapes perform best.

Pinlizhu

English name (Cabinet France) Cabernet Fran. Alias Carmen Knight, formerly known as Cabernet. Originated in France, it is an ancient wine-making variety in Bordeaux and Loire, France, and a sister variety of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon. China was first introduced into Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. This variety is a world-famous ancient variety for brewing white wine. Fruity, light and soft, most of them can't be stored for a long time. Its wine quality is not as good as Cabernet Sauvignon, and its adaptability is not as good as Cabernet Sauvignon. Usually with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. In recent years, more and more single varieties of Cabernet Fran have appeared in California.

Moerle

English name (Merlot). Alias Melno and Melo. It originated in France and cooperated with other famous varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon) to produce excellent dry red wine in Bordeaux, France. China was first introduced into Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. This variety is an ancient wine-making variety in France, which is used for blending to improve the fruit aroma and color of wine.

Jialiniang

English name (Carignane). Alias Jiali wine, French red, Cabernet Sauvignon, fine wine. Originated in Spain, it is one of the ancient high-quality wine-making varieties in western European countries. China was first introduced into Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe in 1892. The brewed wine is ruby red, with positive taste and good aroma, which is suitable for blending with other varieties. Peeling can be made into white wine or pink wine, which is easy to cultivate and produce, and can be used to blend red wine and make brandy.

Heipinle

English name (Pinot Noir) Pi Nuo Nova. Alias Pinot Noir, Pinot Noir, Black Pi Nuo, etc. Originated in France, it is an ancient famous wine-making species. China first introduced Yantai, Shandong Province from Western Europe on 1892, and Changli, Hebei Province on 1936. This variety is the main variety of famous French champagne and pink wine. Early maturity, thin skin, low pigment and low yield. It is suitable for colder regions. It has strict requirements on soil and climate. It can be made into dry white wine, white wine and very good sparkling wine by peeling and fermentation, and it is one of the most important grape varieties of champagne. The wine is not dark in color and suitable for long-term storage. This is a very difficult grape variety to grow and brew, and it is called a headache in California wineries. The best growing area of this exquisite and noble grape variety is Burgundy, where it performs best. Meanwhile, red wine from Burgundy may be the most luxurious and expensive wine in the world. Full of flavor, when young, it has a strong fruit flavor (some people jokingly call it horse urine flavor) and berry flavor such as strawberry and cherry. When it is mature, it is rich in varieties, with the fragrance of spices, animals and leather. When it is mature and aged, it tastes sweet and very pleasing to the eye. In Germany, it is called Spatburgun der, which is mainly used to produce light, soft and early-maturing red wine. It also performed well in California, Ohio, Austria and New Zealand.

Snake dragon ball

English name (Cabernet Gernischt). It belongs to the Cabernet Sauvignon strain. Eurasian species. Originated in France, it is one of the ancient varieties in France. It is a sister variety of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon. 1892 attracted people to China. Now there are many cultivations in Yantai, Shandong Province.

The background color of tender shoots is yellow-green, with dark purple-red additional color and sparse fluff. Leaf blade is small, thin, edge rolled down, round or heart-shaped, five-lobed, upper fissure is deep and closed, lower fissure is shallow, open, wrinkled, but not rough, with sparse fluff on the back of leaf, serrations and protrusions on both sides of leaf margin, open petiole, harp-shaped and pointed at the bottom. Flowers are bisexual. Ears are medium and large, with an average ear weight of 232g and conical shape. The fruit density is moderate, the average grain weight is 2.0 1g, round and purple-black, the juice yield is 76%, the soluble solids is 20%, and the acid content is 0.6 1%. The wine brewed with it is ruby red, clear and shiny, soft and refreshing, typical Cabernet Sauvignon, and of high quality.

This plant has strong growth potential. The fruiting branches account for 70% of the total number of bud eyes, and the average number of fruit ears on each fruiting branch is 1.23 ~ 1.6, so the yield is moderate. The growth days from germination to full maturity were 65438 038 days, and the active accumulated temperature was 3267.6℃. It matures in late August in Beijing, and belongs to middle-late maturity variety. Strong adaptability, drought resistance, anthracnose and black pox resistance, moderate resistance to white rot and downy mildew, no fruit cracking and no sunburn. Suitable for hedge cultivation and pruning of short and medium branches.

Snake Dragon Ball is a world-famous variety for brewing red wine. Suitable for planting in Shandong, Southeast, North China and Northwest China.

Jialiniang

English name (Carignan). It used to be made from a famous wine. Originally from France, it was introduced in 19 15.

Shensuo

English name (Sinsaut). Originally from France, it was introduced in 1980.

okay

English name (Gamay) Mei Jia or Mei Jia. I used the name Black Mei Jia and Red Mei Jia. Originally from France, it was introduced in 1978. It is an important grape variety in southern Burgundy and Loire region of France, accounting for more than half of Burgundy red wine production. Generally speaking, you should drink it while it is hot. However, if it is produced in Braujolais Cru, such as Moulin-A-Vent, the red wine produced there can also be Chen Fang. It is characterized by low tannin content, rich fruit fragrance and beautiful light purple color. It often smells of pears and violets, especially Braurjolais Nouveau, and often smells of pears, bananas and bubble gum. It is one of the best choices for beginners, with low astringency, high fruit fragrance and easy to eat after cooling.

Granacha

English name (Grenache). It was Glenn Nash. Originally from Spain, it was introduced in 1980.

Yayoi era

English name (Mission). From Spain.

Nebiolo

English name (nebi olo)nebi olo. It used to be Na Bihoro. Originally from Italy, 198 1 introduced. Late-maturing varieties with high fruit acid, high pigment and high tannin. Mainly distributed in Piedmont, among which barolo and Baba Leiskow are the most famous producing areas. The quality of wine can be comparable to that of first-class Bordeaux red wine. As deep as a cup of tea, the wine is rich in flavor and strong in taste, with the aroma of clove, pepper, licorice, plum, dried plum, rose and bitter chocolate, which is very suitable for long-term storage.

Wildo

English name (Petit Verdot). I used the name Wei. Originally from France. 1892.

A carved gem

English name (Ruby Cabernet). Once used the famous gem Bai Na. Originated in America, introduced in 1980.

sangiovese

English name (Sangiovese) Sangiovese. Originally from Italy, 198 1 introduced. It is mainly planted in central Italy (Tuscany), among which Chianti, Brunello di montalcino and Montpuccino are the most famous wines. Less pigment, high acidity, high tannin, simple and refreshing wine type, strong and rich, with the taste of tobacco and spices.

selah

English name (Syrah/Shiraz) Shiha. Originally from France, it was introduced in 1980. It is mainly planted in the Longhe region in southern France and is also the most important variety in Australia. Suitable for warm climate, it can brew wine with dark color, rich flavor and strong spicy taste. When young, flowers (especially violets) and berries are dominant, and when mature, there will be peppers, cloves, leather and animals. The ability to age is no less than that of Cabernet Sauvignon. Although Syrah originated in France, it has been fully played in Australia, and its rich and refreshing fragrance makes people linger.

Zeng fangde

English name (Zinfandel) gold. Originally from Italy, but found in the United States, introduced by 1980. Only California in the world has developed it to the extreme. It can be said that make the best use of everything. In California, it can brew many different types of wines, from light, fresh, fruity and sweet white powder to high-quality, storable and rich red wine, from sparkling wine to non-sparkling wine, and even sweet red wine. It can be said to be a performance school among grapes.

Murvid

English names (Mourvedre) Muerweide and Muhewaite: Medium yield, flowering from June 5 to 15, and ripening at 10 in early June. I like sunshine and warm climate, especially in the mature period. Sensitive to the wind, it needs a small amount of regular precipitation. Tannin content is ideal for red wine, and the intensity and quality of aroma will increase with aging. Strong oxidation resistance, used to prolong the freshness of wine and increase the aroma in some pink wines.

Mourvedre came from Provence in the16th century and was introduced to Spain in large quantities, probably because Provence belonged to Catalonia at that time. In France, there are still 7,500 hectares of land planted with this variety, which is an important variety in Provence and languedoc. Casis, Bondola, Provence and other Mediterranean grape producing areas are ideal places because they are particularly late-maturing and need the heat of autumn tigers.

Wunvshan iced wine

Vidal grape is a hybrid between Europe and America, which is the hybrid offspring of Ugni blanc and Sai phyll (Seibe 1). The ice wine produced by it has pleasant fruit fragrance and rich floral fragrance.

This variety has good fruit setting, even if it is damaged by late frost, it can still bear secondary fruit. Thick peel and large ear; Natural acidity is high, which is the main variety for brewing ice wine.

The definition of ice wine in "National Standard" is: grapes are harvested late. When the temperature is below -7℃, the grapes are kept on the branches for a certain period of time, frozen, harvested, pressed and fermented in the frozen state, and brewed into wine.

The definition of Canadian VQA standard is: when the temperature is below -8℃, the wine is made from grapes naturally frozen on the vines.

black wine,vin noir

In addition to the red, white and pink of wine, today, African blacks have also created a new color, black. Of course, wine can't be black. "Black wine" actually refers to the wine brewed by the winery run by black people and responsible for brewing. South African wine is the product of "immigrant culture".

South Africa is one of the six major grape producing areas in the world today, and the Cape region with typical Mediterranean climate is rich in South African wines.

Hot wine (wine)

Hot wine is produced in Sava region, and its history can be traced back to hundreds of years ago. . .

Sava mostly belongs to mountainous areas. People grow grapes and make wine in the valley. Merchants put wine in vats and transported it to the mountains by camels. The villagers exchanged cheese for wine, and added spices such as dried lemon peel, dried orange peel, cinnamon and clove to the wine and heated it. It is cold in the mountains in winter, so drinking hot wine is one of the effective ways to keep out the cold. In addition, leftover red wine can also be used, so hot red wine has become a popular drink in Sawa in winter.

Chardonnay (Chardonnay)

Alias Chardonnay and Chardonnay. Originated in France, it is an excellent variety for brewing white wine. Mainly cultivated in France, the United States, Australia and other countries. China was first introduced into Shacheng, Hebei Province from France in 1979, and then from France, the United States and Australia for many times. At present, it is cultivated in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Xinjiang.

This variety is an excellent variety of dry white wine and champagne in Burgundy, France. It is used as a raw material for brewing high-grade dry white wine in Qingdao and Shacheng, China.

Longyan

Alias autumn purple, lion's eye, cat's eye, tiger's eye, purple grape and so on. Eurasian species, native to China, is an ancient and extremely late-maturing fine variety in China. It is cultivated all over the country, especially in Lanzhou, Gansu, Qingxu, Pingdu, Shanxi, Changli, Zhangjiakou and other places, and it is also a famous grape producing area in China. This variety is an ancient and famous wine-making variety in China, which matures late and is fresh to eat. The wine brewed with it is of good quality. China's famous Great Wall dry white wine is made from it, and it is also a good variety of sparkling wine and sweet wine.