⑴ Xixi: Located in the west of Zizhou (now Santai County).

⑵Guo: Outer city.

⑶Jin jug: This refers to drinking.

(4) Singing in pain: Chanting repeatedly and pondering over it. He is extremely serious when writing poems. Defense: The word fāng here means comparison and resistance. Liu Yun (yùn): "Liang Shu·Liu Yun Biography": "Liu Yun's writing is smooth, he knows people in Hedong, and he has a lot of work. He wrote a poem: 'Under the leaves of Tinggao, the autumn clouds are flying at the head of Long.' Langya Wang Rongshu's Zhaibi entered the Liang Dynasty and became the secretary and supervisor, and eventually became the prefect of Wuxing." ⑸ Yang Zhu: "Huainanzi Shuo Lin": "Yang Zi cried when he saw Kui Lu, because he could go south. , you can go north."

⑹ "Yehe" sentence: "Bao Puzi": "King Mu of Zhou marched south, and his army was exhausted: the gentleman was like an ape and like a crane; the villain was like an insect like sand."

⑺Da Fu Song: "Han Guan Yi": "The First Emperor of Qin came to Mount Tai and rested under the pine tree when a sudden storm came, because he named the tree the Five Da Fu." "Hanshu Notes": "The Five Da Fu, Qin The ninth title. ”

⑻ Often sick: often in a bad mood.

⑼Cén: deserted, lonely. This poem is a sad work written by the poet in his later years. The first couplet mentions the title and laments that I can only travel alone without anyone to accompany me, which corresponds to the concluding sentence "calm". This is the main theme of this poem, which can be said to be the poetic eye of this poem

The following three couplets all express the loneliness and calmness of the poet's life. The couplets can only recite poetry every day like Liu Yun, and like Yang Zhu, who is sad and sheds tears because he has no choice but to worry and worry, and writes about the misery of life. The interpretation of these two sentences by commentators in the past seems to be inadequate. Feng Hao said: "Liu Zhongying and his son both wrote poems and essays, but Yang Ben was better than the virtuous and wrote four or six of his works. Is this what he borrowed?" Interpreting poems in this way can be said to be a common mistake made by all commentators of Li Shangyin's poems. , not worth mentioning. Because Li Shangyin's poems are often hazy and obscure, annotators can't help but be suspicious. When they see the word "Liu", they suspect it is Liu Zhongying, and when they see the word "Yang", they suspect it refers to Yang Bensheng. To understand these two sentences, you must first understand in detail the word "who is worthy" in the second sentence, "who is worthy of drinking the jug". These two sentences follow the second sentence and implement the word "who is worthy". Therefore, the inner meaning of these two sentences is: There are people who can match Liu Yun's literary talent, but I am afraid that he will chant bitterly; there are people who can match Yang Zhu's knowledge, but I am afraid that he will cry too much.

The neck couplet can only be friends with wild cranes and cold pines, which also highlights the loneliness of life. It also shows the poet’s boredom with the world around him. The poet thinks that the wild cranes and cold pines in the suburbs of Xixi are far better than those The secular world is one's confidant, which shows the poet's aloof character. The last couplet is the poet's self-explanation. Far away in the world, people are becoming more and more "sick". At such a time, feeling calm and lonely is far better than the hustle and bustle of joy. Regarding the last couplet, Buddhists in the past dynasties generally preferred the word "disease". How to Zhuo said: "The third sentence is because of illness." Qu Fu said: "Sick guests from the end of the world find silence the best." For the seventh sentence of this poem, it is necessary to analyze the rhythm of these five words:

First, if Shangyin is regarded as sick, it should be read as "Tianya is sick - meaning". Not to mention that there are very few sentences with four lines and one frame in Tang poetry. Even if there are, they should not be used in this sentence. Because if it is changed to upper, four and lower grids, the word "meaning" placed in this sentence will have no effect.

Secondly, if this sentence is regarded as sick or sick, it is completely contradictory to the second sentence "Who is worthy of drinking wine pot". In Tang poetry, whenever illness is mentioned, abstinence from alcohol is often mentioned, but unaccompanied drinking is never mentioned.

Third, if this sentence is regarded as being sick, then being sick is suitable for "calm" and there is no possibility of "entertainment". Therefore, the eighth sentence is simply superfluous and does not make any sense. Meaningless.

Fourth, if this sentence is regarded as sickly, then the first sentence "It is good to be near Guoxi River" will have no meaning. It is unbelievable that a sickly person can still travel in the countryside and enjoy the scenery of Xixi.

Based on the above reasons, the word "disease" in this sentence should not be interpreted as a noun, but as an adjective. The two words "disease meaning" should be read together. In this way, the whole context of the poem can be connected. .

The whole poem is written in a lonely and desolate way, but in fact the poet is extremely miserable in his heart, which makes the whole poem have a very sad and sentimental flavor.

Qing Dynasty He Shang's "Zaijiu Garden Poems": Yishan's poem "Xixi": "Wild cranes follow the gentleman, and the cold pines bow to the doctor." The meaning is that he hurt himself and fell into the wilderness. The gentleman only saw cranes, and the doctor only pines. Though the thought is deep. The charm is not elegant.

The second sentence in "Yimen Dushu Ji" by He Zhuo of the Qing Dynasty contains the meaning of tranquility. The third sentence is a waste of poetry due to illness. In the fourth sentence, Fang was widowed.

Qing Dynasty Qu Fu's "Poetry in Yuxi": Xixi is the best, but it is for those who travel alone. Although there are many tourists, there is no one who can drink wine. I only feel the bitter moans of Liu Yun and the tears of Yang Zhu. Fortunately, there are wild cranes accompanying me, and the cold pines are bowing their heads. Therefore, for those who are sick in the world, silence is the best thing to listen to.

Qing Dynasty Feng Hao's "Notes on the Collection of Yuxisheng's Poems": If you don't want others to fuck you, you don't want no one to fuck you. Arrogance can be imagined, but the word "win" is even more arrogant. Zhongye's kindness was not small, and his love for Yishan was also deep. He probably thought that "because he traveled far away", he did not feel that "his eyes were filled with sadness and his ears were troubled".

Yao Peiqian of the Qing Dynasty's "Notes on Li Yishan's Poetry Collection": A sick man can only be purified while traveling.