First, lentil brown spot disease 1, harmful symptoms: lentil brown spot disease is mainly aimed at leaves. If the leaves are infected with the disease, there will be lesions of different sizes, and generally there will be no large lesions, but a few lesions are large and dark purple-brown, which will become taupe, perforated and broken in the later stage of the disease. When the humidity in the field is high, the diseased spot will grow into a gray-black mold layer, which is the seed of the pathogen. As long as the opportunity is right, it will continue to grow in the second year.
2. Prevention and control points: There are two prevention and control methods. The first is the recommended agricultural control. The second type is not recommended by the author. After all, there is pollution. Let's talk about the first agricultural control: if you are in a serious field, you need to plant other crops next year, apply fertilizer reasonably, pay attention to drainage and reduce the humidity in the field. It must be noted that after harvesting lentils, seedlings should be cleared in time, seedlings with germs should be destroyed, and the land should be sorted out to reduce the source of germs. Chemical control: the chemical agent can be 800 times of 50% mirex wettable powder, 1 times of solution, every 7 ~ 10 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row.
Second, lentil rust 1. Occurrence characteristics: lentil rust mainly harms leaves. After the leaves were damaged, yellow and white spots appeared, slightly protruding, and then gradually expanded, showing rusty brown protruding spots. The inducing factors are high temperature and high humidity. Generally, July-August is the peak period of onset.
2, prevention and control methods: clear the field, centralized incineration, can use 500 times of 65% zineb wettable powder solution.
Third, lentil stem blight 1, symptoms: mainly harmful to stems. At the beginning of the disease, gray stripes or irregular spots appear on the stem surface. When the diseased spot spreads to more than two-thirds of the stem diameter, the plant often wilts in the afternoon and can recover sooner or later. When the diseased part extends around the stem for a week, the diseased part or the whole plant dies, the diseased part turns gray to dark gray, and many small black spots appear on the surface.
2. Occurrence conditions: Spore germination is the initial infection caused by rain splashing, which causes diseases of seedlings or adult plants, and conidia produced in the diseased parts are reinfected after wind and rain for many times. High temperature and humidity in the field, low terrain and high soil moisture are all conducive to the occurrence of the disease.
3. Chemical control: lentil stem blight should be controlled by effective drugs, such as mancozeb, cream, manganese zinc and iprodione. Spray 50 kilograms of water per mu once every 7 days for 2-3 times continuously, and stop using the medicine 3 days before harvest. When clearing the stubble in the diseased field, it is necessary to bury the sick residue centrally or treat it uniformly to reduce the source of bacteria. Increasing the application amount of potassium fertilizer during the growth period of lentils can enhance the disease resistance of plants.
4. Anthracnose Anthracnose can occur at seedling stage and adult stage, and diseased cotyledons appear at seedling stage. When the temperature is too high, this lesion will appear pink and sticky; At this time, it is called real adult worm disease, and reddish-brown spots appear on petioles and stems. When the high temperature environment continues and the humidity in the field increases, diseased spots will also appear on stems and vines. If it continues, the disease will get worse, the whole plant will rot and then die.
Prevention and control methods: disinfect seeds and soil before planting to avoid continuous cropping, and rotate with non-leguminous crops for more than 2 years. Strengthen field management, clean up, pull out and burn diseased plants in time, dig deep into the soil to prevent the bacteria from spreading again, and irrigate the roots with carbendazim wettable powder when the disease occurs.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) mosaic virus disease 1. Symptoms: lentil mosaic virus disease mainly occurs before or after flowering, showing systematic mosaic and mottling, normal leaf growth, slight yellow-green mottling on leaves, small leaves or bright veins, some internodes of heart leaves are not stretched or shortened, twisted and deformed, and some show systematic ring spots and short diseased plants.
2. Control methods ① Select varieties with strong disease resistance, such as white bean (Emei bean) and red bean (Emei bean with red edge). (2) To establish disease-free bean seedlings and carry out disease-free seed retention, the diseased plants must be pulled out in time, and the truly disease-free bean seeds without brown spots should be selected. ③ Strengthen fertilizer and water management to improve plant disease resistance. (4) early prevention and control of aphids to prevent the spread of viruses.
Six, lentil white silk disease: 1, occurrence conditions: mainly sclerotia or hyphae overwinter in the soil, the conditions are suitable, sclerotia germinates to produce hyphae, which invade from the base or root of the host stem, and the incubation period is 3 ~ 10 days. After the central diseased plant appeared, the surface hyphae spread around. The optimum temperature is 30℃, especially high temperature and timely sunny days are beneficial to sclerotia germination. Continuous cropping, acid soil or sandy land are seriously ill.
2. Control method: 100 ~ 150 kg slaked lime is applied to 667m2 to adjust the pH value in the soil. At this time, it is best to adjust the soil to neutral, and a large amount of decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied without lime. Here, we must pay attention to the timely removal of diseased plants, and do not leave them in the field for centralized destruction. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% methyl phosphorus (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) wettable powder 1 portion was applied to remove fine soil 100 ~ 200/portion from the affected roots, which showed that the control effect was very obvious. If necessary, spray 1000 times of 20% methylprednisolone EC, and spray 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, and control 1 time or twice. Prevention and treatment of filariasis by mold. Using 0.4 ~ 0.45 kg of Trichoderma harzianum and 50 kg of fine soil, the disease can be effectively controlled every 667 m2 kg after being evenly mixed and spread at the base of the diseased plant.
Seven, summarize the above content is how to better prevent and control the emergence of pests and diseases in the process of lentil planting. I believe that everyone should also know something about prevention methods. The planting prospect and market of lentils are very good. What vegetable farmers need to do now is to grasp the yield and quality of vegetables and will certainly succeed.