On the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), great changes have taken place in China: from a ravaged semi-feudal and semi-colonial country to a modern socialist power standing in the East. New China literature has gone through a tortuous road with its own country, with both joy and waves.

New China literature is bounded by reform and opening up, which can be roughly divided into two periods. Deeply influenced by Mao Zedong and his thoughts on literature and art, he emphasized that literature and art should obey politics and serve the politics of workers, peasants and soldiers and the proletariat. It also emphasizes that literature and art "can and should be higher, more intense, more concentrated, more typical and more ideal than ordinary real life, so it is more universal." The great changes in social life at that time left a deep mark on the development of literature. On the one hand, the victory of the people's revolution in China has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people to build a new society, and also greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of literary and art workers to create new literature and art, attracting more and more literary lovers to devote themselves to such creative work. However, at that time, many writers were injured by more than one Left-leaning mistake, which made Mao Zedong's original series of correct literary principles and policies not well implemented, and even launched the "Cultural Revolution", which caused great damage to literary productivity. Later, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, especially the theory of literature and art, he corrected the "Left" deviation. Not only has the country's economy, politics and culture made remarkable progress, but literature and art have also enjoyed unprecedented prosperity. In recent 25 years, the number of members of Chinese Writers Association has increased from more than 900 to more than 6,000, and the number of members of writers associations in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions has reached more than 45,000. Many non-member government officials, school teachers, journalists and other people from all walks of life and college students are engaged in amateur literary creation. A large number of freelance writers have also emerged in major cities. Because Deng Xiaoping once declared that "what to write and how to write can only be explored and gradually solved by artists in artistic practice. In this regard, don't interfere. " This freedom of creation makes the diversification and exploration of literary themes, themes, forms and styles inevitable. In the literary world, it can be said that new people come forth in large numbers and excellent works come out one after another.

Although the development of new China literature is tortuous, on the whole, it has opened up a new era of China people's literature and created an unprecedented period of prosperity of poetry, novels and prose in the history of China literature. Today, China publishes nearly 50,000 poems every year, which is equivalent to the whole Tang poetry; There are about 5000 novellas and nearly 1000 novels. There are countless prose works, including reportage, literary biography, prose, essays, sketches, etc., which are published in more than 600 literary journals and more than 2,000 newspapers nationwide. In the field of drama, there are only TV dramas, and the annual shooting volume reaches more than 10000 episodes. It is not uncommon for writers to create and publish works of millions of words and tens of millions of words.

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, China literature was deeply influenced by Soviet literature and followed the creative principles of socialist realism. The form and style of the works are mostly inspired by Soviet literature, and its basic creative theme is to praise the revolutionary history and the new society, which is similar to the early Soviet literature. Naturally, because it shows the life and characters of China and uses the language and characters of China, excellent writers are inevitably endowed with Chinese style and China style. Such as Sun Li's Stormy Story, Du Pengcheng's Defending Yan 'an, Wu Qiang's Red Sun, Liang Bin's Red Flag, Yang Mo's Song of Youth, Luo Guangbin and Yang Yiyan's Red Rock, and Malachin's The Boundless Grassland. There are Ding Ling's The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River, Zhao Shuli's Three Mile Bay, Ai Wu's A Hundred Tempers into Steel, Zhou Libo's Great Changes in Mountainous Areas, Liu Qing's History of Entrepreneurship and Cao Ming's Braving the Wind and Waves. At that time, famous writers such as Guo Moruo, Bing Xin, Ba Jin, Lao She, Ai Qing, Tian Han, Cao Yu, poets Guo Xiaochuan, He Jingzhi, Wen Jie, Li Ying, Gong Liu, essayist Liu,, Yang Shuo, etc. He also praised the revolutionary history and the new society. The excellent works of the above writers are full of revolutionary passion, focusing on shaping the image of new heroes of workers, peasants and soldiers, highlighting the class struggle in social life, and writing the great historical process of people overthrowing the old society and building a new society in the new era, with idealism between the lines. It is still a classic work in the early period of New China literature, reflecting the depth and breadth of life and depicting the vividness and fullness of typical characters. They are still full of ideological education and realistic understanding for shaping people's lofty souls and helping readers understand that era, although they show the advantages of that era and also reflect the limitations of that era. Left-leaning mistakes and even the launch of the "Cultural Revolution" made the theme and theme of China literature more and more narrow, and the form and style became more and more monotonous and monotonous, which completely stopped the creation.

In the new period of socialist construction brought about by reform and opening up, as culture is also open to all countries in the world, the slogan of "literature and art serve the people and socialism" is used instead of the slogan of "serving politics" or "subordinate to politics", and the policies of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", "making foreign things serve China", "making the past serve the present" and "bringing forth the new" are earnestly implemented. In this process, the influence of western countries' literary thoughts and works on China literature, including modernism and post-modernism, has become increasingly prominent. From the works of many famous writers in this period, such as Buli and Butterfly by Wang Meng, Transparent Carrots and Red Sorghum by Mo Yan, avant-garde novels by Su Tong, Yu Hua, Ge Fei and Sun Ganlu, new realistic novels by Fang Fang, Chi Li, Liu Heng and Liu Zhenyun, and misty poems by Kitajima and Shu Ting. China's literature in the new period is influenced not only by the literature of western developed countries, but also by the magic realism literature of Latin America. Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude and Lusa's The Green House have become required reading materials for many China writers, just like Kafka's Metamorphosis and Kundera's The Unbearable Lightness of Life. The influence of the writers of the former Soviet Union has not disappeared, especially the works of world famous writers like Aitmatov, which have been carefully read by many China writers. During this period, because a large number of overseas students were sent to western developed countries, new writers from these countries naturally borrowed and absorbed the advantages of their own literature. These are undoubtedly conducive to further expanding and enriching the artistic vision, expression methods and skills of China literature.

However, in the new era, realism with humanistic thoughts still dominates China literature. In the past 20 years, realism has been open to the outside world. After learning from the upsurge of foreign modernism and postmodernism in the mid-1980s, more writers returned to realism in the multi-directional artistic exploration in the 1990s. At the beginning of the new period, not only middle-aged writers such as Feng Jicai, Zhang Xianliang, Li, Cong, Feng, but also their sensational short stories and stories began to be realistic. Later educated youth writers, such as Idle Years, Snow City by Liang, Impetuousness by Jia Pingwa, Ordinary World by Lu Yao, Rose Gate by Tie Ning and excellent works by Chen, Han Shaogong, Chen and Shi Tiesheng, are also realistic. Most of Mao Dun's works, which won the most important literary prize, such as the novel The Yellow River Flows East (Lee Joon), reflect the difficulties and national cohesion of the people in the Huangpan District during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, Meditation in Winter and Spring (Li Guowen), Difficulties that have long harmed the revolutionary cause in China, and Heavy Wings tell the difficulties of reform reality (Zhang Jie). The Bell and Drum Tower (Liu) and White Deer Plain (Chen) depict the life and customs of the citizens in Beijing's quadrangles. Choice exposes the current social corruption and the struggle against corruption, and Song of Eternal Sorrow (Wang Anyi) reproduces the humble tragedy of the little girl in Shanghai Lane, both of which are realistic works. Zhou, Li, Guan Renshan and military writers, Zhou Daxin, Yan Lianke and Liu Jianwei, who have been close to real life for many years, are all very eye-catching. Many reportage writers, such as Chen Huifen, He Jianming, Huang Jiren and Qiao Mai, are better at reflecting the historical process of reality. In the field of poetry and prose, realistic works also account for the majority. The poems of Luyuan, Han Niu, Ye Yanbin and Lin Mang, the essays of Ji Xianlin, Huangmei, Feng Mu, Wang Chonglv and Zhou Tao, and the essays of Yan Xiu, Shao Yanxiang and Mu Hui are full of realistic spirit. Although the literary creation in this period still has heroic complex, it pays more attention to the life and image of ordinary people, and the description of characters is closer to reality than ideal rendering. For example, in Yin's troubled life, in her happy life, and so on. Even the street figures written by Wang Zengqi and Lu's "street figures" are well-known in the literary world and are well received by readers.

China has a civilization history of 5,000 years. The creation of historical themes has always been valued by China writers. Early historical works such as Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Historical Records provide rich historical themes and valuable narrative art experience for China literature. However, in the 27 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the creation of historical themes was criticized and persecuted because it was easy to be regarded as "alluding to reality", and few people participated in the creation. In the new era, the creation in this field will be increasingly prosperous. Yao's Li Zicheng, Young Emperor, Xu Xingye's Golden Ouque, Confucius, Liu Sifen's White Gate Willow, Yong Zhengdi of February River, Zeng Guofan of Tang Dynasty and Zhang of Xiong are all representative works in this field. From Yanhuang to Sun Yat-sen, important emperors, generals, gifted scholars and beautiful women in all previous dynasties were almost all written into novels and plays by writers during this period. The re-imagination of history is naturally legendary with the combination of realism and romanticism. However, the creation of historical themes has been influenced by new historicism in recent years, and some "jokes" with good historical facts, which violate historical materialism and are fabricated at will have caused controversy.

The rise of feminist literature is also an important literary phenomenon in the new period. The women's liberation movement, which pursues equal rights and equality between men and women, began in modern Qiu Jin and later became an important part of the people's revolutionary movement. After the May 4th Movement, many female writers, such as Bing Xin and Ding Ling, appeared in the new literature and made their own contributions to this goal. However, Chinese feminist literature in the new period is not limited to the pursuit of equality and gender equality, but pays more attention to revealing women's own characteristics. Chen Ran, Lin Bai, Xu, Hai Nan,, and are representative writers, poets and essayists in this field. Most of them are deeply influenced by Beauvoir's Second Sex and other western feminist works, and are famous for boldly writing women's fate, women's sexual consciousness and feelings. Zhang Kangkang's Being a Woman embodies this kind of female's pursuit of independence, freedom and freedom of life, and critics believe that this kind of female image transcends the western feminist theory.

For more than half a century, China has also attached great importance to the excavation and cultivation of folk literature and minority literature. Many important folk customs, stories and ballads in this field have been compiled and published, such as "Integration of Folk Songs" and "Integration of Folk Stories". In particular, many important heroic epics and narrative poems of ethnic minorities have been compiled and published, such as Gesar by Tibetans and Mongolians, Jianger by Mongolians, Manas by Kirgiz, Ashima by Sani, Gadamerin by Mongolians and other folk poems. As the treasure of the Chinese nation, it is a great event that contemporary China literature should be proud of that they meet the world! Up to now, the prosperity of minority writers, including those who didn't have writers in the past, has their own writers, such as Hehe, Bahe and Zhalagahu of Mongolia, Lu Di and Wei Qilin of Zhuang, Sai Piding and Tiyifujiang of Uygur, Li Qiao and Jijia of Yi, Xiaoxue of Korean, Yi Shanzeng of Tibetan and Sun Jianzhong of Tujia.

Children's literature in New China has also made remarkable achievements. Children's poems such as Yuan Ying, Jin Jin, Ye Sheng, Ke Yan, Jin Bo, Fan Fajia and Gao Hongbo, fairy tales such as Yan Wenjing, Chen Bochui, He Yi, Hong, Ge and others, children's novels such as Ren Dalin, Ren Daxing, Hu Qi and Yan Zhen, science fiction works such as Gao Shiqi, Zheng Wenguang and Ye Yonglie, and science fiction works such as Ren Deyao and Liu Houming.

With the development of modern science and technology and the popularization of computers, the network has become an important medium for people to communicate. The rise of network literature has become an important phenomenon in China literature. Although it is a mixed bag of fish and dragons, the electronic network has undoubtedly become the most convenient channel and way to spread literature, an important platform for literary exchanges among countries, and an important window for China literature to go global. Therefore, when reviewing the new China literature, we can't help but pay attention to the development of network literature and its budding scale. There are more than 83 million netizens in China so far, and the audience of online literature can be imagined.

If in the past, China's literary world was more influenced by political orientation, now, what and how writers write is more influenced by market consumption demand. In many writers, the pursuit of pure literature is often more restricted by the market and monetary reward, which often leads to impetuous and rough writing, catering to the low taste of some readers, and also leads to the lack of ideal light in works, and even the elimination of ideological and moral sense. The popularity of neutral description in literature is not unrelated to this. Some literary newspapers and publishing houses are too biased towards economic benefits and ignore social benefits, which further encourages the above-mentioned bad tendencies. On the whole, however, the description level of China literature in this period has been greatly improved because of its extensive reference to the strengths and innovative experiences of literature from all over the world. From many characters and complex historical events that reflect huge time and space to subtle emotional waves and consciousness flows in the hearts of characters, many writers have performed with ease, striving for more individuality and originality from conception to language. Writers also have more humanistic care and sympathy for the socially disadvantaged groups. It should be said that literature has surpassed the previous literature in the depth of human nature and the breadth of social life description. However, it is not uncommon to transplant some experiences and patterns of western works in art, and as a result, some obscure or even incomprehensible works have emerged, which deserves our reflection.

Among the world's multi-cultures, China's culture, with its unique and long-standing tradition, is good at absorbing the strengths of other countries and nationalities and constantly innovating, which has lasted for 5,000 years and become an important pole of world culture, attracting people from many countries and nationalities. Because of the characteristics of the language it uses, China literature has become one of the most widely read languages in the world, which is comparable to English literature. The new China literature reflects the course of1300 million people building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, accumulates the excellent tradition of a long culture, and absorbs the strengths, new experiences and new creations of modern world literature. It is bound to present new characteristics of the times because of its own modernization. Only in this way can it really become people's literature, be created for the people and be used by the people. Most writers see through life and evaluate history from the people's ideological standpoint. They also value people's aesthetics, and strive to create works with Chinese style and China style that the people love. They tell the world the thoughts and feelings of the people who are building socialism, and depict new worlds and people unfamiliar to many countries and nations, thus generating their new world values.

At present, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as the general secretary, people of all ethnic groups in China are holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, advocating "people-oriented" and "Scientific Outlook on Development" and striving for the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Looking back on the history of new China literature and looking forward to the bright future of our country and nation, we are not without worries about the future of China literature in the new century, but full of optimistic confidence. We are convinced that China's literary world, which has valuable historical experience and lessons, will definitely face up to its own history, strive to avoid the shortcomings of the past, further strengthen the direction of serving the people and socialism, adhere to the lofty sense of social responsibility and historical mission of literature, and continue to implement the principles of "letting a hundred flowers blossom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend", "making the past serve the present, making foreign things serve China", "bringing forth the new through the old" and "promoting the main theme and promoting diversity". With a broad artistic vision, it can better penetrate into people's lives and struggles. As Deng Xiaoping taught us, we should "consciously learn the themes, themes, plots, languages, poems and paintings in people's lives, and cultivate ourselves with the people's spirit of creating history", strive for perfection, constantly improve our creative thinking and artistic level, repay the people with more excellent works, and shine more brilliantly in the world literary world!