Porcupine feeding method 1. Porcupine pen building
The layout of pens should be convenient for feeding and management, and it is appropriate to adopt side-by-side back-to-back layout, with a management channel with a width of not less than 0.8m, and a drainage ditch should be built on the ground. The fence should be firm, economical and practical, with a length of (1.5 ~ 2) m, a width of (1.2 ~ 1.4) m and a height of (1.2 ~ 1.4) m. Drinking water facilities should be installed in the fence.
2. Feeding management
(1) feed. The feed of porcupine is mainly corn, fruits and vegetables, such as sweet potato, pumpkin, tomato, cold melon, apple, pear, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, water spinach and other fruits and vegetables. The staple food is corn, with a little fruit and vegetables every day. Usually feed fruits and vegetables in the morning.
(2) Feeding management in estrus and mating period. Artificial porcupines can mate in estrus all year round, but mating in estrus is more prosperous in spring and autumn. At this time, the activity time and intensity of porcupines increased. A male porcupine usually mates with a female porcupine in estrus (2 ~ 3 times), which consumes a lot and increases food intake. During estrus mating of porcupines, breeders should observe and record daily, strengthen management and prevent fights and bites.
(3) Feeding management during pregnancy. After mating and pregnancy, the general activity of porcupines decreases, so we should pay attention to observation and try to keep quiet in the cage. After pregnancy, the food intake has increased, so the amount of feed should be appropriately increased, and the amount of fruits and vegetables should be appropriately increased based on the principle of fasting the next morning. The gestation period of porcupines is (90 ~ 100) days, which is characterized by frequent activities before labor, frequent urination, sudden loss of appetite and even fasting. Pay special attention to observation and management at this time. After giving birth to a child, the nursing room should be kept quiet and should not be cleaned within 2 days after delivery.
(4) Feeding management during lactation. The lactation period of porcupines is generally about 40 days. In addition to normal feed, fruits and vegetables should be added appropriately. After the young porcupine (20 ~ 30 days old) began to lick the feed of the female porcupine, the digestive function gradually improved, and the growth and development also accelerated. At this time, it is necessary to supplement feeding in time and strengthen patrol. After piglets (35 ~ 40 days old), their feeding habits have basically formed. At this time, you can wean, nest and let the piglets live independently.
(5) Feeding management in the growing period. When young porcupines are newly reared in separate nests, they are timid and easily frightened, and eat less, generally about 100g per pig per day. Observation should be strengthened within 7 days after nesting, and fruits and vegetables should be supplemented appropriately. Young porcupines were reared in separate nests for about 10 days, and began to adapt to the new environment, and their food intake increased accordingly. They should gradually increase their food intake and abide by the principle that the surplus is less than 5% every morning. After 90 days of feeding, the young porcupines began to enter the stage of rapid growth and development, with a rapid increase in food intake and vigorous metabolism, with an average monthly weight gain of (1.5 ~ 2) kg. The daily food intake should be appropriately increased according to the needs.
breed
In general, porcupines can give birth to two babies a year, one (1 ~ 3), and in some cases there are (4 ~ 5). Generally, the first baby is born in March to June, and the second baby is born in August ~ 1 1. Generally, a female porcupine can only nurse two piglets at a time. If a female porcupine gives birth to more than three piglets, two piglets will be suckled and the rest will be given to the female porcupine who gave birth to 1 piglet. After proper treatment, the piglets will be well fed and survive.
(1) porcupine selection. Breeding porcupines should choose excellent breeds, or choose robust porcupines with good physiological characteristics captured in the wild. Male porcupines should have strong sexual desire and good semen quality. Female porcupines should have good motherhood, do not eat offspring, and have more offspring. Breeding porcupines must have a clear pedigree to prevent inbreeding, and new porcupines should be filed in time.
(2) the way men and women match. Breeding should adopt a man and a woman or a man and a woman. The success rate of pregnancy by mating between a man and a woman is extremely high.
(3) mating age. The sexual maturity of porcupines is about eight months, and the pregnancy is about three months, which means it takes about eleven months from birth to calving. The breeding and utilization period of porcupines is (6 ~ 8) years. At the peak of breeding, the female porcupine is (3 ~ 5) years old and the male porcupine is (3 ~ 7) years old. Old and frail porcupines that have exceeded their breeding years should be eliminated in time.
(4) Estrous mating and pregnancy. (1 ~ 3) and (June ~ July) are the peak months of estrus mating of porcupines. Female porcupines have multiple estrus in each estrus season, each estrus lasts (4 ~ 6) days, and the estrus cycle is (18 ~ 2 1) days. After pregnancy, the female porcupine is sleepy, inactive and has an increased appetite. The nipple is obviously thickened and reddened around 20 days of pregnancy, and the abdomen is obviously enlarged around one month. At this time, it can be confirmed that the female porcupine is pregnant. It is necessary to master the laws, characteristics and manifestations of estrus mating and pregnancy of porcupines, and make records to prepare for farrowing and feeding.
4. Prevention and treatment of common diseases
Porcupines are born with strong resistance and are less sick for life. Occasionally, the following situations occur:
Name of disease, symptoms of bed, preventive and therapeutic drugs.
enteritis
(Diarrhea) When the disease starts, the stool is green and loose, and when it is serious, it turns red and loose, with fluffy thorns and dull eyes. Inject it into muscles, such as panax notoginseng. And florfenicol can be added to feed and drinking water at the early stage of onset.
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as doxycycline. Keep the feed clean and hygienic, ensure that the feed is not polluted by pathogenic microorganisms, and separate sick porcupines from other porcupines.
When the flu comes, the body temperature rises, the nose is dry, and people drink a lot of water. Keep the feeding cage ventilated and dry, and strengthen feeding management.
The swollen porcupine ate too much, felt uneasy after eating, and wandered around. Appropriate digestive AIDS, such as lactic acid bacteria tablets and yeast tablets, are added to the feed. Feed regularly and quantitatively, and feed green and juicy feed reasonably.
Feeding management of porcupines. Do a good job of feeding and artificial breastfeeding.
When the female porcupine gives birth to 3-4 piglets, only 2 piglets are left for the female porcupine to breastfeed, and the rest need artificial breastfeeding or surrogate feeding.
Feeding female porcupines on behalf of them should meet the following two conditions:
(1) The female porcupine fed on behalf of her only gave birth to 1 piglet;
(2) The birth date of surrogate female porcupine is very similar to that of prolific female porcupine.
Note: Piglets fed by surrogate mothers should be covered with the smell of the previous generation before feeding by surrogate mothers.
If there is no suitable substitute for raising female porcupines, young porcupines will be artificially breastfed.
Second, timely supplementary feeding.
After the young porcupine reaches the age of 25 days, the milk of the female porcupine is gradually reduced, and the nutritional components are also reduced, which is difficult to meet the needs of its growth and development. Therefore, piglets aged 26-40 days should be properly supplemented.
Third, timely weaning and grouping
Piglets are weaned about 40 days. When weaning, try to keep the feed types and environmental conditions unchanged before and after weaning to reduce the incidence. There are two ways to wean. If the piglets in the same litter develop evenly, they can all be weaned at one time, that is, the whole litter will leave the litter box together and 2-3 piglets will be mixed.
If the development of litters is not balanced, weaning can be carried out in batches according to body size and feeding ability, and the first litter with good physique and strong feeding ability will be left for the female porcupine for a period of time. Before nesting, the cage hair of young porcupines should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, a small amount of dry mat grass should be laid in the breeding pool, and pedigree registration should be made when nesting.
Fourth, reasonable grouping.
The first grouping time is weaning, and reasonable grouping is carried out according to male and female, body shape and physical strength;
The second grouping is to group 6-month-old male porcupines and 4-month-old female porcupines according to the male-female ratio of 1: 1 or 1:2.
Five, reasonable feeding
The newly weaned porcupine often suffers from indigestion because of its poor digestive function. Therefore, some digestive AIDS such as yeast or lactase can be properly added to the diet. During the rapid growth and development of young porcupines, their appetite is strong and their food intake is gradually increasing. Because of different individual sizes and different feeding amounts, the diet of young porcupines is not easy to master and should be treated differently. Usually check within 30 minutes after feeding. If there are leftovers at this time, it may be that the feeding amount is too large or the food quality is poor. Find out the reason and adjust the feed quantity and feed variety composition at any time. Diet should increase with age. Generally, there is no need to limit the feeding amount, and the principle is to eat enough.
Sixth, timely domestication.
Because young porcupines have strong plasticity and are easy to be domesticated artificially, weaned young porcupines should be domesticated in time.
Seven, do a good job of cold and warmth.
In winter and Joan Hinton, it is necessary to ensure that there are enough soft and dry bedding grass in the feeding pond and keep the temperature of the feeding pond above 5℃. Do not feed frozen feed, provide warm water. It is necessary to prevent dampness in rainy weather.
Eight, do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling.
When the weather is hot, the prevention department should pay attention to the ventilation of the feeding house. In addition to strengthening the water supply, it is also necessary to cover the cage with sunlight to prevent direct sunlight. All kinds of utensils are cleaned and disinfected regularly, and the feces in the feeding pool are eliminated at any time.
Although porcupine is a mammal with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, it seldom gets sick. However, under the condition of artificial breeding, especially with the rapid development of specialized and intensive farming, a large number of feces and pollutants have worsened the living conditions of porcupines, which has brought opportunities for the spread, spread and spread of diseases. If the management is not good or the health and epidemic prevention measures are not effective, it will easily lead to the occurrence of diseases, lead to the death of porcupines and increase the dosage of drugs, and cause great economic losses to porcupine farmers. Therefore, necessary epidemic prevention measures must be taken to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Whether we can master the causes, symptoms, pathological changes, treatment and preventive measures of various diseases is one of the keys to the success or failure of artificial breeding of porcupines.
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