Planting method of nutritious vegetables 1, soil preparation and fertilization: nutritious vegetables can be planted in dry land suitable for crop growth, but fertile sandy loam farmland and loam farmland are beneficial to their high yield. Dig up the cultivated land in advance, thoroughly sun-dry, apply 2000 kg of decomposed pig cow dung or 0/00 kg of decomposed vegetable cake/kloc and 50 kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, intensively plough and rake, ditch with a width of 2 meters, a ditch depth of 30 cm and a ditch length of 20-40 meters, and make a good waist ditch and circle a good ditch.
2. Transplanting and planting: planting ditch with row spacing of 25 cm, applying decomposed pig cow dung 1000 kg or decomposed vegetable cake 50 kg per mu, applying fertilizer into the ditch, fully mixing the fertilizer with soil, and then planting, with row spacing of 15 cm. When planting, take seedlings from the seedbed with soil, plant 2-3 plants in each hole with a planting depth of about 5 cm, water them after planting, then cover them with fine soil, slightly suppress them and water them. The total number of holes per mu is 9500 ~ 10000, and the total number of plants is 22 ~ 25,000.
3. Fertilizer and water management: after planting, topdressing should be applied less. Generally, topdressing is 65,438+0 times a month or watering is coordinated, and 65,438+00 kilograms of urea and 3 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu. Before wintering or turning green, 2000 kg of decomposed manure or 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. 1 After harvest, potassium chloride10kg or plant ash100kg should be applied to each mu in time to promote branching and increase yield. If the soil is dry, water it in time and water it thoroughly. Nourishing vegetables should avoid waterlogging, and ditches should be cleaned and drained in time in rainy season.
4. Overwintering management: Yangxin cuisine has strong vitality. In winter in northern Liaoning, it can be moved to Nanyang terrace in heating building to continue growing, or placed in the corridor or outdoor leeward and sunny place. Water 1 time first, then cover with straw, and cover with some snow after it snows, so as to hibernate and overwinter. The new shoots in the second spring are more robust than the annual flying colors.
5. Pest control: Powdery mildew is the main disease of Chinese cabbage, which is prone to occur in rainy, high temperature and high humidity seasons. The primary white powdery mildew spots on the damaged leaves gradually spread to the whole leaf, and black spots were scattered on the diseased spots in the later stage. Attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission, timely eradication of weeds, drainage in rainy season and burning of diseased plants in autumn, which can reduce the occurrence of the disease. If the disease has occurred, it can be prevented and treated with 0.5 Bohr concentration of stone sulfur mixture or triadimefon.
6. Harvest and processing: There are two ways to harvest nourishing vegetables. One method is unified harvesting, that is, on the basis of leaving 3-4 nodes at the base of most branches, the tender stems and leaves are cut horizontally with a sickle at one time, generally every 60 days 1 time, and the yield per mu is about 4000 kg. Another method is to harvest in stages and batches. Harvest thick tender stems and leaves first, let thin stems and leaves continue to grow, and then harvest them one after another. The total output of the two harvesting methods is basically the same, and the harvested tender stems and leaves can be directly marketed, dried and eaten or made into tea.
Cultivation techniques of Chinese cabbage. Cutting seedling
Chinese cabbage has strong stress resistance and strong vitality. Although seed propagation and ramet propagation can be used, cutting propagation is relatively easy and can be carried out in greenhouse in spring, summer, early autumn and winter. Mature branches of Chinese cabbage can be directly cut and planted in the cultivation field. However, in order to arrange stubble scientifically and do a good job in seedling management, in production, mature branches are usually collected from protected Chinese cabbage from late March to early April, or from open Chinese cabbage in late May and late September for cutting propagation.
Nursery land should be selected with high terrain and good drainage, and clean screened river sand with a thickness of 10cm, a width of 1m and a length of 10 ~ 40m should be laid as cutting seedbed. How to choose pesticides for greenhouse vegetables requires seedbed area of 65~70 m per mu. 2. Cut 10 ~ 10. Leave 3-4 leaves for each cutting, tie 30-50 cutting into 1 bundle, soak the base 18 hours with 50 mg/kg rooting powder solution, insert the cutting into the seedbed with a spacing of 5 cm, then pour water, set up a small arch shed at the border, and cover it with a sunshade net for 7-8 hours. Water the seedlings in time when they are dry.
Second, soil preparation and base fertilizer application
Nutrient-rich vegetables can be planted in dry land suitable for crop growth, but fertile sandy loam cultivated land and loam cultivated land are beneficial to its high yield. Dig up the cultivated land in advance and thoroughly sun-dry, and apply 2,000 kg of decomposed pig cow dung or 50 kg of decomposed vegetable cake 100 kg and imported ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content are 15% respectively) as base fertilizer per mu, intensively cultivate, and make the border with a width of 2 meters and a depth of 30 cm.
Third, transplanting and planting.
According to the row spacing of 25 cm, planting ditches are opened, that is, 5 ditches are opened in each border, and 50 kilograms of decomposed pig cow dung 1000 kg or decomposed vegetable cakes are applied per mu, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditches, and the fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil, and then planted according to the row spacing of 15 cm. When planting, take seedlings from the seedbed with soil, plant 2-3 plants in each hole with a planting depth of about 5 cm, water them after planting, then cover them with fine soil, slightly suppress them and water them. The total number of holes per mu is 9500~ 10000, and the total number of plants is 22000 ~ 25000. If there are no conditions for raising seedlings, you can also collect 10~ 15 cm long lignified old branches in the base in spring and autumn, remove the tender stems at the top and the leaves at the base, and leave 3~4 leaves for direct cutting and planting each time. The planting method is the same as above.
Fourth, on-site management
1. Fertilizer and water management after planting, with less topdressing. Generally, topdressing 1 time per month or combined with watering, and applying urea 10 kg and 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu each time. Before wintering or turning green, 2000 kg of decomposed manure or 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. 1 After harvest, potassium chloride10kg or plant ash100kg should be applied to each mu in time to promote branching and increase yield. If the soil is dry, water it in time, and the water must be poured thoroughly; Nourishing vegetables should avoid waterlogging, and clear ditches and drain water in time in rainy season.
2. Weed every year. Before overwintering, before turning green in early spring and after each harvest, loosen the soil and weed in time.
3. Manage the cultivation of Chinese cabbage in Xia Lu in winter. 20 days before the first frost, the aboveground part 10 cm of the plant is completely cut off except the base, then watered and covered with 1 layer of rice and wheat straw, with a thickness of 3-5 cm, which can safely overwinter.
Nutritious vegetables cultivated in protected fields in winter should be covered with plastic sheds and plastic arches, and covered with non-woven fabrics. In case of severe cold weather, cover the small arch with a straw curtain at night to keep warm. In case of snowfall, clear the snow in the shed area in time to avoid crushing the shed; Its daily management in winter is still based on scientific and reasonable ventilation. When watering greenhouse vegetables, we should pay attention to the nutritious vegetables cultivated in protected areas. In the hot summer season from June to September, the roof should be covered with a sunshade net to prevent sun and cool down.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Harvest and process.
When the plant height of Chinese cabbage is more than 20 cm, it should be harvested in time. There are two ways of harvesting. One method is unified harvesting, that is, on the basis of leaving 3-4 nodes at the base of most branches, the tender stems and leaves are cut horizontally with a sickle at one time, generally every 60 days 1 time, and the yield per mu is about 4000 kg. Open cultivation can be cut four times a year, and protected cultivation can be cut six times a year. Another method is to harvest in stages and batches. Harvest thick tender stems and leaves first, let thin stems and leaves continue to grow, and then harvest them one after another. The total output of the two methods is basically the same. The harvested tender stems and leaves can be sold directly, dried and eaten or made into tea.
The cultivation method of Chinese cabbage has strong adaptability, pest resistance, easy planting, easy reproduction and easy management. Nutrient-rich vegetables can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, but cuttings are usually used. Choosing loose and fertile sandy loam with certain moisture is most beneficial to growth, and applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.
Sowing is usually done in Beijing, in the open field in mid-May, and can be done in sunlight greenhouse all year round. The survival rate of cutting in the open field can reach 95% in mid-April. According to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of 12 ~ 15 cm, the planting was carried out by the flat-star method.
The cultivation and management of Chinese cabbage is very simple. When the base fertilizer is sufficient, topdressing is not needed. When no base fertilizer is applied, 5 kg of urea (or ammonium sulfate) should be topdressing every two times, and watering should be decided according to soil moisture to avoid being too wet and too dry. There is basically no infection of pests and diseases in the growth process, so it is natural and pollution-free green food without pesticides.
The harvesting period is from May to 65438+10 month, in which the growth period is vigorous from June to September, and 2 to 3 new buds can be picked every month. Solar greenhouse can grow and harvest all year round; The edible part of Chinese cabbage is tender stems and leaves, which has short harvest cycle, high yield and high planting income.