Jiangnan, meaning the area south of the Yangtze River.
In a narrow sense, it is now the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin in Zhejiang, Southern Jiangsu and Shanghai. In a broader sense, it also includes the northern region of Jiangxi and the area south of the Yangtze River in southern Anhui.
Also known as Wu-Yue, Jiangdong and Jiangzuo. Jiangnan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with ancient capitals such as Hangzhou and Nanjing, as well as historical and cultural cities such as Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Wuxi, Huizhou, etc. It has long been the largest urban agglomeration as well as an economic center in East Asia and even in the world, and has blessed the Chinese civilization several times. Jiangnan, as a geographical concept echoing Guanzhong and Heluo, is of great significance to the historical development of China and East Asia.
During the pre-Qin period, the term Jiangnan already existed in history books.
Wu Yue Chun Qiu (The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue): "King Yuan of Zhou made people give to Gou Jie, has been ordered to go, and returned to Jiangnan."
"Er Ya - interpretation of the ninth chapter" wrote: "Jiangnan said Yangzhou." "Jiangnan" belonged to the land of Yangzhou in the ancient books written before the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Expanded Information:
Historical Jiangnan: The History of Yangzhou and the History of the People's Republic of China p>One, the history of Jiangnan
"Er Ya - interpretation of the land chapter IX" wrote: "Jiangnan said Yangzhou." "Jiangnan" in the book in the Qin, Han before the ancient books that specifically refers to the land of Huainan, that is, began to refer to about the present day Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, south of the Huaihe River part, Zhejiang, Fujian all, Jiangxi, Guangdong part.
There were other sayings about Jiangnan in the pre-Qin period. The Historical Records of the Qin Dynasty (《史记-秦本纪》) also contains: "In the 30th year of King Zhaoxiang of the Qin Dynasty (秦昭襄王三十年), Shu Shou Ruo invaded the Chu Dynasty (Chu), took Wushu County (巫郡), and Jiangnan as Qianzhong County (黔中郡)." The Jiangnan here refers to the whole of present-day Hunan and part of southern Hubei. Qian Daxin thought that "Xiang Yu's Chronicle" cloud "Jiangdong is small, even if the father and mother of Jiangdong pity and king me" in the "Jiangdong", then the "Jiangdong" is now part of the south of the Yangtze River.
Wang Mang had changed Yidao County for Jiangnan County, is today's Hubei Yidu. After the Han Book - Liu table biography" in "Jiangnan Zong thief Dasheng ...... only Jiangxia thieves Zhang Zhuang, Chen sit embracing troops according to Xiangyang City, table make Yue and Pang Ji to the example, and surrender. Jiangnan all flat".
Tang Taizong Zhenguan first year (627 years) set up Jiangnan Road, Jiangnan Road range is completely in the south of the Yangtze River, and later in the Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan twenty-one years (733 years) is divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Qianzhong Road, the beginning of the definition of the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and then Jiangnan became the name of the region of the east of the Yangtze River. The evolution of administrative regions named "Jiangnan" in history:
After the Tang Dynasty, the term Jiangnan was used to refer to the area south of the Yangtze River as well as the vast area along the Yangtze River, including Jingzhou (southeast of Hubei Province and Hunan Province) and Yangzhou (Jiangxi Province, south of Anhui Province, Fujian Province, southern Jiangsu Province, Shanghai Province and Zhejiang Province, not Yangzhou City today).
During the Tang Dynasty, the western province of Jiangnan was established (southeast of E'nan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and south of Anhui), and the eastern province of Jiangnan (Fujian, south of Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang).
The Song Dynasty established the Jiangnan West Road (most of Jiangxi, southeast of E), Jiangnan East Road (northeast of Gan, south of Anhui, part of the southern Jiangsu area around).
South Zhili was established in the Ming Dynasty, renamed Jiangnan Province in the early Qing Dynasty, and divided into Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai) and Anhui Province in 1667. However, Jiangnan Province included not only part of the southern part of the river, but also a large part of the northern part of the river in Suwannabe.
The Qing Dynasty set up the Governor's Office of the two rivers, jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, the two rivers that contain Jiangnan Province, Jiangxi Province, the eastern part of the province of Jiangnan (now Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui).
Two, cultural Jiangnan
Cultural Jiangnan is an important concept of Jiangnan. In the regional culture, Jiangnan culture is often highly associated with Wu-Yue culture. The ancient capital of Wu, Meili, built by Tai Bo, is considered to be the source of Jiangnan Wu culture (Wuxi).
The earliest capital was established in the area of Meicun in Wuxi City, and the capital was moved to Gusu City (present-day Suzhou) during the Spring and Autumn Period, after which there was a lot of intermingling between Wu culture and Yue culture and Chu culture, and at the end of the Han Dynasty, the capital of the Eastern Wu Dynasty was Jinling (Nanjing), which encompassed a vast area of Wu, Chu, and Yue, and the period of the Southern Dynasties saw the flourishing of Chinese culture, the popularity of Gangnamese culture overseas, and the great splendor of Buddhist culture.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty, the capital of the Southern Dynasties (Song, Qi, Liang, Chen), Jiankang (Nanjing), the language (ancient Wu language) based on the "Jinling YaYin" as the Chinese orthodoxy, the source of the Chinese language, and even more eastward to Japan into the Wu sound. The culture of Jiangnan also changed, such as Gusu (Suzhou), also known as Wu Du, the capital of Eastern Wu, Jianye (Nanjing), Jinling (Nanjing), also known as Wu Jing, and later the Yang Wu regime, which still has its capital in Nanjing.
Since the Six Dynasties period from the Eastern Wu to the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Jiangdong scholars have an important position and historical contribution in culture, and also have an important influence on the culture and education in the Jiangnan region. The Jiangnan culture has had an important contribution and influence on the whole Chinese culture.
Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang dynasties, the center of economic and cultural gravity shifted southward, and Jiangnan was often regarded as the successor region of the ancient Central Plains, and Nanjing was often regarded as the symbolic city of the Chinese orthodoxy, and the development of the Jiangnan region contributed to the development of Chinese civilization to a great extent.
In terms of Chinese phonetics, during the Jin Dynasty, when the gatekeepers moved southward, the elegant sounds of the Central Plains spread southward, and the ancient Wu sounds of Jiankang merged into the elegant sounds of Jinling, which became the two main bases for the restoration of the elegant language and the establishment of the common language together with the Yedi language of Luoyang in the Sui and Tang dynasties after the end of the division of the North and South Dynasties. After the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Nanjing tone was used as the basis for the establishment of the official standard tone of the Chinese language, which had an important influence on the development of the standard Chinese language.
The Confucius family was divided into two clans, the northern clan was located in Qufu, and the southern clan was moved to Quzhou in the south of the Yangtze River; during the Republic of China period, "Diffractive Sage" was renamed "Sacrifice Officer", and the central government appointed "Dacheng" to the title. During the Republic of China, "Diffractive Sage" was renamed "Sacrifice Officer", and the central government sealed "Dacheng Supreme Sage Sacrifice Officer" in Qufu and "Dacheng Supreme Sage Sacrifice Officer of Southern Clan" in Quzhou, which can also be seen as the role of the Jiangnan region in China's politics and culture.
Jiangnan to the developed culture and education known, many places have "Zulu" reputation, such as "Jiangnan Zulu", "Southeast Zulu, "Seaside Zulu". Jiangnan has many book collectors, bookstores, there are many bookish families. Jiangnan is famous for the prosperity of literature, painting, music and opera. The regional specialties of opera in Jiangnan include Kunqu, Yueju Opera, Huangmei Opera, and so on.
Many literati and artists are inextricably linked with Jiangnan, such as Guo Pu, Wang Xizhi, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Luo Binwang, Wang Changling, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Yu, Liu Yong, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Lu You, and Tang Bohu, among others.
The Jiangnan region had developed academics, science and technology, and many thinkers and philosophers emerged, such as Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuxuan, Wang Yangming, Huang Zongxi? , Li Zhi, Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi and others, as well as many outstanding scientific and technological figures, such as Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Tao Hongjing, Shen Kuo, Bi Sheng, Yang Hui, Song Yingxing, Xu Xiake, Fang Yizhi, Huang Cuizhuang and others.
Jiangnan's history, culture and natural environment has created many famous landscape of Jiangnan, such as Nanjing's Qinhuai River, Fuzimiao, Zhongshan, Xuanwu Lake, Mochou Lake, Suzhou's Humble Administrator's Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Hangzhou's West Lake, Leifeng Pagoda, Zhenjiang's Jinshan Temple, Yangzhou's Slim Lake, Wuxi soft-shelled turtle islets and so on.
Jiangnan's products, Suzhou's embroidery, Yangzhou's jade, Nanjing's brocade, Yixing's pottery, Jingdezhen's porcelain, Xuanzhou's Xuanpaper, Huizhou's ink and inkstone, Yangzhou's lacquer, Hangzhou's West Lake Longjing, Suzhou's Biluochun, Huizhou's Keemun Red Tea, Mount Huangshan Maofeng, Taiping Monkey Kui, and so on, are renowned all over the world.
Jiangnan lifestyle and food culture is also known far and wide, advocating the "morning water skin, water skin" elegant life [3]. Huaiyang Cuisine is one of the four major Chinese cuisines, selected for the first state banquet of new China. Su Gang Cuisine, Yang Gang Cuisine, Hang Gang Cuisine and Ben Gang Cuisine are also the classic Jiangnan style of cuisine.
Famous dishes include: sweet and sour Mandarin fish, sliced chicken in hibiscus, salt water duck, steamed anchovies, lion head with crabmeat, big boiled dried silk, three sets of duck, crystal dishes, soft pocket long fish, open ocean bushels of vegetables, Wenshi bean curd, crab roe soup dumplings, honey fire square, squirrel Mandarin fish, Biluo shrimp, white Shipan, eel paste with ringing oil, steamed hairy crabs, Gusu marinated duck, cherry meat, Taihu Lake, three white, West Lake vinegared fish, Sister Sung's Wife Fish Pudding, East Slope Meat, Longjing shrimp, etc.
Three, Jiangnan economy
Jiangnan economy in the Qin and Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties period has made great progress, and since then in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role, to the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the center of economic gravity from the Central Plains to the south, to the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy of Jiangnan has become the most important core of the national economy. With abundant rainfall, hotter climate and fertile land, Jiangnan has favorable conditions for agricultural development.
The Yangtze River Delta is one of China's most economically developed regions, referring to the Yangtze River into the sea and the formation of the impact of the fan plains formed around Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang, as the center of the economic zone, known as the "Yangtze River Delta Economic Circle". In the Republic of China mainland period, Suzhou, Zhejiang, Anhui Province and Shanghai has accounted for more than half of the total national tax revenue.
In the period of the People's Republic of China, since the reform and opening up, a dozen or so cities along the eastern part of the Yangtze River are known as the "Yangtze River Delta", which has become China's economic map with the "Pearl River Delta" and the "Bohai Rim" and so on. Bohai Rim" and other poles on China's economic map.
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