Differences between Chinese and Russian Dietary Cultures

With the development of history and the progress of mankind, each nation has formed its own unique language and culture. There are many differences between different nationalities. Let's discuss the differences between Chinese and Russian food culture. Welcome to read!

cultural differences between China and China 1

Russian people often say: "Food is the most important thing for the people", which shows how important diet occupies in people's minds. Food culture is an important part of national culture. With the continuous strengthening of Sino-Russian exchanges in political, economic and cultural fields, food naturally becomes an important part of communication. Understanding and respecting each other's food culture can reduce the friction and obstacles in the communication process and make the communication more smooth.

Keywords Chinese and Russian culture in diet

China's food culture has a long history and is profound. China people pay attention to delicacy and richness of dishes, color, fragrance, shape and taste of dishes, and pursue sensory enjoyment and aesthetic value. In China, a dish can interpret a cultural concept and connotation. China's four major cuisines of Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong and Huai are famous for their superb cooking art and regional characteristics. In the concept of diet, Russians pay more attention to the concept of rationality. Compared with China, they do not pay attention to the color, aroma, shape and taste of dishes, but pay attention to the rationality of health and collocation. The seemingly rough Russian diet is an excellent interpretation of the simple lifestyle and bold national character of Russians.

1. Comparison of "drinking culture" between China and China

1. Comparison of wine culture between China and Russia

China's wine culture has a long history. In the eyes of people, many things that cannot be expressed by words, such as family ties, friendship and love, can be replaced by wine. Liquor occupies an important position in China's liquor culture and is unique in the world. We in China like to persuade people to drink, such as "deep feelings, a stuffy mouth" and "shallow feelings, a lick". Moderate vomiting-inducing toasts is regarded as a polite behavior to treat guests and a way to show our hospitality. The word vodka in Russia originated from water, so people gave vodka the name "water of life". Most parts of Russia are at high latitudes, with cold climate and harsh environment. Russians use wine to keep warm and resist the cold. Vodka is not only a kind of wine in Russia, but also a symbol of Russian national character. Russians drink heroically and generously, and they respect each other's ideas and never persuade them to drink. Vodka, like Russians, has a water-like shape and a fire-like heart.

2. Comparison of tea culture between China and China

is the hometown of tea culture, and China people have had the habit of drinking tea since ancient times. In the eyes of China people, tea not only has the curative effect of keeping fit and curing diseases, but also is full of appreciation interest, which can cultivate sentiment. Tea tasting and entertaining guests are elegant entertainment and social activities of China people, and Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. The history and development of China tea culture is not only a simple food culture, but also reflects the spiritual characteristics of a nation with a history of 5,111 years. The history of tea culture in Russia is not long. It was not until the 18th century that tea spread among ordinary people. Before that, only the nobles in the palace were lucky enough to drink this drink. Russians love drinking tea and gradually create their own unique tea culture. Russians like to drink tea with a relatively strong taste of black tea, which is accompanied by sugar, cube sugar, chocolate, milk, etc. Sugar and tea are inseparable in the eyes of Russians, and the tea urn used for drinking tea is also ingenious and exquisite.

2. Comparison of "food culture" between China and China

1. Similarities and differences of tableware

There are many similarities and differences in Russian papers between China and. As we all know, Russian people use chopsticks to hold food, use spoons to drink soup and use bowls to hold rice. Chopsticks are round at the bottom and square at the top, which contains the idea that China people have a round place, showing the great wisdom of China people, while Russians use special spoons to serve dishes on plates, eat steak and drink soup with knives and forks. They use knives and forks, and the correct position is that the fork is placed on the left side of the dish, and the knife and spoon are placed on the right side. The wine glass should be placed in front of the dish. It should be a left fork and a right knife when eating. Besides knives and forks, there are dishes, plates, cups and so on, but they are much more simple than ours. Chopsticks and knives and forks, as the two most distinctive tableware in China and Russia, reflect their different values, aesthetic tastes and national psychology.

2. Similarities and differences of cuisine

Some people summarize Russian cuisine as "five great leaders, four donkey kong and three musketeers". The five leaders are: bread, milk, cheese, potatoes and sausages. Donkey kong: cabbage, carrot, beet and onion. The three musketeers are: caviar, vodka and brown bread. These almost include all the main ingredients in Russian cooking culture. Although they are single, it is expensive for the Russian people to create countless delicious dishes with these only ordinary and single ingredients. There are many kinds of soups in Russia, such as fish soup, clear chicken soup, mixed meat soup, red vegetable soup, mushroom soup, milk soup and fruit soup. Among them, Russians love to drink red cabbage soup, which is also called Luo Songtang. Russian bread was introduced to China even before liberation, and China people called it "Da Lieba", and they had a special liking for Da Lieba with abundant wheat flavor. Russians also like strong food. They are mainly pasta, caviar, yogurt, coffee, etc. are essential on the Russian table. This simple but varied diet reflects the simple and generous true temperament of Russians.

China people's diet has always been famous for its wide range of ingredients and exquisite cooking techniques. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the chefs in Liang Wudi, a melon can change into ten styles, and a dish can make dozens of flavors. The superb cooking skills are amazing. The four major cuisines of Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Guangdong were formed earlier, and then local cuisines such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and Huizhou became famous gradually, forming eight major cuisines in China. Diet in China is not only to quench thirst and satisfy hunger, but also contains China people's philosophy of understanding the world. For example, eating jiaozi, fish, rice cakes, etc. during the Chinese New Year is actually a "drunken man's sake", and the food culture has already surpassed the food itself. China people express a rich mental connotation and profound social significance by eating this form.

3. Similarities and differences of table manners

There are also countless rules and manners in the historical process of the development of China's broad food culture. China is a country of etiquette, with clear classes and distinct grades. Even the food etiquette is the most complicated country in the world, from seating to the famous Chinese wine culture, which is vividly reflected in the table manners in China. People in China like to eat together, and the excitement on the dining table in China is in sharp contrast with the quietness on the dining table in the west, which is also a reflection of China people's emphasis on blood relationship and family concept in their eating style. People in China will frequently give their guests dishes at the dinner table, which is also a manifestation of China people's hospitality. Russians should not make jokes or make ugly noises when eating. They should pay attention to maintaining their gentlemanly manners and not losing their manners. Russia advocates freedom and respects itself very much. Therefore, people won't do what they can't do. They can choose their favorite dishes at will when eating. They won't force food into your bowl. If you are full, you can signal and they won't advise you to eat again.

For any country or nation, food culture is an indispensable part of its culture. The similarities and differences between Chinese and Russian food cultures are not only differences in food, but also complicated or single eating habits from different aspects such as history, culture, personality, geographical location and even climatic conditions. With the increasing cross-cultural exchanges between the two countries, the food cultures of the two countries are constantly complementary and compatible. It is necessary to know each other's catering culture to promote exchanges and friendship between the two countries. Abstract: With the development of the times, cultural exchanges between countries around the world are becoming more and more frequent. Knowing and mastering the cultures of different regions and ethnic groups, correctly grasping the scale of interpersonal communication with ethnic groups, overcoming obstacles caused by cultural differences and etiquette differences, and being familiar with and mastering table manners in different cultural backgrounds can make people treat each other properly and communicate with them more deeply, otherwise they will feel at a loss and even be rude. This paper will compare the table manners of Russian and Chinese people from the aspects of diet, tableware use, dining atmosphere and table discourse, so as to communicate appropriately and appropriately in cross-cultural communication.

Keywords: China; Russia; Diet; National tradition; Russian-Chinese people

The eating habits of Russia are formed in the accumulation of people's long-term labor and social life. On the basis of retaining their own traditions, Russian people attract the essence of foreign food culture, constantly improve their food structure through integration and reference, and carry forward their own advantages. Russia has a "bright" memory of the past, and at the same time pays attention to learning from the west. Perhaps it is this sublation attitude that makes the ancient Russian cuisine spread to this day.

that diet culture in China, represen by the Han nationality, has a long history of more than 11,111 years and has distinctive national characteristic. Due to regional differences, the table manners and customs of different countries and nationalities are also very different. Understanding and respecting different national cultures and mastering people's table manners under different cultural backgrounds are of great help to our cultural communication.

1. Similarities between Chinese and Russian food cultures

(1) Tea culture

Russians like to drink tea as well as Russians. Tea drinking in Russia can be traced back to the middle of the 7th century, which witnessed the long history of cultural exchanges between China and China. China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Russian tea was introduced from China. [Black tea (чёрныйчай) from Indian and Georgian countries, and expensive green tea (зелёный) from China. According to Russian eating habits, drinking tea must be accompanied by some food, especially sweets, such as sauce (варенье), honey (мёд) biscuits (печче). China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Russian tea was introduced from China.

(II) Wine culture

There is a saying in China that "no wine, no table", and the same is true in Russia. It is well known that Russians are addicted to alcohol. Russians drink vodka much more boldly, even if it is full of a large glass, it is "boring". When drinking and talking with Russians, you should be honest and not talk about third parties behind their backs, let alone say that they are stingy. Russians can have vodka (водка) with their meals, and sometimes drink champagne after meals. Vodka and Kvas (квас) occupy a special position in Russian food customs. It can be considered that they are synonymous with Russian "national drink" wine and beverage respectively. Drinking vodka is probably one of the greatest pleasures in life for Russians. Vodka is indispensable for weddings, funerals, birthday celebrations, family reunions, friends meeting, etc. A decent way for a Russian family to entertain guests is to pour a glass of vodka, serve a small plate of caviar, cucumber and tomato, then a smoked fish and canned peas, and serve a self-baked cake with vodka as a meal from beginning to end. Besides drinking, Russians also like to drink a cool drink called "Kvas". Kvas is the oldest fermented beverage among Russian people, which is mostly made of malt, bread crumbs or fruit juice. Russian Kvas is generally divided into bread Kvas (хлебныйквас) and juice Kvas (квасизс).

Second, the differences between Chinese and Russian food cultures

(1) Tea drinking habits

From the tea drinking habits, Russians like to drink green tea, while Russians like black tea. [

Tea drinking in Russia is very different from that in China. People in China like to drink tea slowly, while Russians like to drink it all at once.

(2) Dietary differences

The ancestors of Russians are nomadic people. They eat meat and drink milk, and there is no distinction between staple food and non-staple food. Bread is the favorite staple food of Russians, especially garlic bread. Bread is divided into white bread and black bread, and Russians prefer black bread (oatmeal bread). Bread and salt are the most honorable gifts for Russians to greet their guests. Often the host holds the plate in his hands, covered with a beautiful embroidered towel, and placed in the middle is a big round bread with a salt pot (солонка). This symbolizes the hospitality of the host. China people's ancestors are farming people, and they have long regarded grain and its products as the essential main food for three meals a day, with vegetables, meat and fish as supplementary foods. China people's staple foods are divided into wheat, rice and miscellaneous grains. Rice includes glutinous rice, rice products and rice products made from it, wheat includes wheat, barley, oats and their products such as steamed bread, noodles and biscuits, and miscellaneous grains include corn, sorghum, beans and their miscellaneous grains. There are three main courses in Russian dinner, namely soup (суп) and cold dishes (холодныеблюда).

China people's non-staple food has the functions of regulating taste, stimulating appetite and supplementing nutrients. China people are very rich in non-staple food. Apart from common meat dishes such as chicken, duck and fish, all kinds of fresh vegetables, bean products, pickles and pickles are also common dishes on the food table, with various collocation methods.

third, the cultural differences reflected by the characteristics of Chinese and Russian diets

Russians eat separately from the beginning, which leads to the fact that Russians pay attention to independence. When children grow up, they have the idea and habit of breaking into the world independently. The dining system brought by chopsticks highlights the family unit where the old and the young sit together. Thus, China people have a stronger family concept. This difference also reflects the behaviorist philosophy of China and Russian, and highlights the national thinking habits and methods of understanding the world.

The "noise" at the dinner table in China can, to some extent, reflect the "harmony" of China's warm family, harmonious neighborhood and unity of Chinese people. This probably stems from the collectivism thought of "eating and drinking, so it is also a good idea", which emphasizes the word "combination".

From the dining table discourse of Russian and Chinese nationalities, we can see that China people follow the principle of "belittling themselves and respecting others", while Russians emphasize the values of efficiency and pragmatism. Russians never talk about disgusting things at banquets, but they will try their best to use subtle and elegant words and praise words to say thanks and praise to the director, especially to the hostess. Due to cultural differences, Russian and Chinese people express hospitality in completely different ways. Under such circumstances, if we can understand each other's differences, we will eliminate the embarrassment at the dinner table and the hospitality of both sides will naturally show.

conclusion: