Pollution-free pesticides refer to high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low dosage, good control effect, little or no toxicity to people, livestock and various beneficial organisms, easy decomposition in the external environment and no pollution to the environment and agricultural products. Including biological sources, mineral sources (inorganic), organic synthetic pesticides, etc.

Pollution-free pesticides: Specifically, pollution-free pesticides can only be used when applying pesticides to prevent and control vegetable diseases and insect pests. The dosage per mu must be determined from the reality and through experiments, and the economic and effective concentration and dosage should not be too high or too low. Generally, it is required that the insecticidal effect is over 9% and the preventive effect is over 8%, which is called high-efficiency pesticides; The use of low-toxic pesticides with median lethal dose (LD5) exceeding 5ml/kg body weight; The harvested commercial vegetables should pay attention to the safe interval of pesticides, so that their pesticide residues must be lower than the allowable standards stipulated by the state.

Pollution-free pesticides include

biogenic pesticides:

It refers to the direct use of biologically active substances produced in living organisms or biological metabolism or substances extracted from organisms as pesticides to control diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms. Specifically, it can be divided into: Botanical pesticides, animal pesticides and microbial pesticides. Such as B.T., pyrethrin, nicotinic allicin, sex pheromone, jinggangmycin, Nongkang 12, liuyangmycin, streptomycin, doxorubicin, abamectin, brassinolide, acaricide, alkaloid, etc.

1.1 The common botanical pesticides are:

① tobacco. It can prevent and control aphids, thrips, stink bugs, etc. ② Anisodine. Spray with .65% water agent 45-7 times to control aphids and mites. (3) Green Baowei. Spraying .5% EC with 1 ~ 2 times solution to control leaf-eating caterpillars. ④ Celangulin. The control effect of .2% EC and .15% microemulsion on leaf-eating caterpillars is very good. ⑤ plant ash. One part of plant ash was soaked in five parts of water for 24 hours, and then filtered to control aphids. ⑥9281。 Also known as Green Tree Doctor and Jundi, it is made up of Chinese and western medicine and biological fluid. Brush 4-5 times of liquid on the diseased scar to treat fruit tree rot.

1.2 The main animal-derived and specific pesticides are:

① Diuron 3. Use 25% colloidal suspension 2-3 times solution to control leaf-eating caterpillars; To prevent and control the moth, 1,-2, times of the solution can be sprayed before the adults lay eggs (sprayed on the back of the leaves); The killing rate of 15-fold solution of 2% diflubenzuron No.3 to peach fruit moth eggs reached 1%. Carbendazim pesticides have special effects on most LEPIDOPTERA pests, and are also effective on most COLEOPTERA and Hemiptera pests. ② Mothrin. It is a compound of diflubenzuron 3 and 15% acetamiprid. In addition to the control target of diflubenzuron 3, it can also control red spiders. (3) Dingchonglong (anti-Pacific). Spraying with 5% EC at 1-2 times to prevent and control the fruit eater. ④ buprofezin (Youle, Mirex). Spraying with 15-2 times of 25% wettable powder, and spraying again after 15 days to control scale insects, leafhoppers and planthoppers. ⑤ stuck. To control fruit tree spider mite, 5% EC can be sprayed with 1-15 times solution before flowering and 5-1 times solution in summer. It is also commonly used for the control of leaf roller moth and fruit eater. 6 meters full. It can be used to control leaf rollers and leaf-eating pests. ⑦ pirimicarb. Use 2-3 times solution of 5% wettable powder to control aphids. ⑧ Kill aphid pine. Use 1-15 times of 5% wettable powder to control aphids, mites, thrips, etc.

1.3 Microbial pesticides mainly include:

① Nongkang 12. 4% special 6-8 times liquid spray for fruit trees can prevent and control apple powdery mildew, apple and pear rust, anthracnose and Alternaria leaf spot. It is very effective to prevent and cure rot by applying 1 times of liquid to the diseased scar. Nongkang 12 contains more than 1 kinds of amino acids, which can also play a role in strengthening trees after application. (2) polyoxin (cycloserine, Baolian). Spraying with 1 times solution of 1% wettable powder to control apple spot defoliation; Spraying the apple tree from budding stage to 1 days after flowering, and spraying it for three times to prevent and control apple mold heart disease. ③ Antibiotic S-921. After scraping the scar, apply 2-3 times of liquid to prevent fruit tree rot. ④ Antibacterial agent 42. After scraping the scar, 4-5 times of 8% emulsifiable concentrate can be applied to treat apple and pear ring rot. ⑤ liuyangmycin. Spraying 1 times of 1% EC can control red spider. ⑥ Beauveria bassiana. Using 2kg of crude bacteria (or .2g of high sporopollen) and .15kg of 25% parathion microcapsules, spraying 15kg of water on the tree tray and covering with grass to eliminate the unearthed larvae of peach fruit borer. ⑦ B.T. (Bacillus thuringiensis), sprayed on trees with 5 times of D.T. emulsion, can control leaf-eating caterpillars, larvae of fruit-eating insects and so on. At the same time, B.T. can also control leaf-eating pests such as apple boat caterpillar, gypsy moth and spiny moth, as well as cotton bollworm, peach moth and corn borer. ⑧ Avermectin (avermectin, acaricide). Spraying 1% avermectin EC with 4 times solution to control red spider has a good effect, especially on tetranychus urticae, which is difficult to control. Pet-name ruby insect pathogenic nematodes. Spray the tree tray with 1m3 aqueous solution containing 6,-8, nematodes to kill the unearthed larvae of the moth.

Mineral pesticides (inorganic pesticides):

The general term for inorganic compounds whose active ingredients originate from minerals. There are mainly sulfur preparations, copper preparations and phosphides. Such as copper sulfate, Bordeaux solution, stone sulfur mixture, zinc phosphide, etc. However, arsenic preparations and fluorides with high toxicity and high residue are not included in this recommendation.

mainly include: ① mixture of stone and sulfur. Commonly used fungicides, insecticides and acaricides are sprayed with 3 Be-5 Be in dormant period and .3 Be-.5 Be in growing season. ② Sulfur suspending agent. Spraying 15-2 times of 5% suspending agent before germination can prevent powdery mildew and treat mites. ③ Bordeaux mixture. It can repel and kill many pests. Generally, it is sprayed in the late growth stage of apples and pears, which can play a good role in leaf protection. ④ Solibar. That is, 7% barium polysulfide soluble powder has the effect of stone sulfur mixture and can also replace stone sulfur mixture. Use 1-3 times liquid spray to control common diseases of fruit trees. When using it, be sure to dilute it twice, first with 5 times of water, and then dilute it to 1-2 times of liquid after stirring for 1 hour. ⑤ Green milk copper. It is an emulsifiable copper preparation, a broad-spectrum disease-preventing agent, and has the effect of Bordeaux solution. It can also replace bordeaux mixture. ⑥ Diesel oil emulsion. Boiled with diesel oil, neutral soap and water at a ratio of 1: 1: 1, and sprayed with 1 times of liquid during dormancy of fruit trees can kill overwintering scale insects. If clay diesel oil emulsion (1 part of light diesel oil+2 parts of dry sticky loess powder+2 parts of water) is used, the preparation method is as follows: dry clay is sieved, diesel oil is poured into it, and after it is completely wetted, it is stirred into a paste, and water is poured in, while stirring, until there is no floating oil on the surface, which is the stock solution with an oil content of 2%. Dilute with water according to the required concentration. When diluting, keep stirring to make it fully emulsified. Stir at any time during spraying to prevent oil-water separation.

organic synthetic pesticides:

limited to organic synthetic pesticides with less toxicity, low residue and safe use. It is recommended to use pyrethroids, some pesticides, fungicides and some diphenyl ethers herbicides with moderate and low toxicity, which have been proved to be safe after years of application. Such as: cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethoate, dichlorvos, phoxim, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, triadimefon, thiophanate-methyl, pirimicarb, tribenuron, propargite, herbicide, herbicide, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, triazophos. Pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides with high residues, fluoroacetamide with secondary poisoning, and ethylenethiourea with "three-cause" metabolites are not recommended.