The first day of the first month is the Spring Festival, which was formerly called New Year's Day. On that day, people get up early, wear new clothes, hats and shoes to show that they bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. It is said that wearing new shoes that have never been on the ground can be light-footed in the new year. When the host gets up, he opens the door first by reciting auspicious words and puts firecrackers at the door, which is called "opening the door cannon". Generally, there are three guns for opening the door, so it is necessary to "take four and release three" and leave one as a "standby gun", and the "standby gun" in Ningbo dialect is published here. The higher the firecrackers are set, the louder they will sound, indicating good luck in the New Year. If it is a "blow, blow, blow" squib, it is unlucky. You should say immediately, "Oh, blow, you will make a fortune this year." And immediately add one.
large families and families worship portraits of their ancestors in ancestral halls or nave (in front of the hall). Generally, the portraits of their ancestors hung within five generations are called "for the frame", "for the shadow" and "for the golden purple", all of which are synonymous. In some ancestral halls, men can only worship at the age of 16, except women. A pair of pins and needles cakes (also called auspicious cakes) or two bowls are divided by the person in charge in turn. The young people of each family worship their elders in turn, calling them "worshipping the old age". New Year's Eve has been divided into "lucky money", which is wrapped in red paper and pressed under the pillows of young people, so it is called "pressing the old".
it's a day, and eating dumplings in the morning means reunion. Some families are vegetarian for one day. The biggest feature of this custom is to let the household utensils "rest" for one day, that is, to let housewives rest, not to sweep the floor, beg for fire (not to ignite others or light cigarettes), not to kill animals, not to move knives and scissors, not to empty toilets, not to wash clothes, and not to abuse children or speak unlucky words. Don't say "early" when you meet in the morning, because you said you would attract more fleas this year. If you stumble, you should immediately say, "Oh, the ingot fell." This night, if you don't sleep before you faint, if you don't light the lamp, it means that lighting the lamp will attract more mosquitoes and flies this year. Before going to bed, put off a "closing gun". Don't go out at night, commonly known as "peaceful night".
From the second day to the eighth day of the seventh day, it is late to the fifteenth day, when families go out to visit their relatives, they usually pay homage to their relatives first, then to their distant relatives, and pay more attention to their husbands, nephews, uncles, nephews, aunts, etc., and treat each other with banquets, which are called "New Year's rice" and "New Year's wine". On the fifth day of the fifth month, it is God of Wealth Day, which is the most important day for business people. It is called "opening the market" after "inviting God of Wealth". Some Buddhists walk seven bridges on the seventh night of the seventh lunar month without going back, and worship eight monasteries on the eighth lunar month, commonly known as "walking seven bridges" and "worshiping eight monasteries".
In the meantime, folk entertainment activities include dragon lantern dancing, happy lantern racing and big-head monk dance. Slightly different from other places, there are "pretending to sweep the floor", that is, beggars (called "rich people" at this time) carry baskets, hold brooms decorated with red balls in their hands, pretend to sweep the floor, and sing slang songs: "Lift the golden broom, and Riggs (like a voice) sweeps it. Sweeping to the east, there are Qinglong, Qinglong rice jar and Huanglong barn in the boss's room; Sweeping to the south, the boss made a fortune in the house, and the big Yuanbao made the raft, and the small Yuanbao made the boat. "
after the founding of the people's Republic of China, customs such as celebrating the New Year have remained unchanged, and many superstitious colors have disappeared. Organs and groups held a group worship, carried out activities to support the army and the family, support the government and love the people, and expressed condolences to veteran cadres, workers, teachers, scientific and technological personnel, elderly people in nursing homes and workers who insisted on production and work during the Spring Festival. On the way, acquaintances meet, hand or shake hands and wish each other good luck.
(1)
Peach Blossom Garden is connected to Wuqiangxi on the upper side and Wuling on the lower side. According to legend, it was a refuge for ancient Qin people to escape from years of war and excessive military service. They work and feed themselves in this isolated place, reproduce their children, and become a unique feng shui. Up to now, the ancient folk customs here still show her past feelings as a paradise.
There is a Qinren Cave in the Peach Blossom Garden, and there is a village named Sanhe Village in the Qinren Cave. There are dozens of families in Sanhe village, most of whom are surnamed Qin, so this village is also called Qinren Village. Are these villagers surnamed Qin descendants of the ancient Qin people who went into the cave to avoid chaos? No one has made a specific textual research. Anyway, the word "Qin" runs through ancient times and modern times, and their customs of food, clothing, housing and transportation are indeed different from those of modern society.
clothes: in the past, people's clothes here were all home-made homespun. Each family has spinning wheels and looms, self-produced cotton, self-spinning and self-weaving, and the woven homespun is dyed with vegetable dyes to be blue or blue or gray or purple. Most of the clothes are made by ourselves, and the dyed homespun is cut into pieces, and then stitched together by hand. There are also tailors who come to make clothes, a gray bag, several needles, several winding wires, and a pair of pig iron similar to today's small aluminum pot are all their tools. The style of the clothes is men's jacket. The woman is a big dress, with one-color cloth buttons. The pants are all big crotch pants, with a 4-foot waist, which is folded in front of the belly and then tied with a cloth belt. Nowadays, the clothes of young people in the village are almost the same as those of outsiders, but many elderly people still wear double-breasted clothes, big clothes and crotch pants. However, the cloth of the old people's clothes is no longer woven from soil, but is selected from the market. Walking in the village, you can still find wooden spinning wheels and looms Although these are idle and no longer used, they also show history. Even today, when sewing machines are widely used, there are still local tailors in the village who carry fire irons and ash bags.
food: of course, rice is the staple food, which is almost the same as the villagers outside the cave. The "food" here refers to the tools for processing rice. The tools used by the villagers in Qin village to process rice were plates, stones and windmills. The dish is round and has two upper and lower plates. The lower fan is fixed on the wooden frame with a hardwood shaft in the middle, and the upper fan rotates on the lower fan around the wooden shaft. The friction surfaces of the upper and lower fans are regularly embedded with many hardwood pieces as teeth, and the teeth are fixed by loess tamping between the teeth. The function of the dish is to remove the rough shell from the shell. When the dish is used for processing, the rice husk is piled in the container of the upper fan, and the upper fan is driven to rotate by manpower. The rice husk sprinkles rough brown rice from the gap between the upper and lower surfaces through the friction of wood teeth. Brown rice is processed by stone chips to become cooked rice. Nowadays, most of the rice eaten by villagers is processed by machines, but there are still workshops in the village that can process rice for villagers by ancient methods. Indeed, some villagers used barnyard grass and stone piles to process rice in their workshops. They (especially the elderly) think that this is more fragrant and softer than rice processed by machines.
Living: In the past, villagers' houses were all bamboo huts. The huts are built on the side of the mountain, and they are independent. It is indeed a "chicken and dog smell each other". The room is simple, with stone blocks as benches, wooden boards as beds, gourds (commonly known as lugua) cut into scoops, and bricks as a base to make stoves. Now huts have been replaced by wooden houses. The wooden house is full of small blue tiles and white walls, and it still has an ancient legacy. Although every household has a TV set and a refrigerator, the cut gourd ladle is in the same vein.
OK: Although Qinren Village is close to the national highway, there are no roads in the village, and the rural roads are criss-crossed. These rural roads are not superior to cement roads and asphalt roads, but they do have their advantages. It smells of green grass and dirt and moisture, and it makes people feel warm and comfortable to step on it barefoot, which makes people feel the beating of the earth.
(2)
"Different winds in a hundred miles, different customs in a thousand miles". Every place has different characteristics. Today, let me take you into Guangdong Folk Customs Grand View Garden! Herbal tea Guangdong people like to drink herbal tea best. They think herbal tea is an insurance company for the body, which can cure diseases with sick clothes and prevent diseases without sick clothes. If adults don't drink several cups of herbal tea (mostly Wang Laoji) within one month, and infants don't accept seven star tea once every 2-3 days, it is considered that their health is not guaranteed. Bamboo cane rhizome water is one of Guangdong herbal teas, which has the efficacy of clearing away heat, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, moistening lung and expelling toxin. Commonly used herbal teas, such as Wuhua Tea, Xiasangju Tea, and Wanglaoji Tea, are all composed of medicines with bitter taste and cold, and are suitable for stagnation symptoms such as colds at four o'clock, headaches and fever. Among them, Wang Laoji's medicinal properties are the coldest, while Wuhua Tea and Xiasangju are relatively peaceful. Seven star tea for children is composed of drugs with sweet and mild cold, which is suitable for children's cold, fever, irritability and gnashing of teeth. It is suitable for people with strong constitution, frequent sore throat, dry stool, red tongue and yellow greasy fur. However, the only feeling of foreigners who have drunk herbal tea is the word "bitter"! When I drink herbal tea, I take a sip and stuff several pieces of dried tangerine peel into it at once. Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, is known as the "Flower City", and its annual winter jasmine market has attracted worldwide attention. On the eve of the Spring Festival, the streets and alleys of Guangzhou are filled with flowers and potted oranges, and all major parks hold exhibitions of spring jasmine, especially three days before New Year's Eve. Colorful buildings and flower stands are set up on the main streets of various districts, and flower farmers from four townships flock in, arrayed, selling flowers and oranges, and the ten-mile long street is full of flowers and crowds, until the early morning of the first day of the lunar new year. This is the unique Lunar New Year's Eve flower market in Guangzhou. Guangzhou has been planting flowers for more than 1O years. As early as the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, there were many fragrant flower fields in Zhuangtou Village on the south bank of the Pearl River, and Ji Suxin, the pet of Liu Wei in South Hanwang, was the flower girl in Zhuangtou. Kumquat symbolizes "good luck". Similar to it, there are fruit from generation to generation, which means prosperity from generation to generation: bergamot fruit, like the palm of your hand, is as elegant and solemn as a believer, and is deeply favored by good men and women. At the beginning of the twelfth lunar month, there are a large number of narcissus heads shipped from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province on the market. After people buy them back, they carefully cultivate them and control the flowering period by adjusting the water temperature and sunshine. Narcissus seems to be able to understand people's feelings, and it often blooms in turn on New Year's Eve when the family has a family reunion dinner, or in the sound of firecrackers on the first day of the first month of the first month, which brings people endless fun. As the saying goes, "Flowers bloom with wealth", which happens to be a good sign. In addition, daffodils are comely, graceful and fragrant, so they are necessary for every family. Of course, there are many folk customs in Guangdong. For example: making soup, dancing lions, planting square bamboos, and even dancing cows in some places ... The folk customs of each place have different characteristics, waiting for us to discover it!
in my memory, there is always a star shining, and it will never lose its luster.
It was the scene of the Lantern Festival in Taiyuan:
This year's Lantern Festival is different from the previous Lantern Festival, because with the development of economy, people are getting richer gradually, the streets are decorated with lanterns and colorful lights, and the streets are full of traffic. I saw a sea of people on the road, and the whole road has become a "sidewalk". At first glance, the end of the crowd can't be seen, and the whole street is very lively. The shops are packed. Looking at the excitement, I can't help thinking of Tang Yin's Lantern Festival: "A moon without lights is not fun, and a moon without lights is not spring. Towards everywhere spring comes as seen here with lady fair, Over bright moonlit night flashing lanterns set off the moon as pure silver. All over the street, Zhu Cui swims around the village girls, singing and competing with the social gods. If you don't show your respect and smile, how can you get rid of this good time? " I got carried away chanting, but I didn't realize that my sister stood behind me quietly. "Yo! Cousin is so elegant, what's the point of looking at it like this? Why don't we go shopping? " "Yes, yes!" I quickly applauded.
When we came to the street, we also got involved in this lively atmosphere. My sister dragged me from east to west and strolled down all the way. We found many lanterns, each of which was unique and made my mouth water. Some were sewn with stitches, some were all made of glass ... In the middle of the square, there was a beautifully made and huge lantern, which made many passers-by stop to watch. Firecrackers are ringing in the distant night sky. When the fireworks bloom in the night sky, five striking characters of "Happy Lantern Festival" are revealed. This already lively Lantern Festival adds a bit of charm, and the beautiful lotus lanterns help people convey happiness and well-being.
Everything about Lantern Festival is so eye-catching, but I enjoy making lanterns.
It's not that easy to make lanterns. Choosing bamboo is the key. The quality of bamboo directly determines the success or failure of lanterns, but I will only talk about it. This glorious task is left to my elder sister who is experienced in actual combat. When the bamboo is selected and the framework is ready, I can't leave this embroidery to me idle. Don't underestimate me. I'm Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. It's easy to say, but it's difficult to practice. It's either a mistake or a mistake. "Well, good good can buy a good price. Hehe "
On this day, even if there are many unpleasantness, it is all gone.
Comment: It vividly depicts the custom of celebrating the Lantern Festival in Taiyuan. Festival street is decorated with lights and colors; The festive lantern lets passers-by stop to watch; The process of making lanterns has a unique flavor, and this scene is vividly described in your pen. It is a rare and excellent work.
Different costumes
There are many countries in the world with different customs and customs, and different countries like different clothes. Today, I want to take you to know about Japanese kimonos and Korean robes.
Kimono is a traditional costume of Yamato people in Japan, which is called "wearing objects" locally, because the patterns and colors of Kimono reflect the concrete images of nature, and it is also called "flower viewing screen". Kimono does not use buttons, but only a knotted belt. There are many kinds of belts and different knotting methods. The widely used one is "Taigu Knot", which is to pad a paper or cloth core in the belt where the waist is knotted. Because tying knots is very troublesome, the "improvement belt" and "cultural belt" appeared again after World War II.
"Hanpao" is a traditional costume of Koreans, and its style is suitable for Korean climate and sitting habits. Women's Hanbok blouses are matched with elegant long skirts, and the colors of the blouses and long skirts are colorful, and some of them are also bright and gorgeous.
different regions have different characteristics, different countries have different colors, and the bits and pieces of life are combined into colorful amorous feelings paintings, all of which reflect rich and colorful regional characteristics and show the unique charm of each country.
Comment: The content is refreshing, and the kimono and "Korean robe" are vividly introduced, and the characteristics of the costumes are described in detail, so that we can appreciate the colorful exotic customs. If there are more legends or functions, the article will be icing on the cake.
Dragon Boat Race
Speaking of dragon boat race, I think everyone has heard and witnessed it. Listen to the sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers, and the dragon boat race is about to start.
There are crowds of people on both sides of the river, and you argue with me about who wins and who loses. Dragon boats scrambled to draw out, and the strength of the three dragons was neck and neck. The players rowed the paddles "121, 121" neatly. Standing at the bow was a burly man, who was banging forcefully with a drum hammer in his hand and drumming to boost his morale.
The observers on the shore stared intently, while anxiously shouting for fuel. The players on the river rowed happily. They listened to the audience's strong resistance to shouts and suddenly became full of confidence and rowed more vigorously. The sound of gongs and drums became louder and louder, and the speed of paddle rowing became faster and faster. The river was stirred up and splashed with white waves. The river slammed fiercely on the river bank, and the contestants became more and more brave. Just when it was inextricably linked, the blue team rowed hard and won the championship in one fell swoop. Although the other two teams lost, they were not discouraged, but celebrated the blue team with an optimistic attitude. At this time, firecrackers exploded and people were boiling to award prizes to the champions. It was time to cheer and shout. Firecrackers were the most dynamic symphony in this dragon boat race.
the river calmed down and the gongs and drums and firecrackers disappeared. Just now, the lively atmosphere gradually faded, and the grand dragon boat race pulled down the curtain.
Comment: At the beginning, we went straight to the point. "The sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers sounded together" didn't see its scenery. We heard its sound first, creating a lively and festive atmosphere. In the third paragraph, the scene of dragon boat race was pushed to a climax. The lively cheers and shouts seemed to reverberate in our ears, and the ending was natural and concise, which was memorable.
Bai nationality
China is vast, with 56 national flowers in full bloom. Different regions,