The Qinling Mountains, which runs through the north and south, make it the highest city in Shaanxi. It has extremely complex natural landscapes, including mountains, woodlands, rivers and valleys. The long geographical span and superior ecological environment have greatly promoted the formation and growth of species, so that people living here can easily obtain natural gifts through collection, picking and original planting.
Wild agaric
Baiyun Village is located at 19 km south of Zuitou Town, Taibai County, with sky blue, green mountains and clear water. Walking on the village road, flowers and plants depend on each other, trees are shaded, and the courtyard of the hotel is piece by piece ... Everything you see is unified and clean.
Bypassing the village, under the continuous mountains and irregular mountains, small dishes were reclaimed by the villagers. At two o'clock in the afternoon, the fierce sunshine drove the villagers home early. On one side of the earth, Li squatted alone in the field, slowly and carefully picking his own fruits and vegetables.
Next to her vegetable field, there are two wooden frames neatly covered with basswood, which is the purpose of our trip-to find wild basswood fungi growing in the deep mountains of Taibai.
Wild auricularia auricula naturally nourished by trees is completely different from bagged auricularia auricula in smell, taste and nutritional value, and it is a veritable "mountain treasure". As early as more than 2,000 years ago, there was a record in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals that "the taste was as delicious as a mushroom, but it was too camel". In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the practice of auricularia auricula was introduced in detail in Qi Yao Min Shu and Vegetarian Articles.
Tilia amurensis is the main wild auricularia auricula in Taibai, and there is a natural mixed forest of Tilia amurensis and pine trees hidden in the mountain forest behind Baiyun Village. Taibai county is the pioneer of ecological protection in Qinling Mountains, and deforestation is completely banned. The basswood used to grow auricularia in Baiyun area is the dead branches carefully searched by the villagers in the dense forest, and then they step on the steep and rugged mountain road and carry them down the mountain one by one.
At this time, the rainy season is too white. Auricularia auricula fully absorbs the nutrients in basswood and grows wildly under the stimulation of rain. Black elves emerge from basswood shelves one after another, fresh and soft. Worried about the rain, Li Nainai picked the fungus from the wooden frame early and put it in the washbasin, and it was harvested all morning.
In the face of our arrival, grandma Li fully demonstrated the simple enthusiasm of the mountain people. While greeting us to drink water, she took out some fresh cucumbers from her vegetable field to cool us down. Facing the camera, grandma Li, who is a little shy, learned that we were promoting local agricultural products, and the chatterbox suddenly opened: almost all farmers in Baiyun area planted this wild fungus, and the output of each household was not large, but the actual total amount was not small. Good mountains and water give Baiyun a pure land, but it also isolates the connection between mountains and the bustling world. This quiet village can only be described as cold for most of the year, except for urbanites who come to summer in midsummer. The left-behind old people and children obviously have nothing to do with sales skills. In addition to eating the fungus cultivated in one year, they can only wait for foreign merchants to collect it and then sell it at the same price as the fungus in the greenhouse.
Since last year, the county government's e-commerce service station has been opened to the village, and the logistics vehicles between counties and villages have injected some vitality into the village in the off-season of tourism. Online sales are obviously new and mysterious to Li Lai, who still maintains the most primitive thinking of buying and selling. Time is limited, it is difficult for us to let the elderly know the mystery, but our arrival has given her the confidence to yearn for and sell her own fungus.
Shuang Ye Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Jingkou Town in the western border of Taibai County borders Fengxian County. It is located in the middle and low mountainous area of Qinling Mountains, with an altitude of 800 ~ 28 19 meters. The mountains are continuous and the forests are widely distributed here. After the intersection, Huangniu River and Shigou River leave the county and flow into the Han River, and Mei Feng Highway passes through it.
Local people have a long history of planting pepper, among which pepper is the most famous. This kind of pepper is very strange, with mellow hemp flavor and fragrant pepper. There are two small balls under the root petal, which look like ears, so they are called "double-eared pepper" by the locals.
On the dirt road in the country, patches of small pepper gardens and strong pepper fragrance floating in the wind flashed from time to time. It is said to be a garden, and some have only one or two acres of land. However, every household has planted it, which also makes Jingkou Town a veritable "hometown of peppers".
The dew in the morning makes the fresh peppers covered with branches look particularly delicate. Uncle Li and the old couple came to their own pepper garden early and began to pick peppers. Fresh peppers must be steamed and dehydrated quickly to ensure that the original smell and nutrition will not be lost, and all this can only rely on the power of the sun. Therefore, they must finish picking peppers before the scorching sun. The mountain wind is blowing, which makes people feel a little cold, but Uncle Li, who stepped on the ladder to pick peppers, was already sweating on his forehead. People in the mountains are simple-minded and inarticulate. Facing our party, the old couple just smiled shyly most of the time, but their man didn't forget his work.
Only by doing it yourself can you know the pain of picking peppers. On the one hand, I am careful not to be stabbed by the thorns on the branches. On the other hand, I am worried that the technology is wrong and the integrity of pepper particles will be destroyed. There is a lot of rain this year, and the yield of Jingkou pepper is generally not high. Uncle Li didn't let the son of migrant workers come back. The two acres of pepper garden were picked by the old couple.
Near noon, the light in the yard is very good. The old couple quickly took out the straw mat in the house and spread the pepper evenly on it. Drying peppers does not require exquisite skills, but it requires enough patience. Only by fully absorbing the sun's light and heat, the pepper will complete the cracking process and completely emit odor. The remaining pepper seeds were carefully collected by Aunt Li. There is no technology to squeeze pepper oil in the village. These pepper seeds will be taken away by customers at a low price together with peppers.
The smell of wine is afraid of the depth of the alley. Waiting for passive door-to-door sales is the normal state of Dashan pepper farmers, who work hard but are still poor.
Before departure, everyone set out for a group purchase and bought 10 kg of pepper. This is the biggest deal that Uncle Li made this year. I hope that our arrival this time will leave him far more than the income of these hundreds of dollars.
cornel
?
Taochuan Town, located at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, is the main producing area of Taibai Cornus officinalis, with the main mountain of Taibai Mountain in the south and Qingfeng Mountain in the north, 26 kilometers away from the county seat.
Cornus officinalis is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of application. Because of its special effects of tonifying the body, strengthening yang without helping fire, nourishing yin without greasy diaphragm, and astringing without leaving evil, it has been used by medicine in past dynasties. Its medicinal use was first seen in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, and later recorded in the Classic of Materia Medica, Bielu of Famous Doctors, Annotations to the Classic of Materia Medica, Fanran, Qianjin, Illustration of Materia Medica, Compendium of Materia Medica, etc. Cornus officinalis is an indispensable medicinal material in Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and it is a "fairy fruit" for tonifying kidney, replenishing essence and resisting fatigue. Zhang Xichun, a master of Chinese medicine, once said, "Cornus officinalis is better than ginseng and angelica."
In 20 18, Cornus officinalis was listed as a dual-purpose medicinal and edible variety by the Health and Health Commission.
Taibai Cornus officinalis is an authentic medicinal material in China, which has been the origin of high-quality Cornus officinalis since the Three Kingdoms period. At an altitude of1500m, the mountains are full of sunshine and pure water. Planting trees by farmers in Taibai can be described as a "Buddhist system". After planting these trees, they will let them grow independently and naturally in the wild, and will not apply chemical fertilizers or pesticides until they mature in June 5438+ 10.
When the sun is shining at noon, Sister Zhang turns over the burning dogwood on the ground. The sky, white clouds, green hills, red dates and working farmers ... draw a vivid picture of "the beauty of harmony between man and nature", adding vitality to Taibai in midsummer.
Sister Zhang's family is a poor household, and the children at home rely on the county's student loans to go to school. In the past two years, Taibai County has vigorously developed rural e-commerce, which has made Zhang Dajie's family taste the sweetness.
"I'm too white. Good environment, fresh air, no pollution and beautiful scenery. Cornus officinalis has been planted for ten years, and it will take seven or eight years to pick its fruit. Look at this dogwood, with thick pulp and red color. I feel oily after drying. Moreover, we are all pollution-free, and we don't use chemical fertilizers or pesticides. Many businessmen have come here from a very early age to harvest, except Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan. Even if the price was very low in the past, there was nothing we could do, mainly because there was no market and we could not earn a few dollars a year. Now I can sell it online, and I'm not worried about it. Last year, I earned almost two thousand yuan more. "
Every March, the dogwood flowers all over the mountains compete to bloom. From a distance, golden dogwood flowers touch mountain streams, gullies and farmhouses, and golden waves add endless scenery to the snowy areas of Taibai. The grand opening of Taibai Taochuan Cornus Festival attracted countless tourists to visit, enjoy the beautiful scenery, taste the delicious food and experience the local customs. Unfortunately, we didn't enjoy the beautiful scenery of thousands of trees competing for glory, but looking at Sister Zhang's yard, a bright red dogwood fruit was scattered in the sun, which made us feel that we had no regrets on this trip.
Earth honey
Earth honey is the brand name card of agricultural products in Taibai County. Nowadays, the honey market is chaotic, and Taibai honey is definitely a clear stream.
? The correct name of native honey should be China honey, that is, honey brewed by China bees, and China bees are the dominant bee species in China. Under the influence of thousands of years of farming civilization, China people have formed a special "soil" complex.
The beekeeper Lao Zhang is a simple and talkative old man. For more than 30 years, he and his boss have been guarding their two earth houses and dozens of old beehives. My son bought a house in the county to pick him up, but he bluntly refused. His reason is: "We are used to living in the mountains, where it is very uncomfortable. Can't we keep bees?" Mountains and beekeeping have been deeply rooted in his bone marrow and blood.
He introduced the process of beekeeping and the characteristics of local honey in detail, for fear of missing something. From the conversation with him, we learned that there are only four criteria to define the quality of local honey: bee species, honey source, environment and technology.
Taibai is a natural paradise for native bees. As a national key free-range base for Chinese bees, Italian bees are forbidden to enter Taibai County. Because of the habit problem, unlike Italian bees, which mainly produce single nectar, the honey brewed by China bees is multi-nectar. In areas with high honey source quality, Baihua honey is by no means an exaggeration. "In April, the beauty of the world is exhausted, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple." The perennial cool climate makes the flowering period of plants in Taibai Mountain short and concentrated. Every year from June to September, thousands of buds bloom, attracting Huanghualang, picking them from the bushes at will and returning to brew honey. Baihua honey is collected from thousands of flowers in the wild and is the essence of all flowers and herbs.
Taibai Mountain is one of the three major medicinal mountains in China, with good ecology and rich kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, including more than 640 kinds of precious Chinese herbal medicines. Because the honey source is mostly Chinese herbal medicine, the local honey is rich in Chinese herbal medicine nutrients and has high nourishing value. The Taibai bee is also called "medicine bee" by the ancient famous doctor Daxian.
Lao Zhang opened the beehive on the spot and showed us the process of cutting honey. The cutting of native honey is very strict on the time of taking honey, and it can only be carried out after the bees break their seeds in autumn, so that taking honey will not affect the bees, and the quality of honey can be guaranteed to the greatest extent. Therefore, Taibai beekeepers only cut honey once a year.
10- 15 days of natural brewing, so that honey can fully mature. The honey left from the hive is golden and bright, rich and smooth. I chewed the hive for the first time, tasted the freshest honey, and my heart was sweet.
In recent years, in addition to sporadic sales and gifts, the honey of Lao Zhang's family is basically sold to the bee factory in the county in batches. This building complex, which reveals the modern atmosphere everywhere, is completely different from the workshops in the deep mountains and forests, making people feel like a lifetime ago. Director Li, who is in charge of production, told us that although they have their own beekeeping farm, 90% of the honey is still collected from Taibai beekeepers because of the large demand for products. When talking about whether industrialization will affect the quality of bees, he seems a little helpless: "Many consumers have gone into a misunderstanding, thinking that the original ecology is that the things produced by farmers have not been processed. However, raw honey has a relatively high water content and will ferment and deteriorate in summer, so it must be dehydrated and concentrated. Moreover, raw honey contains impurities, pollen, bee wings and dead bodies, which cannot be cleaned by general filtration, so it needs to be sterilized. Our whole process is physical processing, and we will not lose the nutrients of honey at all. Food, safety is the most important. "
The visit is far from over, but it is quite rewarding. Nature breeds everything in the world to nourish our bodies. Many agricultural products in Taibai are like clever dancers, each of which plays an important role. Some rise, some fall, some sink, and some float. They dance gracefully and compose a song of harmony between Yin and Yang, so that people can enjoy happiness and well-being.
Learn more about agricultural products in Taibai Mountain