Chapter 1: Chongqing Old City Gate

Chongqing Old City has seventeen gates, which are constructed from the images of nine palaces and eight trigrams to represent the meaning of "Jincheng Tangchi". There are nine city gates, which are specially designed to carry water from the two rivers into the city. Due to the frequent fires in the city, the government thought that the open water gates could not control the sparks, so they closed eight of the water gates. The water gates that close the eight gates are: Cuiwei Gate, Wanglong Gate, Renhe Gate, Phoenix Gate, Jintang Gate, Dingyuan Gate, Hongya Gate and Xishui Gate. Open nine city gates: Chaotian Gate, Dongshui Gate, Taiping Gate, Chuqi Gate, Jinzi Gate, and Nanji Gate. These six gates all face the Yangtze River. In addition, there are Linjiang Gate to the north, Qiansi Gate to the Jialing River, and Tongyuan Gate to the west, which leads to the land route. A "Chongqing Song" records the role of seventeen doors with nine open and eight closed in ancient times.

"Chongqing Song"

Chaotianmen, the big wharf, welcoming officials and receiving saints (opening).

The emerald micro-door is hung with colored satin, and the five colors are bright (closed).

Qiansimen, flower buns, snow as white as silver (open).

Hongya Gate, Guangzhou ships are sailing, and chickens are killed to worship the gods (closed).

Linjiang Gate, Dung Wharf, and Fertile Fields have roots (open).

Taianmen, Taipingcang, accumulating grain to benefit the people (closed).

Go to the far gate, gongs and drums sound, watch the dead people being buried (open).

Golden soup door, wooden coffin, neatly sized (closed).

Nanji Gate, Cai Lanzi, pouring in and out (open).

Phoenix Gate, Sichuan Road Turns, Herds of Cattle and Sheep (closed).

Chu Qimen, a herbal helper, cures all kinds of diseases (open).

The golden and purple gate is exactly opposite the Zhentai Yamen (open).

Taipingmen, Old Drum Tower, the time is accurate (open).

Renhe Gate, the artillery fires, the general manager goes out for inspection (closed).

Dingyuanmen, Jiaochangba, dancing with swords and sticks (closed).

At Fuxing Gate, the horse is running as fast as a soaring cloud (closed).

Dongshuimen, Zhenwu Mountain, Sifang Ancient Well (open).

Three thousand years of Bayu culture, how many historical and cultural relics have survived to this day? As far as the city wall culture is concerned, the ancient city of Chongqing has 17 gates, nine open and eight closed, which have experienced 600 years of vicissitudes, including Taiping Gate, which was just rediscovered in July. There are now only four ancient city gates left: Tongyuan Gate, Dongshui Gate, Renhe Gate and Taiping Gate. . Among them, Tongyuan Gate and Dongshui Gate are relatively well preserved and have convenient transportation. Tongyuan Gate is located in Qixinggang, while Dongshui Gate, Taiping Gate and Renhe Gate are located along Changbin Road. They are not far apart and need to be reached on foot.

1. Tongyuan Gate

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongolian army captured Chengdu, the Song army retreated to Chongqing, and Peng Daya became the prefect of Chongqing. Peng Daya tried his best to expand the city of Chongqing, extending it to the Jialing River in the north, and to the Linjiang Gate and Tongyuan Gate in the west. The scope was roughly twice the size of Jiangzhou City expanded by Li Yan, and laid the foundation for the ancient city of Chongqing until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The general pattern.

Going through Qixinggang and through the Far Gate Cave to Jiaochangkou, this is the old route that Chongqing people are used to taking to get to Jiefangbei. But you know that the two tunnels open to traffic are not actually the Tongyuan Gate. The small doorway next to it that needs to be climbed up is the authentic Tongyuan Gate.

To get to Tongyuanmen, you can take Rail Transit Line 1 from Exit 1 of Qixinggang Station and walk 300 meters to get there; you can also take buses 465, 405, 612 and get off at Qixinggang Station See.

2. Dongshuimen

Dongshuimen is located due east of the Yuzhong Peninsula, just under the pier of the Dongshuimen Bridge under construction near Changbin Road. The unique thing about the city gate is that it does not face the river, but faces the north. The newly built "Wind Corridor" next to it leads directly to the Huguang Guild Hall. In the past, Dongshuimen has always been the main port for people in the city to cross the river by ferry to go to the south bank for shopping, outings, and travel to Yunnan and Guizhou. In the Qing Dynasty, most foreign merchants arrived in Chongqing by water and exited the Dongshuimen. The bustling crowd of traders coming in and out eventually established its status as the most prosperous commercial district. Over the years, the city gate of Dongshuimen has witnessed the busy past of many businessmen wearing long gowns, officials sitting on sliding poles, and Lifu playing short games.

For transportation, from Tongyuanmen to Dongshuimen, you can take 418 to Xiaoshizi and transfer to 112 and get off at Daomoumen Station; the taxi ride is about 4 kilometers.

3. Taiping Gate Chapter 2: Memory of the Ancient City - Old City Gate of Beijing

The ancient capital of Beijing has a symmetrical and neat design, and its grandeur is unparalleled in the world. Among the many buildings in Beijing, the ones that best reflect the majesty of the ancient capital are the city gates and towers. However, with the rapid changes in Beijing, the appearance of the old days is no longer visible. The original city wall became a thoroughfare, and the city gates were only preserved as place names. Today, only three remain - Zhengyang Gate, Desheng Gate Arrow Tower and Yongding Gate.

Following the changes of the city gate, through the scrolls of history and the scrolls of memory, we can still vaguely hear the evening drums and morning bells of old Beijing, see the bright armor of the garrison, and feel the times. The bloody storm of change. The majestic city gates have disappeared over the years with the passage of history. They cannot be touched or seen, but their existence cannot be ignored, just like the warriors written in the annals of history cannot be ignored.

Old people in Beijing all know that there is a saying about the city gates of Beijing, which is "nine inner, seven outer, seven imperial cities, four, nine gates, eight bells (one o'clock)", which refers to the inner city of Beijing. The gates of the city, the outer city and the imperial city each have different names, purposes and characteristics.

Among them, the "Nine Nine" refers to Dongzhimen and Chaoyangmen in the east; Xizhimen and Fuchengmen in the west; Deshengmen and Andingmen in the north; Chongwenmen and Chongwenmen in the south. Zhengyangmen (front gate) and Xuanwumen. "Outer Seven" refers to the outer city gate that Emperor Shizong built in the 32nd year of Jiajing in order to strengthen the city's defense. Parallel to the "first three gates" in the north and the inner city are Dongbianmen and Xibianmen. To the east and west are Guangqumen and Guang'anmen respectively. To the south are Zuo'anmen, You'anmen and Yongding, which leads directly to Zhengyangmen. Door.

In the early years, Beijing’s city walls and gates were ancient military fortifications, and their structures reflected military purposes. Due to their different locations and importance, the inner city walls are generally thicker, the gates are taller, and there are more door openings. The outer city walls are relatively thin and the gates are relatively short. For example, the Zuo'anmen gate has only one floor and one door opening. But in general, Beijing city gates are composed of three parts: tower, arrow tower and urn.

What’s very interesting is that Beijing’s old city gates even influenced today’s calligraphy. I wonder if you have noticed that the word "men" on the plaques on the Nine Gate Towers in Beijing has no hook on it. Why doesn't the word "door" have a hook? According to legend, the emperor is the proud son of heaven and the reincarnation of a true dragon. Therefore, when the emperor is sick, he calls the dragon's body sick; when he loses his temper, he calls the dragon's face angry; when the emperor is happy, he calls the dragon's heart happy. All have to use hooks. Since the emperor is the reincarnation of a real dragon, how can there be a hook where the emperor lives? Therefore, the last stroke of the character "门" in Neijiumen is straight, without a hook.

Zhengyangmen (1)

Zhengyangmen is the south gate of the inner city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located on the central axis of Beijing. Because of its location in the imperial city, It is right in front and is commonly known as "Qianmen" by the people. Zhengyang Gate, called Li Zhengmen in the Yuan Dynasty, got its name from the Li hexagram, "The sun and moon are as beautiful as the sky". Beijingers like to call the Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower "Qianmen Tower", and outsiders often get a taste of the Qianmen Tower from the old "Da Qianmen" cigarette packaging box. But few people know that the Qianmen building that people have been accustomed to for many years is not an "original product." It turns out that the existing Qianmen Building was rebuilt in 1903 and renovated by foreigners in 1915, a hybrid product of a combination of native and foreign.

The inner city of old Beijing was rebuilt from the Yuan Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. There were originally 11 city gates in Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty. After reconstruction, 9 remained, but they only had door openings and no towers. In the first year of Ming Zhengtong (1436), additional city towers were built for each city gate, additional arrow towers were built, and a circle of urns was built between the city towers and arrow towers. The Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower was built at that time.

As the main gate of the capital, Zhengyang Gate has a prominent status, so the city tower and arrow tower are taller than the other eight gates. Moreover, there are no door openings under the other eight watchtowers (for example, the existing Deshengmen watchtower has no door openings). Pedestrians entering and leaving must go through the gate door of the gate tower on the side of the Wengcheng. Only the Zhengyangmen Urn City has door openings on both sides, and there is also a door opening under the arrow tower for the emperor's passage only, which is called the "Imperial Road". This rule lasted from the Ming and Qing dynasties until Yuan Shikai became president in 1912. It is worth mentioning that there is still a red-painted "thousand-jin gate" hanging inside the Zhengyangmen Archery Tower doorway. It is an "anti-theft door" that can be quickly lowered in case of emergency.

Chongwenmen (2) and Xuanwumen (3)

There is Chongwenmen to the east and Xuanwumen to the west of the inner city of Beijing. "Chongwen" means to revere culture, and "Xuanwu" means to promote military power. The two city gates are juxtaposed to the east and west, which means "civilization on the left and military on the right" and "civilization governs but Wuan". According to the theory of yin and yang and the five elements, the east is wood, which governs life; the west is gold, which governs death. Therefore, those who came to Beijing to take exams had to go to Chongwenmen, the dead had to go to Xuanwumen for funerals, and the condemned prisoners were escorted to the execution ground through Xuanwumen in the Qing Dynasty. Go to Caishikou execution ground.

Chongwenmen was called Wenmingmen in the Yuan Dynasty, also known as Hadamen. It is the "Jingmen", which means the door of light and prosperity. Its symbol is the Chongwen iron turtle in Zhenhai. It is probably the gate with the busiest flow of people and goods among all the gates in Beijing. When it closes every day, a bell will be rung to remind people who want to go in and out of the city gate. While other city gates are struck with a flat percussion instrument, which sounds like "嘡", so there is a saying in old Beijing of "nine gates, eight bells (click) and one bell". At the same time, it is often said in the colloquial language of old Beijing "Hour" probably also comes from this. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, all kinds of goods shipped from the south to Tongzhou via the Grand Canal had to enter the city via Chongwenmen by land, where they were inspected and paid taxes. The imperial court set up a customs office at Chongwenmen and assigned special personnel to supervise it. At that time, most of the fine wines were shipped from Zhuozhou, Hebei and other places, so it was natural to take the southern route to Beijing. The truck transporting wine first entered Zuo'anmen in the outer city, and then went to Chongwenmen to pay taxes. There are many taverns outside Chongwenmen, and the smell of wine is wafted all the way, so it is called "wine gate" in slang.

Xuanwu Gate was called Shuncheng Gate in the Yuan Dynasty. The noon cannon on the Wengcheng was fired every day, and the sound shocked Beijing. People in Beijing used this to mark the time, and it was known as: "Xuanwu noon cannon".

Xuanwumen was the "Gate of Death". At that time, most of the cemeteries in Beijing were in the Taoranting area of ??Beijing, so most mourners went out of Xuanwumen. In the Qing Dynasty, the execution ground was at Caishikou, and the vehicles escorting death row prisoners also went out of Xuanwumen. Therefore, there is a saying that "you enter the wine cart at Chongwen Gate, and the prison cart comes out from Xuanwu Gate".

Andingmen (4) and Deshengmen (5)

Andingmen and Deshengmen are also two city gates with corresponding names. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, armies went through Deshengmen when going to war. After winning the battle, their triumphant troops would enter the city through Andingmen (there are also different sayings that they left Andingmen and returned to Deshengmen). Deshengmen was called Jiandemen in the Yuan Dynasty. It is said that when Xu Da led his army to attack Beijing in the early Ming Dynasty, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty escaped from Jiandemen in the west of the north city of Yuan Dynasty. Xu Da changed the name of Jiandemen to commemorate this victory. The gate of victory. Later, the city wall was moved south and renamed Deshengmen.

Anding Gate, also called "Shengmen", means "abundance", so the emperor had to go out from this gate to the Temple of Earth to pray for a good harvest. Temples related to emperors were built in the urns of the other eight city gates. Only the temple of Emperor Zhenwu was built in the urn of Andingmen, and Emperor Zhenwu became the treasure of the gate. There are many dung dumps outside Andingmen, so most dung trucks come in and out through Andingmen.

Dongzhimen (6) and Xizhimen (7)

Dongzhimen was called Chongren Gate in the Yuan Dynasty. It is located to the north of the east wall of the inner city and is the simplest gate among the nine gates in the inner city. . It is said that when the city of Beijing was being built, most of the trucks transporting wood were transported into the capital from this point on. Therefore, Dongzhimen is also called "Wooden Gate". The treasure of the town gate is an iron tower outside and a stone statue of Lord Yao inside.

Xizhimen, also known as Heyimen in the Yuan Dynasty, is marked by a stone carved with water patterns on the urn city, which often used waterwheels. Due to poor water quality in Beijing, drinking water for the palaces of the Ming and Qing dynasties had to be transported to the city from Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs. Yuquan Mountain is located in the northwest of Beijing. Xizhimen is the only way to enter Beijing from Yuquan Mountain, so it is called Water Gate.

Hepingmen, Jianguomen (8) and Fuxingmen (9)

Hepingmen, Jianguomen and Fuxingmen are not among the old buildings in the old Beijing city. The city gates were added to the city wall to facilitate transportation after the Japanese launched a war of aggression against China during the Republic of China and occupied Peiping. However, they are very different from the original city gates. They do not have city towers, arrow towers and urns. In fact, they only opened two arched holes in the original city wall to allow vehicles and pedestrians to pass.

Yongding Gate (10)

Located at the southern end of the central axis of Beijing, Yongding Gate was the largest and most important outer city gate in the entire southern city during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It means "eternal stability". . In 1949, when Peiping was peacefully liberated, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered the city through Yongding Gate for inspection, making this tower a revolutionary historical relic.

After being demolished for nearly half a century in order to restore the landscape of Beijing’s central axis, the Yongding Gate Tower was finally rebuilt in 2004, recreating the style of the heyday of the Qing Dynasty. While the Yongding Gate was being rebuilt, the Beijing Museum of Cultural Relics and Ancient Architecture discovered the stone plaque of the Yongding Gate of the Ming Dynasty in the Xiannong Altar. They rubbed the words on the plaque and made a new plaque to hang on the new city gate, and the words The original plaque with the words Yongdingmen is now stored in the Capital Museum.

Swedish scholar Xi Renlong once made a vivid metaphor of Beijing’s city walls and gates: “If we compare it (Beijing City) to a giant’s body, the city gates are like the giant’s mouth, and the other city gates are like the giant’s mouth. Breathing and speaking pass through this gate, where the pulse of life in the city is concentrated. Not only are there a large number of vehicles, pedestrians and livestock, but also people's thoughts and wishes, hopes and disappointments, as well as symbols of death or death. The procession of funerals and weddings of a new life. At the city gate, you can feel the pulse of the whole city, and the life and will of the whole city flow through this narrow passage - this pulse gives Beijing this extremely complex organism its vitality. The rhythm of life and movement. ”

On the one hand, the disappearance of Beijing’s city gates has promoted the development of economy and transportation. On the other hand, it has to make people sad that historical monuments and architectural masterpieces have been lost.

Nowadays, I can only imagine sitting in a car speeding along the Second Ring Road. The generals who guarded the city were patrolling the city walls; I can only imagine standing in front of Desheng Gate, overlooking the city of Beijing from a height! Chapter 3: Tour guide exam: List of tourism promotion slogans in each province

Shaanxi: Humanistic Shaanxi, mountains and rivers Qinling

Shanghai: Discover more, experience more

Beijing: Welcome to Beijing Tourism

Tianjin: Pearl of the Bohai Sea, Beautiful Tianjin

Hebei: Chengyi Yanzhao, Scenic Spot Hebei

Shanxi: Jin Shan Jin Mei

Inner Mongolia: Beautiful Inner Mongolia welcomes you

Liaoning: Full of refreshing breeze, colorful Liaoning

Jilin: Ecological Jilin, 22° summer

Heilongjiang ：The scenery of the North, the beauty is in Heilongjiang

Jiangsu: beautiful mountains and rivers, ancient charm and modern glory

Zhejiang: poetry and painting in the south of the Yangtze River, landscape Zhejiang

Anhui: Wanruo fairyland

Fujian: Shanhai Gallery, a blessed place on earth

Jiangxi: The scenery here is unique

Shandong: Hospitable Shandong welcomes you

Henan: Hometown of the soul, Henan

Hubei: Beautiful Hubei welcomes you

Hunan: Splendid Xiaoxiang, happy Hunan

Guangdong: Vibrant Guangdong, replaced by peace

Guangxi: The beauty of the world is in Guangxi

Hainan: Sunny Hainan, a holiday paradise

Chongqing: Beautiful Chongqing welcomes you

Sichuan: Tianfu Sichuan , the hometown of pandas

Guizhou: Wonderful mountains and beautiful waters, colorful Guizhou

Yunnan: Colorful Yunnan, a tourist paradise

Tibet: the roof of the world, magical Tibet

Gansu: fine silk, colorful Gansu

Qinghai: beautiful Qinghai welcomes you

Ningxia: none

Xinjiang: cultural holy land, beautiful Xinjiang

The Corps: Our good place in Xinjiang, the Corps’ love from all over the world

Hong Kong: Hong Kong welcomes you WELCOME TO HK

Macau: MACAU

Taiwan ：Welcome to Taiwan

So, do you know about tour guides and their exams?

1. The knowledge of tour guides

The concept of tour guides:

In accordance with the regulations on the management of tour guides, obtain a tour guide certificate, accept the appointment of travel agencies, and provide tourists with Personnel who provide guides, explanations and related tourism services.

Classification of tour guides:

Divided by work area: overseas tour leaders, tour guides who accompany the entire journey (abbreviated as full escorts), and local accompanying tour guides (abbreviated as

Local guides), tour guides for scenic spots;

Divided by language: Chinese tour guides (including Mandarin, dialect, minority language tour guides), foreign language tour guides (including English, Japanese, Korean, French, German, Italian, etc. Language tour guide);

Divided according to technical level: elementary, intermediate, advanced and special tour guides.

Requirements for tour guides:

Strong sense of patriotism, extensive basic knowledge (language, travel knowledge, policies and regulations, history, geography, customs, literature, economy, architecture, Psychology, management, etc.), strong organization, coordination, adaptability, proficiency in tour guide business, high tour guide skills, attention to appearance, physical and mental health.

2. Obtaining the Tour Guide Certificate

Tour Guide Qualification Certificate and Tour Guide Certificate:

The Tour Guide Qualification Certificate is the national certification for the qualifications of those engaged in tour guide services and is valid for Lifetime, and the tour guide certificate is proof of business license and is valid for 3 years (renewable). Passing the exam and obtaining the tour guide qualification certificate is just a step into the door of the tour guide. To engage in the tour guide profession, you must also obtain a tour guide certificate in accordance with regulations. What we are taking is the Tour Guide Qualification Certificate.

Application requirements:

Be a Chinese citizen, have a high school or secondary vocational school degree or above, and be in good health. Application procedures:

Registration is in early September, usually online. Written test in November or early December. The written test is divided into three subjects: basic knowledge of tour guides (including national and local parts), tour guide practice and tourism policies and regulations, and lasts half a day.

After the written test is the oral test. The oral examination includes explanations of attractions (pick any one), attractions and business questions and answers. The full score is 100 points and the time is 10-20 minutes.

The results will be released at the end of December or January of the following year, and admission will be based on total scores.

At the end of February, go to the local tourism bureau for training, obtain the tour guide qualification certificate, and then go through the procedures to receive the tour guide certificate.

Economic expenses (taking Shandong as an example):

Before the exam: registration fee 260 yuan, teaching materials and test questions 200 yuan, training fees ranging from 600 yuan to 2,000 yuan;

After getting the IC card, the average cost is about 1,000 yuan.

3. Here are some insights for your reference.

1. Is it suitable to be a tour guide?

Tour guides should be outgoing, lively and cheerful, love to deal with people, and love to serve others. The ability of a tour guide must be eloquent, articulate, mentally stable, able to control the situation, handle various emergencies, run errands all day long, and be available on call. If you are not this kind of person, you will not be able to do the job of a tour guide.

2. Do I have to register for classes?

The advantage of enrolling in a class is that the information is comprehensive and rich. You can learn some things that are not in the books and will not be tested in the exam, but are very useful in leading a group. You can meet some very talented tour guides or senior teachers from universities and make friends. A bunch of friends. The disadvantages of registering for classes are: the quality of training classes is uneven, and the level of teachers is generally not high (they can read according to the book. The so-called senior examiner is the kind who can tell what is in the book, but who can't explain it if it is not in the book. People), running for several months is not cheap (especially for students).

3. How to learn?

(1) Reading should be comprehensive and detailed, and do not miss any knowledge point. The 2009 exam questions were too detailed, which stumped a lot of people. Don’t believe everything the sprint class teacher says. The most important thing is to read the book carefully according to the outline.

(2) After reading the book, it is best to go to major scenic spots for on-the-spot inspections, compare them with the guide words, and make good notes, which should be very targeted. Never take chances.

(3) It is best to do some corresponding exercises while reading the book, especially in the sprint stage. Remember!

4. How to take the exam?

The written test is not difficult for those who can pass it, but not for those who are difficult. When you don't know the question, you can use common sense to get some points in the end. Just don’t be nervous about the oral exam. In fact, everyone is similar, there is nothing to be afraid of! ! Think about the worst outcome: the worst possible outcome is that you fail the exam, but there will be many opportunities in the future! The explanation of attractions should be half spoken at most. It is best not to be interrupted, but to be fluent and complete in one go! As for the quiz questions, as long as you review them, you will be able to answer them naturally.

4. Others

Can I lead a group after getting the certificate? After getting your tour guide certificate, your learning has just begun. Only by reading more books, learning more skills, and practicing a few times can you lead the group well. If you only know the things in the textbook, you will be scolded by the guests.

The tour guide exam is a very comprehensive exam, which is difficult, time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive, and the passing rate is not high, but as long as you are confident and diligent, you will definitely pass the exam.

A clear list of tourist attractions across the country is so practical!