Legendary monster
In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of the head was carved on Yi vessels as decoration. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Greedy, with its body, cannibalism does not swallow, harmful to its body." "The Magic Classic of the Southwest Wilderness Classic": "There are many people in the southwest, and they are hairy, wearing tapirs, greedy as wolves, good at gathering money, and don't eat people's valleys. The strong are old and weak, and they are afraid of giving orders, which is called gluttony. " "Song Shaobo recorded after listening" Volume 26: "Shao Shengchu, his ancestor was an official in Chang 'an Mansion. He sold soup and cakes at the people's house in front of the temple of Emperor Gaozu in Xicheng, and got a piece of white jade, which was more than a foot high. It was carved with clouds and dragons everywhere, and it was built into a sacred mountain in the sea, which was enough for gluttony and was a treasure of three generations. "With the changes of the times, the meaning of governing the country contained in the gluttonous pattern of Shanghe was gradually forgotten by people, and later generations exaggerated the gluttonous part of the gluttonous image. Su Dongpo once wrote "Ode to a Gourmet", saying: "The beauty of polymers is built to support my gourmets", which adds cuteness to gluttony. Up to now, friends who like food are called "gluttony".
In Shan Hai Jing, the word "you are an owl" refers to gluttony.
Ding and gluttony
Gourmet food, so stand in the tripod cover. He also said that gluttony is called gluttony, so gourmets are commonly known as "gourmets"; Greedy for money. Represents greed in human nature.
"The Biography of Shu Weihuan" by the greedy and disabled: "Taking the pride of concubines is as close as six bodies, making envoys and servants shoot as matchmakers, welcoming guests for a long history, and celebrating the long autumn."
Gluttony and gluttony
Gluttony (15)
The first act of Cao Yu's Peking Man: "And he is the most particular about eating. He is a famous glutton and is good at tasting the beauty and evil of food. " "Gluttony" is a mythical beast in ancient legends in China, and its greatest feature is that it can eat. It is an imaginary mysterious monster. This monster has no body, because he eats too much of his own body, only a big head and a big mouth. He was so greedy that he finally ate himself. It is a symbol of greed, so it is often used to describe people who are greedy or greedy.
Tang Du Fu's "Chewing" poem: "Pretend to be a thief, gluttony and beard." Qing Li Yu's Naihetian with Vinegar: "After all, you will not be gluttonous, and the first guest will endure emptiness." Nie Gannu's: "The evil spirits of human beings inhabit these living bones, and they enjoy human flesh in their dead lives. "
Metaphor greed
Greedy and incomplete "Old Tang Wen Shu Yuan Ada": "There is no policy of clearing benefits at home, but there is gluttony; There is no loyalty in the festival, but there is rape. " Ai Qing's poem "Reed Flute Ma Qian": "Its gluttony in swallowing whales makes the land in the East richer than the locust plague and drought, which is beyond saving!"
One of the four murderers.
"Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan Gong Eighteen Years": "Yao, a guest in four doors, four families fierce, chaotic, gluttonous, cast the charm of four generations. Because of Yao's collapse, the world is one, and it is one. I think I am the son of heaven and use sixteen phases to eliminate the four evils. " "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period Eternal Jun" [1]: "There are Sakamoto, falcon, bird, country spy and gluttonous places in the north." The four heroes only use chaos, Qiong Qi, elegance and gluttony as metaphors.
Other explanations
Gluttony is a tattoo totem, with Australian aborigines as its next branch of Kabang, Hainan Li people as Tantao Taotan people, Xiangxi Miao people as its disciples, and Tu Tu people as its tone sandhi. "The Biography of Nan Man in the Later Han Dynasty": The famous canal commander said that a good husband and a good wife called disciples.
In the Southern Dynasties, the surname of Liang Sai-jo was given to Ji Wang in Wuling, with gluttony as the surname. See] b] Wang Jichuan of Wuling.
Gluttony, one of the seven deadly sins in the Divine Comedy, refers to wasting food, or indulging one's appetite excessively, drinking too much wine or hoarding too much food. Dante's view is "excessive greed for happiness."
2 History editing
It is recorded in Ci Hai that:
Gluttony is "the legendary gluttony beast." In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of its head was carved as a decoration. When Ci Hai explained the word gluttony, it said that gluttony meant greed, while Yan Shigu in History of Rites and Music noted: "Greedy means gluttony." "Especially gluttony."
"Lingyi Jing Southwest Wilderness Jing": "There are people in the southwest, with hair on their bodies and tapirs on their heads. Greed is like evil, gathering wealth without using it, and being good at stealing people's food (the original sentence "gathering wealth without eating people's food", according to the Historical Records of the Five Emperors, was changed by righteousness). The strong take the old and the weak, and are afraid of hitting the single, which is called gluttony. " "Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Those who gluttonous, Jinyun also."
"Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan Gong Eighteen Years" says: "The Jinyun family is incompetent, gluttonous, taking bribes, invading desire, extravagant and disgusting; Accumulate and accumulate facts without knowing the truth; No matter who is widowed, there is no pity for the poor. People in the world are more fierce than three, which is called gluttony. " This is the so-called nerve in Spring and Autumn Annals.
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Greedy, with a body, cannibalism does not swallow its body, but more rewarding." [2]
Song Lomi's Biography of Human-God: "The God of Human-God is rare, and there are three generations of barbarians, as many as Human-God, which is a ring of greed and abuse. Its image rate is animal-shaped, and it is rich in meat wings. " If you slap what you say, you are almost greedy.
Zuo Zhuan says that gluttony is "the Jinyun family is not a gifted scholar", and Historical Records of the Five Emperors says: "The Jinyun family is a gifted scholar, greedy for food and taking bribes, and the world calls it gluttony." "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" quoted Jia Xuan: "Jinyun's surname is Jiang, a descendant of Emperor Yan, and he was an official in Jinyun when the Yellow Emperor was there." Jiang Chiyou's surname is also a descendant of Emperor Yan (Biography of Daoshi Chiyou), so Chiyou is probably the "incompetent" gluttony of Jinyun. According to legend, gluttony is the resentment of Chiyou who was beheaded after being defeated by Yanhuang, and it has the ability to devour everything. It was sealed by the Yellow Emperor with Xuanyuan sword (dragon tattoo on the sword) and guarded by the lion family for generations (gatekeeper lion). The Yan Yan recorded in The Classic of Mountains and Seas and Bates' Two Classics is considered by Guo Pu as the gluttony in Zuo Zhuan.
"Genie": There is an evil beast at the southernmost tip of China, with four black eyes, a long neck and four feet. It is fierce in nature and extremely greedy. It would be a disaster if the March was swift and violent. A kind of dragon water beast, its head is diagonal, its body is cold, most of them are bluish-white, and its body length is tens of feet. Sometimes it is gentle and sometimes violent, and it flies up and stirs up dozens of feet of water waves, which is extremely powerful.
There is a cloud in the Western Divine Classic: "Gluttony, the name of an animal, has a body like an ox, a face like a man, eyes under his arm and eats people."
3 gluttonous culture editor
Gluttony is a legendary evil animal. It is so greedy that it eats up its own body, so its shape is generally headless. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" said: "Greedy, have a body, eat without swallowing its body, so it is more rewarding with words." In ancient China mythology, gluttony was one of the four evils. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, who was beheaded, and his first landing turned into gluttony. There is a cloud in Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing: "There is more jade on the mountain and more copper on the mountain in Wu Gou. There is a beast that looks like a sheep's face, has eyes under his arm, teeth are claws, and sounds like a baby. It is called a man-eating beast. "
A person who loves ...
According to Guo Pu's annotation in Jin Dynasty, "Linli" here means gluttony. There are similar records in the magical western classics: "gluttony, animal names, body like cattle, face, eyes under the armpit, cannibalism." "Yi Shu Jing" said that "Taotie" was from Sanmiao people in southwest China, and his good friend Chen said that "Taotie" was Chiyou, while Mr. Wang's query on bronze decoration was considered as Shennong. There is a legend that the dragon gave birth to nine sons among the later people. In the Ming Dynasty, Lu Rong and Yang Shen listed gluttony as one of the nine sons of the dragon, which was already a kind of attachment. In Lu Rong's Miscellaneous Notes on Gardens, it is recorded that gluttony "makes a bridge because of good water", while in Yang Shen's Collection of Mountaineering Temples, it is recorded that gluttony makes a bridge because of good food.
The animal face decoration of Shang and Zhou bronzes reflected people's worship of natural gods at that time, so it had a mysterious and solemn atmosphere. However, people have different opinions about what these mysterious decorative patterns represent. Bronze ware is the embodiment of the ancestors' consciousness of "respecting god" in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, while the Zhou Dynasty developed into "legalizing respect for heaven and ancestors", forming a trinity of religion, political power and clan power. Most scholars believe that the rulers of Shang and Zhou dynasties used the "ferocious terror" of bronze decoration to express the "mysterious majesty" of kingship, so as to express their possession of political power, status and wealth, which is daunting. Slave owners put all their majesty, will, glory, fantasy and hope on these horrible and ferocious ornamentation. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi also thinks that "bronze is politics and power", but he thinks that these animal designs are not for intimidation, but for communication with God. Due to the low level of productivity in primitive society, many unexplained phenomena are attributed to the power of God. People are full of awe of the gods, beg for them, please them, and dominate things with the help of divine power. Therefore, wizards who can communicate with the gods have a very high status, and the wizard class has become the original imperial ruling class. Sacrifice is the privilege of wizards, and it is also the central link to communicate between man and god and sanctify human order. Wizards use animals on bronzes to communicate with gods, so these strange animal patterns also represent mystery and power. According to the research of Mr. Zhang Changshou, a gentle Chen Gong, the most primitive form of faceless animal face pattern is just a pair of round bubble-shaped chest nails to show the eyes with animal face pattern, which can be traced back to Erlitou culture, and then nose, horns, ears and eyebrows are gradually added to become animal face patterns with complete organs. Order is the main body of animal face pattern, because animal face pattern generally has only eyes, and it should originate from prehistoric eye worship. There are pairs of eye patterns on prehistoric painted pottery, and there are also pairs of eye patterns on jade. In the late Neolithic period, there appeared the standard animal face pattern and the simplified animal face pattern, namely the eye pattern. According to Mr. Tang Huisheng's research, the god in shamanism is also the sun god, and the sun god is often painted as an eye, because in many ancient myths, the sun is called the "eye of heaven". For example, the sun god of the Polo Sect is also called "the eye of the sky" or "the eye of the world". Scholars who hold this view believe that the traditional gluttonous pattern is not only a kind of animal face pattern, but also belongs to the god or sun god. The emphasis on the eyes in the gluttony pattern is a description of its characteristics as the divine light of the sun. [3]
This gluttonous pattern first appeared on the jade articles of Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5,000 years ago, but it was more common on bronzes, especially Ding Shang, which appeared as far back as Erlitou Xia culture.
However, the name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous mask is 2 1.0 cm high and is now in the Seattle Library. This decoration usually takes the bridge of the nose as the center line and is symmetrically arranged on both sides.
What exactly does gluttony mean? There have always been different opinions, and there is no conclusion so far. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are dragons, tigers, cows, deer and mandrills. Others are like birds, phoenixes and people. Among all the decorative patterns, the gluttonous pattern is the most widely recognized tiger shape.
In ancient times, the tiger was also a very important beast. Later, the figure of a wizard riding a tiger appeared in the cultural relics.
In the long cultural history of China, there was a long stage of dragon and tiger worship before the worship of "Dragon and Phoenix". From the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty, Long Hudou's patterns and shapes were very popular, among which Long Hudou unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb was the most exquisite and extraordinary. The ancients thought that the tiger was a yang beast. "The cloud follows the dragon and the wind follows the tiger." Fighting between dragons and tigers indicates intercourse between yin and yang. In the Han Dynasty, Black Dragon, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu represented four astronomical officials in China, West, South and North respectively. At least, in the early history of China, the status of the tiger was not lower than that of the dragon. However, the description of the magical power of tigers in ancient books is obviously difficult to compare with the prominent position of gluttony in bronzes.
The real name and prototype of the beast referred to by the animal face pattern have long been buried in an era that cannot be reproduced. Later generations were named gluttonous because of their ferocious, mysterious and horrible faces, and some of them still had heads in their mouths. Gourmets were originally used in Zuo Zhuan to describe heartless people who are greedy for money and food. Modern scholars point out that it is far-fetched to name the animal face tattoo as a gluttonous person, which is contrary to the social and cultural situation in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.