1. The history of Yinchuan is
Yinchuan has a long history and is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization of the Chinese nation. The sites and relics of human activities in the Late Paleolithic Age discovered in Shuidonggou indicate that human activities existed here as early as the primitive society. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (approximately 11th century BC - 221 BC), Ningxia was one of the areas where the Qiang, Rong and Xiongnu ethnic groups concentrated.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, Meng Tian led an army of 300,000 to guard the border here. He built the world-famous Qin Great Wall and the famous Qin Canal, creating a history of diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation. By the Han Dynasty, the farming economy here was already quite prosperous. During the Yangshuo period of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, Beidianong City was built, opening the first page of the history of Yinchuan city construction, which has lasted more than 2,000 years. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che, visited Ningxia twice and immigrated 700,000 people into the territory. Agricultural irrigation has further developed. In the third year of Yifeng, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty (AD 678), Huaiyuan New City was built, which is now where Xingqing District of Yinchuan is located. After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Prince Li Heng entered Ningxia and ascended the throne in Lingwu and proclaimed himself emperor (i.e. Suzong of the Tang Dynasty). At that time, Yinchuan had become one of the important corridors for east-west transportation and trade in China. It had developed agriculture and was quite prosperous.
In 1038 AD, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Dangxiang tribe, established the Daxia Kingdom with Ningxia as the center, known as Xixia in history, and its capital was Xingqing Mansion (today's Yinchuan City). The leader Li Yuanhao built an altar here to receive the title of emperor. At that time, the territory of Xixia included Ningxia, most of Gansu, northern Shaanxi, eastern Xinjiang and other vast areas in northwest China. It had a confrontation with the Song, Liao and Jin regimes for 189 years. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, Ningxia Fulu was established in 1288, and the place name "Ningxia" began to appear. Since then, Yinchuan has been an important border garrison town for successive dynasties.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ningxia *** Autonomous Region was established in 1958, with Yinchuan City as the capital of the autonomous region
2. The origin of Ningxia
Ningxia got its name from the beginning. In 1227 AD, after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, it was renamed "Ningxia", which means to pacify Xixia, stabilize Xixia, and make Xixia "tranquil".
Ningxia has a long history. According to archaeological discoveries by archaeologists in Shuidonggou, Lingwu County, and Changliushui, Zhongwei County, Ningxia, human life in the Paleolithic Age existed on this land as early as 30,000 years ago. , creating the "Shuidonggou Culture" that is famous both at home and abroad.
In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms and regained Hetao. At that time, the Ningxia area was Beidi County. A large number of subjects from the Six Kingdoms were moved here to open up wasteland, cultivate land, and build canals for irrigation. It laid the foundation for the agricultural development of the Ningxia Plain. The Qin Canal was excavated in the Qin Dynasty and is still in use today. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of immigrants poured into the Hetao area of ??Ningxia. It also brought advanced farming technology to the Central Plains. In order to expand the cultivated land, a new Han Canal was opened.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms were at war and the Central Plains was in war. Ningxia became a place for the Qiang, Xiongnu and Xianbei people to nomadic and hunt for deer. From 407 to 431 AD, the Xiongnu Helian flourished and established Daxia, becoming one of the Sixteen Kingdoms. Now Guyuan, Lingwu, Yinchuan and other areas in Ningxia are under its jurisdiction. Li Yuan destroyed the Sui Dynasty and established the Tang Dynasty, dividing the country into fifteen tracts. Ningxia belongs to Guannai Road. In Lingzhou, south of present-day Lingwu County, there was the Governor's Office and the Shuofang Jiedu Envoy, with more than 60,000 troops stationed. It has become a political, military, economic and transportation center in the northwest. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Ningxia's economy also developed greatly.
In 1038 AD, Yuan Hao officially proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named Xia. Because it was in the west of the Northern Song Dynasty and different from Helianxia, ??one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, it was called Xixia in history. Xingqing Mansion, now Yinchuan City, is not only the political and economic center of Xixia, but also the hub of water conservancy and irrigation. In the Xixia period, animal husbandry was very prosperous. Most of the horses used in the Song Dynasty were purchased from Xixia. Genghis Khan also received many camels from Xixia. The handicraft industry in Xixia is also very developed, mainly including tanning leather, spinning wool, and making felt blankets. The Chengtian Temple Pagoda built during the Liang Zuo period still stands in Yinchuan today, demonstrating the superb construction technology of the Xixia people.
In 1227 AD, after the Xixia Kingdom was destroyed by Genghis Khan, the Yuan Dynasty established Ningxia Prefecture Road here and began to move into ***. After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, the Ningxia region became a border fortress.
In 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered farmers to return to farming, recognizing that those who tilled the land had their land and those who cultivated it enjoyed their land. Later, an edict was issued stipulating that farmers in Ningxia and other places could keep the land they reclaimed for themselves and would never be taxed.
The Communist Party also organized the army to build water conservancy projects and placed a large number of Communists in the Lingzhou and Guyuan areas as "tunshu" people. Around AD 1412, the population multiplied and food reserves increased. Warehousing in Ningxia and other places can cover local salaries for 10 years. However, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, war broke out, people were devastated, and Ningxia's economy also suffered great damage.
The Qing Dynasty established Ningxia Prefecture and generally reduced taxes in Ningxia. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed to Huizhuang from Ningxia to Pingliang, and gradually became the largest and most concentrated ethnic settlement in the country. After the Republic of China, Ningxia was established as a province in 1929, with jurisdiction over eight counties (Ningxia, Ningshuo, Pingluo, Lingwu, Yanchi, Jinji, Tongxin, and Zhongwei) as well as Alxa and Ejina Banners in Inner Mongolia.
Ningxia was liberated in October 1949, and the original organized jurisdiction remained unchanged. In 1954, Ningxia was merged into Gansu Province. Ningxia *** Autonomous Region was formally established in October 1958. 3. The origin of the name Yinchuan
Yinchuan City is an ancient city with a long history and a developing regional central city. It is also known as "Yinchuan" in folklore. Phoenix".
The Shuidonggou site in Hengcheng, Lingwu City, which dates back to the Paleolithic Age 30,000 years ago, and the Neolithic cultural sites in Zhenbeibao in the western suburbs of Yinchuan and Nuanquan in Helan County were discovered in Yinchuan. The earliest settlement. During the Yin, Shang, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, this was an area where Beiqiang, Xunyu (meat porridge), Xiongnu and other ethnic groups were active and nomadic.
In 221 BC, after Qin Shi Huang unified China, the Yinchuan area became part of Beidi County. During the Yangshuo period of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty (around 24 BC), Beidianong City (also known as Lu City and Yinhan City) was built. This was the beginning of the construction of Yinchuan.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Daxia Kingdom rebuilt "Lizi Garden" as an important town for garrisoning troops and collecting grain. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Huaiyuan County and Huaiyuan County were established.
In the second year of Yifeng (677), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Huaiyuan County was flooded by the Yellow River and the city was abandoned. In the second year (678), "a new city was built to the west of the old city" (today's Xingqing District, Yinchuan).
The Song Dynasty was called Huaiyuan Town. In the fourth year of Tianxi reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1020), Li Deming, the leader of the Dangxiang tribe, moved his capital from Lingzhou (today's Lingwu) to Huaiyuan Town (today's Yinchuan City). Palaces, capitals were built, and the name was changed to Xingzhou. Later Li Deming's son Li Yuanhao was promoted to Xingzhou as Xingqing Mansion.
In the first year of Baoyuan of the Song Dynasty (1038), Li Yuanhao built an altar in Xingqing Mansion to receive the title of emperor, and established the Daxia Kingdom (historically known as Xixia), with Xingqing Mansion (Yinchuan) as its capital. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was located on Zhongxing Road and later changed to Ningxiafu Road.
Ningxia Prefecture was established in the Ming Dynasty and is one of the "Nine Border Towns". Following the Ming system in the Qing Dynasty, it was still governed by Ningxia Prefecture.
During the Republic of China (1929), Ningxia Province was established. Yinchuan was the provincial capital and was called the provincial capital at that time. In April 1944, the provincial capital of Ningxia was named Yinchuan.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was still the capital of Ningxia Province. In 1954, Ningxia Province was abolished and Yinchuan City became the seat of Gansu Province Yinchuan Agency.
On October 25, 1958, the Ningxia *** Autonomous Region was established. Yinchuan City is the capital of the autonomous region and the political, economic and cultural center of the autonomous region. 4. The origin of Yinchuan
As an ancient place name, "Yinchuan" was first seen in "New Tang Book·Geography": "Yinchuan County, Yinzhou".
The former site is in the northeast of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. "Minutes of Fangyu Reading History" records that in the fourth year of Song Chongning (1105), "Yinzhou was still established, and in the fifth year it was abandoned as Yinchuan City, and Jin was Yinchuan Village.
Abandoned." Ningxia local documents The word "Yinchuan" appeared around the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
When some officials and literati sang about the beautiful scenery of Ningxia plains with canals intertwined like a network and lakes connecting them, they used "Yinchuan" to describe the scenery of the water town where the water reflects the clear light. For example, "Lying on the camel bells near the river, with Yinchuan in the distance carrying He orchids", "The mountains are like rushing waves, and the Yellow River is as wide as a mile.
The city is as small as a boat, and Yinchuan is also outline", "Maybe Tianwu Liao For a small trial, we will temporarily move Loach Point to Yinchuan." Yinchuan in these poems has no clear place name meaning.
Yinchuan Phoenix Monument During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the word "Yinchuan" gradually took on the meaning of a place name referring to a region. For example, there is a record in the "Huinong Canal Stele" that "the Yellow River originates from Kunlun, passes through Yinchuan, and goes north from Shizuishan..." The Yinchuan in the inscription generally refers to the Yinchuan Plain where the Yellow River is irrigated.
Yinchuan City, referred to as "Yin", is the capital of Ningxia *** Autonomous Region. It is the military, political, economic, cultural and scientific research, transportation and financial and commercial center of the region. It mainly develops the light textile industry. A comprehensive industrial city with coordinated development of machinery, chemical industry and building materials industry. Yinchuan is located in the middle of the Ningxia Plain in northwest China, with Helan Mountain to the west and the Yellow River to the east. It is a developing regional central city and the permanent venue for the China-*** National Expo.
Yinchuan is an ancient city with a long history. It was the capital of the Xixia Dynasty in history. It is a national historical and cultural city. It is also called "Phoenix City" in folklore, and was called "Xingqing Mansion" and "Ningxia City" in ancient times. It is known as "Jiangnan on the Fortress, Land of Fish and Rice" and "Pearl on the Fortress". In the west of the city is the famous national-level scenic spot, the Xixia Royal Tombs. The comprehensive competitiveness of the city ranks among the top 100 in the country, and it has won the honors of National Civilized City, National Water-saving City, National Sanitary City, National Garden City, National Environmental Protection Model City, and China Human Settlements Environment Model Award, etc., and was rated as one of "China's Top Ten New Tianfu" The Paleolithic Shuidonggou site in Hengcheng 30,000 years ago and the Neolithic cultural sites in Zhenbeibao, Nuanquan and other places are the earliest settlements discovered in Yinchuan.
During the Yin, Shang, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, this was an area where the Beiqiang, Xunyu (meat porridge), Xiongnu and other ethnic groups were active and nomadic. In 221 BC, after Qin Shihuang destroyed the six kingdoms, he sent Meng Tian to lead an army of 300,000 to attack the Xiongnu in the north, seize the Hetao area, occupy the Hedong area of ??the Ningxia Plain, and begin to guard the border here. Qin divided the world into 36 counties, and the Yinchuan area was Beidi County. Belong.
During the Yangshuo period of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty (around 24 BC), Beidianong City (also known as Lu City and Yinhan City) was built. This was the beginning of the construction of Yinchuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Great Xia Kingdom rebuilt "Lizi Garden" as an important town for garrisoning troops and collecting grain.
In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Huaiyuan County and Huaiyuan County were established. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Huaiyuan County and Huaiyuan County were established.
In the second year of Yifeng (677), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Huaiyuan County was flooded by the Yellow River and the city was abandoned. In the second year (678), a new city (today's Xingqing District of Yinchuan) was built to the west of the old city.
The Song Dynasty was called Huaiyuan Town. In the fourth year of Tianxi reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1020), Li Deming, the leader of the Dangxiang tribe, moved his capital from Lingzhou (today's Lingwu) to Huaiyuan Town (today's Yinchuan City). Palaces, capitals were built, and the name was changed to Xingzhou. Later, Li Deming's son Li Yuanhao was promoted to Xingzhou as Xingqing Mansion.
In the first year of Baoyuan of the Song Dynasty (1038), Li Yuanhao built an altar in Xingqing Mansion to receive the title of emperor, and established the Daxia Kingdom (historically known as Xixia), with Xingqing Mansion (Yinchuan) as its capital. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was set up on Zhongxing Road and later changed to Ningxiafu Road. The name of Ningxia originated from here.
Ningxia Prefecture was established in the Ming Dynasty and is one of the "Nine Border Towns". Following the Ming system in the Qing Dynasty, it was still governed by Ningxia Prefecture.
In the Jianyuan period of the Republic of China, because the name of Ningxia Road in the Qing Dynasty was the same as that of Ningxia County, and Ningxia was the ancient Shuofang area, the name of Ningxia Road was changed to Shuofang Road, covering Ningxia, Ningshuo, Zhongwei, Pingluo, and Lingxia. The eight counties of Wu, Jinji, Yanchi and Zhenrong still belong to Gansu Province. The Highway Department and the two county governments of Ningxia and Ningshuo are located in Ningxia City.
In 1913, Ningshuo County moved to Xinmancheng, and later moved to Wanghongbao in Yongning County, Qujingbao and Xiaoba Town in Qingtongxia City. On October 17, 1923, the eight counties of Shuofang Road in the old Gansu Province and the Xitao Mongolian Banner under the jurisdiction of the Ningxia Protectorate were merged to form Ningxia Province.
Ningxia Province was established on January 1, 1929, and the provincial capital was located in Ningxia City. In April 1941, Yongning County was added to the jurisdiction of parts of Ningxia and Ningshuo counties, and the county government was located in Yanghebao (now Yanghe Town, Yongning).
Ningxia County was renamed Helan County, and the county government was moved from the provincial capital to Xiebaobao (today's Xigang Town, Helan County). In January 1944, the provincial capital of Ningxia was transformed into a city and named Yinchuan. It remains the provincial capital of Ningxia.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was still the capital of Ningxia Province. In 1954, Ningxia Province was abolished and Yinchuan City became the seat of Gansu Province Yinchuan Agency.
In October 1958, the Ningxia *** Autonomous Region was established. Yinchuan City is the capital of the autonomous region and the political, economic and cultural center of the autonomous region. [2-3] Origin of place names "Yinchuan" as an ancient place name was first seen in "New Tang Book·Geography": "Yinchuan County, Yinzhou".
The former site is in the northeast of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. "Minutes of Reading History Fangyu" records that in the fourth year of Song Chongning (1105), "Yinzhou was still established, and in the fifth year it was abandoned as Yinchuan City, and Jin was Yinchuan Village.
Abandoned." Ningxia local documents The word "Yinchuan" appeared around the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
When some officials and literati sang about the beautiful scenery of Ningxia plains with canals intertwined like a network and lakes connecting them, they used "Yinchuan" to describe the scenery of the water town where the water reflects the clear light. For example, "Lying on the camel bells near the river, with Yinchuan in the distance carrying He orchids", "The mountains are like rushing waves, and the Yellow River is as wide as a mile.
The city is as small as a boat, and Yinchuan is also outline", "Maybe Tianwu Liao For a small trial, we will temporarily move Loach Point to Yinchuan." Yinchuan in these poems has no clear place name meaning.
Yinchuan Phoenix Monument During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the word "Yinchuan" gradually took on the meaning of a place name referring to a region. For example, there is a record in the "Huinong Canal Stele" that "the Yellow River originates from Kunlun, passes through Yinchuan, and goes north from Shizuishan..." The Yinchuan in the inscription generally refers to the Yinchuan Plain where the Yellow River is irrigated.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Benzhi, the prefect of Ningxia, founded "Yinchuan Academy" in Fucheng (today's Yinchuan City), and Wang Yichen compiled "Yinchuan Xiaozhi". The scope of the word "Yinchuan" has become more specific and clear, and it has begun to take on the meaning of a place name, and has gradually become a synonym for the capital city of Ningxia.
In 1944, the provincial capital of Ningxia (today’s Yinchuan urban area) was changed to an organic city and officially named "Yinchuan". The place name is still in use today.
[2] Phoenix. 5. The origin of Yinchuan
There are many reasons why the city of Ningxia was named "Yinchuan". Its formation has a tortuous historical process.
The present-day Yinchuan area of ??Ningxia was formerly the territory of Lingzhou, Xingzhou and Shuofang. In history books, it was generally referred to as "Lingxia", "Yinxia", "Linxia" and "Yinlin" today. In Ningxia and northern Shaanxi, Ningxia has long been closely associated with the word "silver". This is because at least from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the northern Shaanxi region adjacent to present-day Shaanxi Province and present-day Ningxia has been called together in place names.
Especially during the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xiazhou was established in northern Shaanxi (governing Baichengzi Township in the northeast of today's Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province), and Yinzhou was established in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (in the east of Hengshan County in today's Shaanxi Province). ), and was renamed Yinchuan County in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xia Sui Yin You Jiedushi was also established in what is now northern Shaanxi.
During the Tang Dynasty, what is now northern Shaanxi became the center of the separatist power of the Tuoba clan of the Dangxiang Qiang ethnic group. In the Song Dynasty, northern Shaanxi became one of the main battlefields between the Song Dynasty and Xixia.
In the second year of Yongxi (985) in the Northern Song Dynasty, the city of Yinzhou (Yinchuan County) was captured by the Xixia army. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the Song army again attacked the former site of Yongle City (now Mi, Shaanxi Province). (Northwest of Zhi County) rebuilt a new city and named it "Yinchuan Village" or "Yinchuan City". The city's military status was very important and became a battleground in the military affairs of the Song and Xia Dynasties. Therefore, some historical books at that time and later referred to it as Ancient Xiazhou, ancient Yinzhou and ancient Yinchuan City were collectively called each other because of their connection. From then on, Yin and Xia were connected to each other and inseparable. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to express the nostalgia and elegance of the past, in the writings of some celebrities and officials, they sometimes used the term Xiazhou to refer to Ningxia, and at the same time they also used the term Yinzhou or Yinchuan. It is a metaphor for Xingzhou and later Ningxia City (today's Yinchuan City).
For example, the first sentence at the beginning of the article "Xixia Xingsheng Fu" written by Cao Lian, the deputy envoy of the Ming Dynasty, is "The great county of Yixia Prefecture". What is this "Xiazhou"? Judging from the title of the article, the so-called Xiazhou in the article refers to ancient Xixia, and also refers to the town of Ningxia in the modern era, because what is mentioned in the article is "heavy obstacles with rivers and canals", "water swirling around like a ringed Yong", "yingxing" "Guangwu", "Beautiful Gardens in Bloom", "Autumn Highs in Lingwu", "Clouds in Lishan", "Snow in Helan", "Spring Swells in Han Canal", and other places such as Huamachi, Mingsha Prefecture, Yingli Prefecture, Place names such as Pinglu City and King Hao's Tomb are all in Ningxia. It can be seen that this article uses Xiazhou to refer to Xingzhou, which is now Yinchuan City.
Another example is the article "Reconstruction of the Hedu Temple of the Sea" contained in "Yongji Zhi" of Shanxi Province. The donor Guo Zhicong mentioned was once the governor of Ningxia. The record describes this as: Guo Zhicong "opened Yinxia", apparently referring to Ningxia and Ningxia towns in the Ming Dynasty with "Yinxia".
Wang Chonggu, another governor of Ningxia in the Ming Dynasty, in his poem "Farewell to the Commander-in-Chief Rong Wu Xitai on a Journey to the North Wind", there is also the sentence "I have carried Jingshuo's silver on my shoulders for three years, and my heart has been exhausted in nine autumns", here "Shuoyin" is also used to refer to Ningxia in Mingjiang and Ningxia Town, an important town in Jiubian. Shuo obviously refers to the entire territory of Ningxia; Yin specifically refers to the town.
It seems that people in the Ming Dynasty were gradually using "Lingxia", "Yinxia", "Shuoyin" and "Yinlin" to refer to the large areas of ancient Xixia and Ningxia towns, and gradually to specific towns. The point-to-point transfer and shrinkage of the city (Ningxia City). At this time, the words "Yin" and "Xia" mentioned in poems and articles basically referred to the entire territory of Ningxia, and there was no clear meaning of place names.
Finally, in the late Ming Dynasty, Liu Minkuan, the trilateral governor who commanded the four major military towns in the northwest, brought the first breakthrough in a poem he wrote. In one of the "Four Poems of Yang Chupu Zhongcheng Fu Linliangbu Changcheng Pass in Autumn", he said: "The towers stand tall, the canopy ranges, the infinite Huayi trees are magnificent.
The misty haze follows the sword, slanting horizontally The star fights and the banners are in chaos. You must rely on Tuoling to reach the Hetao, and take Yinchuan to the Helan River. 1577) Jinshi. In the 43rd year of Wanli (1615), he was promoted from the governor of Yansui to the governor of the three borders of Shaanxi. He opened the Mansion of Guyuan (now Guyuan City, Ningxia) and controlled the military and military affairs of the four military towns of Yansui, Ningxia, Ganzhou and Guyuan. Unify the command of the war and defense military affairs in the northwest theaters.
This poem should be from Guyuan when he was the governor of the three sides, when he went to Huamachi (today's Yanchi County) to carry out the task of patrolling the border in autumn. The Great Wall is closed) looking westward at the Ningxia Town Defense Area at the foot of Helan Mountain. The "Yinchuan" mentioned in the poem is no longer a metaphor for ancient Yinzhou or ancient Yinchuan, but rather ancient Xingzhou and Ningxia towns, because the poem writes about the Hetao and appears at the same time as Helan Mountain, and the Great Wall or the Yellow River is described Just like two belts, they not only "tear" "Yinchuan" in the distance, but also "trace" "Helan".
So from the perspective of the poem and the overall poetic meaning, the "Yinchuan" in the poem really refers to the Yinchuan Plain or the town of Ningxia. It is not difficult to see that until the late Ming Dynasty, "Yinchuan" still did not refer to the town, so there was no situation where the town was named after "Yinchuan".
Even the literati’s favorite method of nostalgic naming of academies did not appear. At that time, the academies in the town were named Yangzheng, Kuiwen and Shuofang. After the Qing Dynasty, the situation became very different. People began to take a fancy to the word "Yinchuan", and it gradually became widely used in Ningxia. It slowly shrank from the Hexi Irrigation Area and was specifically positioned at a point in Ningxia City, and finally It has completely become an alias and nickname for this ancient city.
In the Qing Dynasty, Ningxia Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, and the prefectural city is now Yinchuan City. In historical documents, "Yinchuan" was used to refer to Fucheng for the first time in the 47th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1708). Wang Quanchen, Ningxia's water conservancy magistrate, wrote in his poem "Completion of the Reconstruction of the Han Canal Dark Cave": "The river flows in the Han and Tang Dynasties. Two drags and hundreds of dances to the rainbow.
The Tang Dynasty's Lai River stretches to the east of the Tang Dynasty... It has been said that the source of the river comes from the sky, and there are thousands of people in it. "To Yinchuan."
After Wang Quanchen, the first person to use "Yinchuan" to shoot Xia City was Tongzhi. He was the minister of the Ministry of War of the Qing Dynasty. In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign (1726), he was ordered to go to Ningxia to preside over the construction of chisels. Huinong and Changrun canals. In the seventh year (1729) when the canal was completed, he personally wrote the "Inscription of the Huinong Canal". The inscription begins with: "The Yellow River originates from Kunlun, accumulates stones, passes through Yinchuan, and goes north from the mouth of the stone..." < /p>
The monument should be erected when the canal was completed and water was released. It can be seen that the ancient city of Ningxia, known as "Yinchuan", really appeared during the Qingkang and Yongzhi periods. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1753), Zhao Benzhi, the prefect of Ningxia Prefecture, was in Fucheng (today's Yinzhou). 6. The history and culture of Ningxia
During the Han Dynasty, it belonged to the Shuofang History Department.
In the Western Han Dynasty, The Beidi County was moved to present-day Huan County, Gansu; Guyuan was established as Anding County; Ningxia was divided into Beidi County and Anding County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Anding County was moved to present-day Zhenyuan County, Gansu Province, and the Beidi County was moved to the southwest of Litong District, Wuzhong City. /p>
The Sixteen Kingdoms were the territory of the Great Xia Kingdom founded by Helian Bobo, the leader of the Xiongnu Iron Buddha Tribe. During the Northern Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, immigration continued to promote settlements and was effectively developed again. Ningxia was first called "Saibei Jiangnan".
In the Tang Dynasty, the entire territory of Ningxia belonged to the Guannai Road, and there were six states: Yuanzhou, Lingzhou, Xihuizhou, Anlezhou, Xiongzhou, and Jingzhou. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Tang Dynasty. The "Anshi Rebellion" broke out in the DPRK, and Prince Li Heng ascended the throne in Lingwu, Ningxia, as Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Ningxia area belonged to the Qinfeng Road. Later, northern Ningxia was occupied by Li Jiqian of the Dangxiang tribe. The Northern Song Dynasty only controlled the southern part of Ningxia, and the southern part of Ningxia belonged to the Jingyuan Road. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xixia Zhongxing and other roads were established in the hometown of Xixia Kingdom.
In the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), Ningxiafu Road was established, and Ningxia got its name from this. In the Ming Dynasty, a government was initially established in Ningxia, and later it was changed to a guard.
Ningxia Zuotunwei, Zhongtunwei, avant-garde, central defender and rear guard were added. Later, Ningxia Town and Guyuan Town were restructured. Nine defense zones were set up along the Great Wall, called Nine Towns. They were two of the most important border towns in the Ming Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), the Qing Dynasty established a governor in Ningxia, which was under the Chief Secretary of Shaanxi and subordinated to the garrison. Ningxia was at the quasi-provincial level. After retreating, it was changed to Ningxia Prefecture, with prefectures and counties under it, and belonged to Gansu. However, it was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the Ningxia General Army, and then added the Manchu General's Mansion in Ningxia, still maintaining the provincial structure.
The most famous local specialties in Ningxia are wolfberry, licorice, Helan stone, Tan sheep second-fur skin, etc. Because their colors are red, yellow, blue, and white, they are also called the "Four Treasures." Ningxia cuisine is mainly northwest pasta, with many specialties.
Due to developed agriculture, vegetables and fruits are more abundant than in Gansu, and rivers such as the Yellow River are distributed throughout the region. Beef and mutton are the main edible meats. There are large markets in every county where live sheep are slaughtered, so you can’t help but try various mutton dishes.
***Tradition is not close to tobacco and alcohol, so more traditional *** restaurants do not serve alcoholic beverages. However, people from the northwest are mostly drinkers, and the low-alcohol liquor and fruit wine produced there are pure in taste.
Extended information: Xia *** Autonomous Region, referred to as "Ning", is a provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China, with its capital Yinchuan. Located in the inland area of ??northwestern China, it borders Shaanxi to the east, Inner Mongolia to the west and north, and Gansu to the south.
On October 25, 1958, the Ningxia *** Autonomous Region was formally established. The autonomous region governs 2 cities, 1 district, and 17 counties: Yinchuan City, Wuzhong City, Zhongwei County, Zhongning County, Tongxin County, and Lingwu County, Yanchi County, Jinji County, Guyuan County, Xiji County, Haiyuan County, Longde County, Jingyuan County. As of the end of 2018, Ningxia *** Autonomous Region has jurisdiction over 5 prefecture-level cities, 11 counties, 2 county-level cities, and 9 municipal districts.