After The Valley of the Wind was released on 1984, it has achieved considerable success in both box office performance and movie level. So with the support of German bookstore, 1985 established Studio Ghibli. In the same year, Ghibli began to make City in the Sky. Since then, Studio Ghibli has become a studio dedicated to making animations for Miyazaki Hayao and Gog.
The name Ghibli actually refers to the hot air blowing in the Sahara desert. During World War II, Italian Air Force pilots also named their reconnaissance plane "Ghibli". Miyazaki Hayao is a flying robot freak, of course he knows about it, so he decided to use "Ghibli" as the name of their studio. Behind this name, there is another meaning, that is, I hope this studio can set off a whirlwind in the Japanese animation industry! !
Studio Ghibli is a very special group both in Japan and internationally. Because in principle, Studio Ghibli only produces animations adapted from the original works for cinema screening. Because the production of theatrical animation must take a considerable box office risk, so the general studio usually makes TV animation, although occasionally some theatrical animation is produced, but most of them are also adapted from famous TV animation. By the way, Japan produces more than 40 TV animations every week on average! ) Let's talk about the history of Ghibli.
Thirty years ago, two young men named Miyazaki Hayao and Gaucher met. At that time, they worked together in a studio called Dongying Animation. Originally, this studio only made movie animation, but under the influence of the trend of the times, they had no choice but to make a TV animation "Girls in the Alps", which was broadcast on 1974, produced by Miyazaki Hayao and directed by Gao Wei. This cartoon is very popular all over the world. However, while making this cartoon, Miyazaki Hayao and Gao Che gradually realized that there was no way to express their true pursuit through the TV version, which was an animation form with limited production time and cost. What they pursue is pure, high-quality animation, which can truly penetrate the hearts of the people and depict the joys and sorrows in people's lives. This belief was the fundamental driving force for them to establish "Studio Ghibli" after their success in the Valley of the Wind. Their ideal is to devote all their energy to each work and never compromise on limited time and budget at the expense of quality. Each work will be produced and directed by Miyazaki Hayao and Gao Che, and all instructions will be given by the director, whose decision has the highest priority. Studio Ghibli has been adhering to this concept for ten years, which can be said to be the result of joint efforts with two outstanding directors Gao Ge and the entire studio staff.
Members of Studio Ghibli never thought that this studio would survive to this day. "We make a movie, and if it succeeds, we will make the next one. If it fails, then this studio will end its life. " Ghibli members set out with this mentality from the beginning. In order to minimize the risk, they didn't hire half a full-time employee. When making a movie, they will recruit about 70 people to form a group, and the group will be dissolved automatically after the movie is finished. The place where they work is only the first floor of a house in the suburbs of Tokyo, and it is rented. All management decisions were made by Gao Che. Under his good management, Studio Ghibli successfully completed the production of "City of the Sky" released by 1986, which successfully attracted 780,000 people to the cinema and won high praise.
Studio Ghibli's next two films are My Neighbor Totoro and Tomb of Fireflies, which are directed by Miyazaki Hayao and Gog respectively. At that time, two films were made at the same time, and the whole production process was a mess. Amazingly, even if two films are made at the same time, the quality shows no signs of decline, which is almost impossible! ! But Ghibli did it, and their policy was to put the production of good movies first, followed by the operation and growth of the company. This is the difference between Ghibli and other studios. Without such a policy, it is impossible to make these two films.
Speaking of the history of Studio Ghibli, I have to mention one person. He is Yasuyoshi Tokuma, the president of Ghibli. At the same time, he is also the president of Dejian Bookstore. In addition to the distribution business, he also participated in some company development and other affairs. In addition, he also owns a film studio called Daiei, which has always been famous for making movies by the great director Kenji Gou.
Yasuyoshi Tokuma seldom comes to Ghibli's studio, because he hopes that Studio Ghibli can develop freely and make decisions freely in principle. But when needed, he always stands on the front line to help. It was his decision to put Miyazaki Hayao's cartoon "Valley of the Wind" on the screen, and at the same time, Studio Ghibli was founded by him.
In order to publish My Neighbor Totoro and Tomb of Fireflies, Studio Ghibli encountered many difficulties. Because these two films are quite boring compared with their previous films. At that time, Yasuyoshi Tokuma himself rushed between publishers at the expense of travel-stained, desperately striving for the release and distribution opportunities of these two films. Finally, with his efforts, he finally persuaded the film dealer. Without his hard work and dedication, Studio Ghibli would not exist now.
My Neighbor Totoro and Tomb of the Firefly didn't perform as expected at the box office, probably because they missed the release time, that is to say, the two films were not released during the summer vacation. But their excellent quality has won unanimous appreciation from all walks of life. That year, My Neighbor Totoro arranged almost all Japanese film awards, even the best cinematography award. The tomb of fireflies is known as "real art". Through these two films, Studio Ghibli became very famous in the Japanese film industry. In addition, My Neighbor Totoro also brought Ghibli unexpected gains-Totoro dolls are very popular. Why is it "unexpected"? Because the Totoro Muppets have been on the market for almost two years, and they didn't create Totoro to improve the box office. In fact, a puppet maker took a fancy to My Neighbor Totoro and thought it was a pity that this "character" didn't make a puppet, so he begged Studio Ghibli to let him make a puppet.
In a word, thanks to the sales performance of My Neighbor Totoro products, Studio Ghibli can slowly make up for the larger deficit caused by production costs. My Neighbor Totoro is also regarded by Ghibli as the symbol of the studio. At present, Ghibli is planning to set up a department to sell goods around movie characters. Of course, Ghibli's policy is still to make movies as the top priority, and the income from surrounding commodities is only an extra achievement. Ghibli has never (and will never) changed any part of the film in order to consider the value of the goods around it.
Ok, let's talk about the history of Ghibli again.
Ghibli's first film with excellent box office was The Witch Gang directed by Miyazaki Hayao in 1989. The Witch's Housekeeping Assistant attracted about 264 million viewers and became the highest-grossing movie in Japan. This film has brought in more revenue and box office than any film made by Studio Ghibli before. However, behind this great success, Ghibli encountered another problem: how should Ghibli actually operate better? Especially in the employment relationship, personnel recruitment, studio development and other aspects, are all issues that need to be considered. In the Japanese animation film industry, employees' wages are generally calculated according to the number of paintings, which is also the calculation method for Ghibli to pay employees' wages. However, the wages of the working group of the "Wujiabang" are seriously low, almost half of the average wage in Japan. Therefore, Miyazaki Hayao made two suggestions:
1. Change to full-time employment system and fixed salary system, and the salary of the working group will double.
2. Recruit new employees regularly and strengthen the training system.
Although Studio Ghibli's economic situation has improved, the Japanese animation industry was depressed at that time. Therefore, in order to maintain the production level in such an environment, Miyazaki Hayao believes that Ghibli needs a fixed work headquarters to establish a stable organizational system, realize the ideal of full-time employee system, and carry out employee training and expansion plans at the same time. Therefore, it can be said that Ghibli's business strategy has undergone great changes. Since then,
Ghibli entered the second period.
After The House of Witches, Ghibli's next work is Fairy Tales of Years (also translated as Bits and Bits of Memories), directed by Gao Song. At the same time of film production, 1990 1 1 month, the full-time system was implemented, and Ghibli began to implement animation training courses, and the system of recruiting new employees every year was also realized.
The movie Fairy Tales of Those Years 199 1 was released, which also set an excellent box office. Like The Witch's Housemaid, it became the most popular movie of the year. However, what makes us most happy is that Miyazaki Hayao's two suggestions have come true: double pay and regular recruitment of new employees. However, when these two schemes were put into practice, another new problem appeared: the sharp increase of film production cost. This is the result that Ghibli had expected. Since 80% of the cost of animation comes from manpower, the result of doubling wages will of course greatly increase the cost.
So in this period, Ghibli's new policy is to make more efforts in advertising, hoping to improve the box office. If the increase in production costs is inevitable, the only solution is to increase the box office by strategic means. It's not that Studio Ghibli hadn't thought about this problem before. It was only after The Fairy Tale of Years that they really thought of making efforts in advertising.
Around that time, the CEO of Ghibli pointed out the "3Hs" situation in Studio Ghibli. "3Hs" means "high cost", "high quality" and "high return". In order to make the highest quality film, it needs to invest a lot of production costs. At the same time, although there are high risks, it is very rewarding. This probably means "3Hs". Four years later, Ghibli still maintains this principle. However, although the salary is high, it is all invested in the production of the next film, so Ghibli is still poor.
The significance of hiring full-time employees is that Ghibli must pay employees every month. Ghibli's response to this situation is to keep a state of continuous work, that is, to keep making new movies, which has now become Ghibli's fate. Therefore, Studio Ghibli had to start the production of "Red Pig" before the production of "Fairy Tales of Those Years" was completed! For the first time, Ghibli encountered such a situation that the production time of two films overlapped. At that time, "Fairy Tales of the Years" was drawing to a close and the busiest stage. Ghibli can't transfer people to produce red pigs at this unusual time. As a result, at the early stage of red pig production, poor Miyazaki Hayao had to work alone. Of course, Miyazaki Hayao was very unhappy. "What? You mean I have to be the producer, director and all the supporting roles by myself? ……"
Despite his pleading, the cruel Ghibli still ...
After Miyazaki Hayao took the job of Red Pig, he didn't know whether it was to relieve the pressure or what, but he made a suggestion: "Hey! Let's build a new studio! " This is Miyazaki Hayao's consistent way: when encountering a problem, create a bigger problem as a solution! ! However, Miyazaki Hayao has a good reason: "If Ghibli wants to attract the best talents, a rented office is too shabby!" So, Studio Ghibli's new home finally began to be built!
Miyazaki Hayao was a genius that year. While making "Red Pig", he also drew the blueprint of the new studio himself, and personally contacted the builder to ask the studio to be as close as possible to his ideal appearance after completion. A year later, Red Pig and the new studio were completed almost at the same time. As soon as the red pig was released, Ghibli moved to a new home happily!
The new studio has three floors, and the most special part of the whole building is probably the lounge. Although Ghibli has only half as many female employees as male employees, the girls' lounge is twice as big as the boys' and has better facilities. Perhaps this is our great architect Miyazaki Hayao, expressing his support for feminism! In addition, there are many green spaces in the new studio, and the parking spaces are deliberately made smaller by Miyazaki Hayao ... Oh.
Back to the point. 1992 Summer, "Red Pig" was released and became the best box office movie of the year. Even Steven Spielberg's Captain Hook and Disney's Beauty and the Beast are no rivals.
1993, Ghibli bought two large computerized cameras, and set up the photography department that Ghibli longed for for for a long time. After adding this department, Ghibli finally grew into a studio with animation department, art department, description/painting department and photography department. This is completely opposite to the development direction of Japanese animation industry, which generally emphasizes that the division of labor should be extremely fine. Ghibli takes the opposite development direction because they feel that it is very important to work hard for the same goal under one roof and achieve high-quality works.
1993, Ghibli produced their first TV animation-Hear the Sound of the Waves. The director was Tomomi Mochizuki at the age of 34. Besides Miyazaki Hayao and Gaucher, he was the first director who directed films with Ghibli. The production team of this film is very young, and most of them are composed of people in their twenties and thirties. Their working creed is "fast, cheap and high-quality production".
This 70-minute TV special program has achieved satisfactory results, but it has exceeded the planned expectations in terms of budget and production time. Therefore, television is an area that Ghibli still needs to develop in the future.
[Edit this paragraph] Brief introduction of Ghibli III
1994, The Battle of Cats in the Black City directed by Gao Che also became the first Japanese-made film of the year. In this animation, most of the animation parts were completed by young members who joined Ghibli after Fairy Tales of the Years and matured in Ghibli. They also made great efforts for the film The Battle of the Flat Beaver. In The Battle of Ping and Cats, Ghibli first used computer graphics (CG). Although only three cuts did not use CG, more will be used if necessary in the future.
Ghibli now has 99 members: animation 46, description/painting 8, art 12, photography 4, director and production 12, publishing and marketing 5, management 12. As these figures show, most of Ghibli's staff are responsible for animation. The average age of all active members is 29 years old.
As mentioned above, Ghibli's film production cost may be higher than other studios. But judging from Ghibli's organizational structure, most of the funds are spent on movies. This is what makes Ghibli special. Ghibli can do this because it spends much less on supporting various departments than other companies.
In Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, he thinks that Japan should create what they want Japanese children to see. Therefore, Ghibli, who follows Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, has never asked for any help from studios in other overseas countries. Now let's talk about Ghibli's activities abroad! !
So far, Ghibli's works are mainly distributed in Asia, namely Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province. This situation gradually changed about two years ago. The first is the release of My Neighbor Totoro in the United States. Soon, FOSS obtained the distribution rights of the home video of My Totoro Neighbor, and the sales volume reached 560,000 volumes. In the American film industry, it is remarkable that Japanese films can achieve such results. In addition, the Battle of Kazuo Hirai was selected to represent Japan in the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film!
As you may know, "Red Pig" is shown in more than 60 cinemas in France, and the famous actor Jane Reynolds is responsible for matching Bogo. In fact, Miyazaki Hayao himself happens to be a fan of Jane Reynolds, and he likes the role of Anceaux Enzo played by Jane Reynolds in Big Blue. So, of course, Miyazaki Hayao is very happy that Jane Reno can participate in Red Pig.
Ghibli hopes to spread its works to Europe and North America in the future. As long as it is constructive and reasonable, they are willing to adopt it. As an animator, Ghibli will be very happy to let more audiences enjoy his films and bring happiness to everyone, regardless of the race and nationality of the audience. However, in order to distribute his works abroad, Ghibli also encountered many difficulties. Many suggestions they received just wanted to record the film as a home video or just play it on TV. However, Ghibli hopes that their films can be shown in theaters first. After all, movies were originally made for showing in cinemas.
Of course, Ghibli will never allow anyone to modify his own works. Unfortunately, however, due to their lack of experience and thinking, when The Valley of the Wind was produced, someone changed it to a shorter version and then released it in the United States and other regions under the name of Warrior of the Wind. If you have read this book, Ghibli suggests you forget it!
Another point that needs to be emphasized is that Ghibli has never (and will never) made a film suitable for multinational markets for the sake of the market. Ghibli will maintain its consistent style and simply make movies for Japanese audiences. If circumstances permit, they will develop in other countries.
1In the summer of 995, Ghibli tried a new production group combination. Miyazaki Hayao is responsible for producing, writing and drawing mirror images, while given Kant, who was an animation director in Tomb of Fireflies, Helper of Wizards' House and Fairy Tales of the Years, challenged for the post of director. In addition, Ghibli also tried to add the latest digital technology to all parts of the film. After The Fairy Tale of the Years was completed, Ghibli began to make their eleventh film, The Ghost Princess, which was released in 1997. This film directed by Miyazaki Hayao will apply a lot of computer technology, which is a great challenge for Ghibli. In order to meet this new challenge, Ghibli set up a special CG team and purchased all the equipment needed for CG. At the same time, they also invited a CG director of Japanese TV network to join the production team of Princess Ghost, who had previously participated in the production of The Battle of Heiping Beaver.
In the first year of film production alone, Ghibli invested 1 100 million yen in the update system. The computer technology that performed well in Valley of the Wind will be widely used in Princess Ghost. Computer technology will make the original 2D plane image deeper (depth of field ...).
1In April, 995, Ghibli founded the Jingjing Animation Institute in the Eastern Suburb (Xiaojinjing is the town where Ghibli is located), hoping to tap and train more new directors like Kondo. The headmaster of the school is Gao Che. No one can guarantee that Studio Ghibli will continue to develop smoothly. Ghibli has never forgotten that every movie is a new challenge for them. The continuous innovation in quality, technology and personnel training is the reason for the existence of Studio Ghibli.
1995, another important work of Ghibli was Miyazaki Hayao's comments on Chuck and Bird (CHAGE &; ASKA's new song "Take your positions" produced this Music Movie, which lasted more than six minutes and was played in "Super 3". The work is full of flying scenes, especially the scene of a girl gliding into the sky from a Mercedes-Benz, which makes her feel relieved when listening to relaxed music. I believe that the production cost of a six-minute musical film is not low. The magnificent artificial underground science fiction world and the endless grassland on the surface will definitely make the audience dumbfounded. Moreover, it must be very attractive to make a long drama based on the inferred story. Regrettably, we have not seen a relatively complete version of this story so far.
Princess Ghost is Ghibli's 1 1 film. This film directed by Miyazaki Hayao uses a lot of computer technology, which is a great challenge for Ghibli. In order to meet this challenge, Ghibli set up a special CG team and spent 1 100 million yen to buy all the equipment needed for CG. At the same time, they also invited toshio suzuki, CG director of Japanese TV Network, to join the film production team, and Suzuki had previously participated in the production of "Magic Civet Cat". The application of computer technology makes the original 2D plane image more profound. From 1980, Miyazaki Hayao began to plan a film about "The Story of Girls' Love", which was finally put into production in 1995. It took two years, with a total cost of1350,000 and a total cost of 2 billion yen. "Princess Ghost" was released on1July, 1997, and was released on 184 days in February of the following year, with a box office income of17.9 billion yen, with an average "daily income". The national audience reached 30 million. The theme song was composed by Joe Hisaishi, written by Miyazaki Hayao and sung by Yoshikazu Mela. During the year, 383,000 single albums of the same name were released, and numerous other peripheral products were produced, which also drove the sales of animation videos of My Neighbor Totoro, Valley of the Wind, Listen to Your Ear, On Your Mark and other previous works into the top six of the year. The film became the first blockbuster in Japan at that time, and Ghibli once again rewritten history.
After the film was released, Miyazaki Hayao announced his retirement because of overwork. 1998 Disney bought out Ghibli's overseas copyright, and Princess Ghost was released in American and European markets.
My neighbor's Yamada Jun is the work of Takada Hiroshi 1999. It abandons Ghibli's transparent animation and tries to draw sketches with pencil lines and watercolor tones. In order to achieve this effect, they used digital technology instead of traditional techniques. This is the first painting and animation work that Ghibli completed completely on the computer.
Spirited Away is the comeback work of Miyazaki Hayao, the master, and the peak work of Ghibli so far. After its premiere on July 20th, 200/kloc-0, it became the highest-grossing movie in Japanese history. Just like Miyazaki Hayao's previous films, this film also warns the world with a fairy tale. Chihiro, the hero, finally regained her "vitality" because she understood that "let herself find her original self", which is undoubtedly advice to modern Japanese. The long-term depression after the bankruptcy of the bubble economy, the difficulty of the reform of the old social system, and the strong distrust of the government cabinet by the people are all worries of adults; In the children's world, school spirit is corrupt, school violence is constant, and juvenile delinquency is a common darkness. Finding a key to open the door of light is a problem that every Japanese is considering. In this story, Chihiro finally inspired all the potential in his body and successfully completed his own adventure. Mr Miyazaki Hayao told this story to the whole Japanese society from the perspective of children. In Miyazaki Hayao's philosophy, he thinks that Japan should create what they want Japanese children to see.
[Edit this paragraph] The address of Studio Ghibli.
Studio Ghibli
1-4-25, Kano-CHO
Xiaojinjing City, 184
Japan
[Edit this paragraph] Studio Ghibli's works
1986, lapda-a castle in the air (directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
1988, Tomb of Fireflies (directed by Gao Tut)
1988 My Neighbor Totoro (directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
1989, witch door-to-door service (Kiki delivery service director: Miyazaki Hayao)
199 1 year, the fairy tale of the years (directed by Gao tut only yesterday)
1992, Red Pig (directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
1993, I heard the sound of waves (directed by Tomomi Mochizuki).
1994 Battle of Civet Cats in Black City (Pom Boco, also known as "Amazing Civet Cats", directed by Gao Qi)
1995, give ear to listen (whisper of the heart director: given Condor)
1995, take your positions (MTV band: Chage &; ASKA Director: Miyazaki Hayao)
1997, The Ghost Princess (directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
1999, my neighbor Jun Yamada (directed by my neighbor Yamada: Gao Tut)
200 1 Spirited Away (directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
2002 Thanksgiving of Cats (The Return of Cats: Hiroyuki Morita)
In 2004, Hal's mobile castle (Hal's mobile castle director: Miyazaki Hayao)
In 2007, Goro Miyazaki directed The Legend of Earthsea (also known as The Battle of Kagawa).
In 2008, Jin Yuji on the cliff (Ponyo on the cliff, also known as goldfish princess on the cliff, directed by Miyazaki Hayao)
Some photos of Studio Ghibli/Miyazaki Hayao. htm
/ghibliandmiyazaki/santrip.htm，ghibliandmiyazaki，Ghibliandmiyazaki。
Sanyingsen Art Museum Photo Gallery /ghiblinmiyazaki/insan. htm