Ping Sheng and De Sheng of the Pinyin Huashan
Lu Youren's "Yanbei Magazine" said in the second volume: "It is said in the Huashan Monument that Taihuashan people should use less yin to make things happen, so everything was born in China, so it is called Huashan. However, it is not suitable to go to the sound. " According to the nineteen words in Notes on Water Classics: "From a distance, it looks like China, hence the name Huashan." Lu can prove this. The word "Hua" in "Huashan" in Du Xunhe's poems means to read a flat voice; For example, "Fei Tomb" said, "I don't know how high it is, but it is Jiuhua Mountain", and "Send it to Li Mingfu" said, "Just draw six silks for Jiuhua Mountain." However, few people dare to use it as a flat voice today. Lu cited Tang Xuanzong's words in the preface to the inscription of Mount Jiuhua in Xiyue, and Zhang only made an inscription.
-quoted from Qian Zhongshu's "Talking about Art Record", "Attached to say two sentences of Huashan dialect"
Ban Gu's White Tiger in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Xiyue is Huashan, and Hua is also a word." It is said that everything gives birth to China, hence the name Huashan. "Then" Hua "seems to be pronounced. Get ready.
To the west of Huashan Mountain is Zhong Nanshan Mountain, and Happy Valley, the hometown of Zhong Kui, is the hometown of Zhong Kui, a saint of Fuzhen Town in Tang Dynasty. [Edit this paragraph] Introduction Huashan Mountain is one of the famous five mountains in China, with an altitude of 2 154.9 meters, ranking first among the five mountains. It is located in Huayin County, Weinan City, 65,438+020 kilometers east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. It is bordered by the magnanimous Weihe Plain and the roaring Yellow River in the north and the Qinling Mountains in the south. It is a granite mountain on the north side of the watershed ridge of Qinling branch. With the change of nature, Huashan Mountain is vividly depicted as a national scenic spot.
Huashan Mountain is not only majestic and steep, but also steep, with towering walls and beautiful peaks. It is the most dangerous mountain in the world. Since ancient times, it has been said that "Huashan is the best in the world" and "the best mountain in the world". Because of this, Huashan Mountain has attracted countless brave people for many years. Adventure can inspire people's courage and wisdom and make people feel the magnificence of the motherland's mountains and rivers.
Huashan Mountain has long been recorded in China's ancient books. The earliest ancient book about Huashan is said to be Shangshu Gong Yu, but at first Huashan was called Wuji Mountain, and Huashan was called Xiyue Mountain and Dongyue Mount Tai, which was first seen in the book Erya Shishan. Xiyue is called "Xiyue" because Zhou Pingwang moved to Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Huashan is to the west of the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Later, Xianyang, Qin Dou and Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, were both located to the west of Huashan, so Huashan was no longer called "Xiyue". It was not until Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, established the Eastern Han regime in Luoyang that Huashan regained the title of "Xiyue" and has been in use ever since.
Because Huashan Mountain is too dangerous, few people boarded it before the Tang Dynasty. Kings of past dynasties offered sacrifices to Xiyue, and all held ceremonies at Xiyue Temple at the foot of the mountain. According to the Book of History, Huashan is "the place where Emperor Xuanyuan meets the immortals". According to Records of the Historian, both the Yellow Emperor and Yu Shun went hunting in Huashan Mountain. According to records, Zhao Haoqi of Qin ordered craftsmen to climb Huashan Mountain with hooks and ladders. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was no road to the peak of Huashan Mountain. Until the Tang Dynasty, with the prosperity of Taoism, Taoists began to build temples on the mountains, and gradually dug a dangerous road along the valley on the northern slope, forming the "road of ancient Huashan".
Huashan Mountain has attracted countless tourists for its precipitousness. The scenery, courtyards and pavilions on the mountain are all built according to the mountain situation. A mountain flies like a castle in the air, which is unique to Gu Song. The peaks are beautiful and have different images, such as Han Xiangzi herding cattle, the golden toad killing turtles, and the white snake causing trouble. Gu Dao gurgling water, mountain streams and waterfalls are even more interesting. Huashan is still standing in the Weihe Plain. The three peaks in the east, south and west rise again and again like knives. Zhang Qiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "Who will cut Yongfeng according to the heavenly sword?" They are all aimed at the straightness of Huashan Mountain. The Weihe Plain at the foot of Huashan Mountain is only 330-400 meters above sea level, while Huashan Mountain is 2 154.9 meters above sea level, and the height difference exceeds 1700 meters. The mountain is magnificent and more upright. [Edit this paragraph] There are different opinions about the origin of the name Huashan. Generally speaking, it is inseparable from the lotus-like Huashan Mountain. In ancient times, "flower" and "flower" were common, as Zhu said: it looks like a flower from a distance, hence the name. One of the five mountains in China, a famous mountain in Shaanxi Province. Located in Huayin County, it belongs to the east of Qinling Mountains. Tongguan in the east, Chang 'an in the west, Qinling in the south and Huang Wei in the north. It was called Taihua Mountain in ancient times, also known as Xiyue Huashan. It consists of five peaks: China (Jade Girl), East (Chaoyang), West (Lotus), South (Wild Goose) and North (Dark Cloud). From a distance, the main peak looks like a gold ingot and a lotus flower, surrounded by several hills. There is also an inverted lotus petal stone in front of Cui Yun Palace in Xifeng, named "Huashan", which is also called "Huashan" because of its proximity to the Yellow River, the birthplace of China, and the accent of people. As a whole, it is a granite fault-block mountain, with the highest peak 2 157.9M above sea level. The steep Qifeng cliff overlooks the Weihe Plain and has been a tourist attraction since ancient times. Many places in Huashan are mountainous terrain and climate, and the joints in the landscape direction are concentrated, forming gullies. Huge rocks are piled up in the valley, and the famous "fish stone" is the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty (1662? 6? 5 1722). The large fault on the northern slope of Huashan Mountain is still active recently. 1556 The Huaxian earthquake reached 8 on the Richter scale. [Edit this paragraph] The east wind is 2096.2 meters above sea level, and it is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, named after its location in the east. There is a platform on the top of the mountain, which is dangerous and has a wide view. It is a famous place to watch the sunrise, called Chaoyang Terrace, and the east wind is also called Chaoyang Peak.
The East Peak consists of four peaks, with one master and three servants, with Chaoyang Tower as the highest peak, Jade Girl Mountain in the west, Shilou Peak in the east and Taibo in the south. The guests and friends are orderly and show their merits. The ancients called Huashan three peaks, referring to the east, west and south peaks, and Yunv Mountain is an integral part of the east wind. Today, people call Yunv Mountain the middle peak, which makes it exist alone as the main peak of Huashan Mountain.
In ancient times, it was said that the road to climb Dongfeng was full of dangers. "Three Stories" records that a hill is like a cut slope, tens of feet high, with only a few feet cut on it, and there are no branches and vines on both sides to climb. Only when people reach the top can they reach the top with their feet and hands. Today, several climbing steps are opened and widened, and tourists can arrive safely.
The East Peak is all Qiao Song, which is shaded by the sun and the environment is very quiet. Visitors walk through the pine forest, and there are groups of talented people under the shade, such as umbrellas, and pines in their ears, such as chanting, which is refreshing. Lv Wang, a painter and calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, talked about his own experience in The Story of the East Peak, saying: The tall cypress trees shade the peak, the stone paths under the trees are refreshing and quiet, the wind blows through the forest, and the surging pines add a musical charm. Its rhythm is like blowing bamboo and knocking stones. Well done!
There are dozens of landscapes in the east wind, and there are natural stone patterns on the cliff on the side of Dongshilou Peak, like huge handprints. This is Kazuki Watanabe musician's Zhang Xian, who is listed as the first of the eight scenic spots in Guanzhong, and the story of the giant spirit god opening a mountain to draw water from it. There is Yanggong Pagoda in Chaoyang District, opposite to Yanggong Pagoda in Xifeng. It was built by General Yang Hucheng, and the tower has the words "Vientiane Rosen" inscribed by General Yang Hucheng. In addition, Dongfeng also has Qinglong Lake, Ganluchi, Sanmao Cave, Qingxu Cave, Bajing Palace and Taiji Dongyuanmen. Unfortunately, some landscapes have been abandoned because of age or natural and man-made disasters, leaving only ruins. After the 1980s, the Dongfeng landscape gradually recovered. Dangerous roads were repaired and reinforced, and pavilions were rebuilt. A two-story wooden pavilion, Dongfeng Hotel, was re-erected on the old site of Bajing Palace, which was destroyed by fire in 1953. [Edit this paragraph] Nanfeng Nanfeng is 2 154.9 meters above sea level, which is the highest main peak in Huashan Mountain and the highest peak in Wuyue Mountain. The ancients respectfully called it "the head of Huashan Mountain". Climbing to the south peak, I feel that the sky is close at hand and the stars can be picked. Looking around, we can see the rolling mountains, the vastness of the Yellow River and the vastness of the desert plain, which makes people really appreciate the majestic momentum of Huashan Mountain and enjoy the magical interest of being close to heaven and walking around.
On the south side of the summit is a steep cliff, standing like a knife, facing deep faults and isolated from Sangong Mountain and three san. Nanfeng consists of one peak and two peaks, one in the east is called Song Qifeng, and the other in the west is called Luo Yanfeng. It is said that Nanfeng consists of three peaks, including Xiaozi Peak to the west of Luoyan Peak. In this way, the Wild Goose Peak is the highest, the Pine Castanopsis peak is in the east, and the filial son peak is in the west. The overall image is an round-backed chair, and the three peaks are like a giant sitting facing south. Yuan Hongdao, an Amin, described Nanfeng's image in Huashan Ji, saying, "If a man sits in danger, he will lead him to his knees."
The origin of the name "Wild Goose Peak" is said to be that the returning geese often fall and rest here. The highest point of the summit is the top of Huashan Mountain, and climbers are proud to be able to reach it. Scholars of past dynasties often express their lofty sentiments and write poems here, so there are many poems and songs left for future generations. The inscriptions on the cliffs at the summit are even more dazzling and can be seen everywhere. Feng Zhi recorded in Yunxian Miscellanies that Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, climbed Nanfeng and sighed, "This mountain is the highest, and the breath can feel the Emperor of Heaven. I wish I hadn't brought Xie Tiao's amazing words of scratching my head and asking for heaven. " Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Only the sky is above, and there is no mountain and peace. Raise your head, the sun is near, lower your head, the white clouds are low. There are many landscapes around Luoyanfeng, with Yangtianchi and Black Dragon Pool at the highest point, Anyu Zhenren niche and welcoming pine on the southwest cliff.
The peak of pine and cypress is slightly lower than the peak of wild goose, but the area of wild goose is larger. The peak of Qiao Songju blocks the sun, so it is called Songju Peak. Wang Hong, a famous Confucian in Huayin, wrote that Song Bingfeng was the master of Nanfeng. Bai Di Temple, also known as Jintian Palace, built on the top of the mountain, is the main temple of Shao Hao, the God of Huashan Mountain. Because the roof of the main hall in the temple is covered with iron tiles, some people call it the iron tile hall. There are many landscapes around Song Qi, including Baguachi, Nantianmen, Yuanchaodong, aerial plank road, Quanzhen Rock, Bizhao Rock, Eagle Wing Stone and Yanggong Pavilion.
There are many poems about the southern peak of Huashan Mountain in the past dynasties. Lv Wang, a painter in the Ming Dynasty, wrote the poem "Southern Peak":
Scratching the sky, I left Li Chenxian.
Return to greed and fly to the highest peak.
Angry spit HarmonyOS system, God surpasses Tai Chi first.
How did Mao Long borrow it to the edge of Wucheng? [Edit this paragraph] Xifeng Xifeng is 2082.6 meters above sea level, one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, named after its location in the west. Because there are huge stones shaped like lotus petals on the peak, ancient scholars often call them Lotus Peak and Furong Peak. Yuan Hongdao described in his "Huashan on Sword": "The stone leaf cover is cracked horizontally"; Xu Xiake's Diary of You Tai Hua Shan also describes: "The stone rises on the peak and is covered with stone pieces, such as lotus." There is a phrase in Li Bai's poem that "a lotus flower is made of stone", which should also refer to this stone.
Xifeng is a complete boulder, which is natural. The cliffs in the northwest are as high as thousands of feet, like knives and saws. Its steep, majestic and masculine posture is the representative of Huashan Mountain, so the ancients often called Huashan Lotus Mountain.
Dengxi Peak is far away, the mountains are continuous, the clouds are lingering, Zhou Ye screens are open, and Huang Wei winds. When you enter the celestial world, all kinds of vulgar ideas will be swept away. Chen Tuan, a hermit in the Song Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in his poem ode to the west wind: "Send a message to avoid visitors, this is a fairy town".
The south cliff of Xifeng and Nanfeng are connected by a ridge, which is more than 300 meters long and pale in stone. It looks like a shrinking dragon. People call it Quling, also known as Xiaoheiling, which is one of the famous dangerous roads in Huashan.
There are many scenic spots on Xifeng Mountain, including Cui Yun Palace, Lotus Cave, a man's feet, an axe and a stone, and the Snake Cliff. , accompanied by many beautiful myths and legends, among which the story of saving the mother by cutting the mountain with agarwood is the most widely spread. Cliff carvings are everywhere on the peak, and there are many kinds of works, including grass and seals. The top of the mountain in the north is called Xishilou Peak. The Yang Gong Pagoda on the top of the mountain was built by General Yang Hucheng, and it has an inscription by General Yang Hucheng. There is an inscription on the rock under the tower, written by calligrapher Wang Duo.
Huashan traffic
Aviation: Huashan is 38km away from Xi Xianyang International Airport10, and the expressway takes about 1.5 hours to reach Huashan.
Train: You can get off at Huashan Station by train from all stations in China, and then take a taxi (15-20 yuan) or bus (3 yuan) to Huashan Scenic Area. Pay special attention not to promise the driver of Huashan Railway Station easily. I have only been there once. There is a large group of non-taxi drivers around the entrance of Huashan Railway Station. Their sphere of influence is too big for the traffic police to stop, so you must not promise anything. When you take a taxi, you must make it clear that you are going to the ticket office of Huashan Yuquanyuan, or I will kill you! If it is the east gate when Huashan gets off, take the bus to Panshan Highway and then take a taxi back to the railway station (Huashan East Station), which requires 10 yuan. Don't take the bus to the tourist center, the price is too high, but go to 50 yuan. In fact, you can take a bus directly from Yuquanyuan, where there is also a railway station (Huashan West Station). It's close, and you can get there on foot.
Car: You can take a bus from Xi 'an to Chengdong Bus Terminal (light industry market, 30 yuan, every 30 minutes); Or take a tourist bus in the train station square (22 yuan); Or take a bus at the bus stop in the square in front of the station (the cost is about 30 yuan). It takes about 2 hours from Xi 'an to Huashan 120 km.
Cableway: In Huangfu Valley, 2 kilometers east of Yuquanyuan, there is a 7.6-kilometer-long cement road into the mountain. Take the scenic bus to Wamiaogou, from where you can take the cableway directly to Beifeng, which takes only seven or eight minutes. Shuttle fare one way 10 yuan to 20 yuan; One-way cableway to 60 yuan, round trip 1 10 yuan.
Hiking: From Yuquan source, you can go to Beifeng via Huixin Stone, thousands of feet Mansion, Bai Chi Gorge and Laojun Ligou. From the south of Beifeng, you can go to the east, middle, south and west peaks via "Xier Cliff", "Heilongling" and Jinsuo Pass respectively. For example, it usually takes 24 hours to travel around the five peaks on foot, and it takes 5 ~ 6 hours to reach the summit by cable car. If tourists want to watch the sunrise in Dongfeng Sunwatch, they need to leave at night and walk for 4-6 hours, just in time for the sunrise at the top of the mountain.
To get to Xiyue Temple, you can take bus (2 yuan) or take a taxi (10 yuan) at the intersection of 3 10 National Road from Huashan Yuquanyuan.
go shopping
On Huashan Mountain, many locals set up stalls along the way to sell some straw-woven products and folk paper-cut products with strong Shaanxi customs, but it should be noted that it is best not to compete for the price when buying. There are many small shops at the foot of Huashan Mountain. In addition to the above items, there are trekking poles and flashlights for rent.
Huashan paper-cut
Paper-cutting is an art form for working people to express their feelings about life. More common in windows, curtains, ceilings, kang wai and other residential buildings. It is also used in ceramics, embroidery, printing and dyeing. Its style is bright and simple, and its technique is exaggerated and simple. Huashan paper-cut has different styles due to different regions, some are beautiful, some are concise, some are gentle and healthy, and some are rough and Gu Zhuo, showing rich artistic images.
Huashan shadow play
Huashan shadow play is a traditional and ancient form of traditional Chinese opera plastic arts. It uses high-quality cowhide as raw material, and creates vivid, lifelike and colorful artistic images through processes such as leather making, drawing, carving, painting, ironing and synthesis. Its themes are mostly traditional opera figures and Huashan myths and legends.
Huashan embroidery
Embroidery is an artistic form that combines practicality and aesthetics. Through the matching of lines and colors, vivid flowers, birds, insects, fish and opera figures are created on daily necessities such as curtains, door curtains, insoles and saddles, which pin the joys and sorrows of working people and their yearning for a better life. The style of the work is famous for its rough and bold style and colorful style.
Matters needing attention in Huashan tourism
Huashan is windy and humid in summer. Before climbing the mountain, it is best to prepare some warm clothes (even in summer) and take a light plastic raincoat with you. Huashan Scenic Area is open all year round. Generally, there will be small mudslides in heavy rain (thunderstorm weather), and Huashan tourism management department will promptly inform tourists on the mountain to take shelter from the rain and stop selling tickets.
Be sure to bring enough water. Things on the mountain are usually picked by porters, so the price is more expensive. If the economic conditions are good, just bring enough money.
At present, Huashan is being vigorously promoted and developed, and the local government attaches great importance to Huashan tourism, so the safety problem is still very good. [Edit this paragraph] Tickets for tourist tips in Huashan Scenic Area:
Low season (65438+February 1 to March 3 1), 60 yuan/person; Peak season (April 1 to165438+1October 30th), 120 yuan/person;
Students in universities, middle schools and primary schools can get half-price tickets with their student ID cards.
Arrival mode:
In Xi 'an, you can take the bus from Xi 'an to Huayin at Chengdong (Tang Dou) Bus Station (17 Changle Middle Road) every ten minutes. You can also take the 1 tourist bus at Xi Railway Station Square.
Internal flow:
Huashan cableway, from Wamiaogou to Beifeng. Adult one-way 80 yuan/person, round trip 130 yuan/person; 1. 1- 1.4m Half price for children, 10% discount for student ID cards, and half price for military ID cards and other valid documents. Operating hours: from 7: 00 to 19: 00 in peak season and from 9: 00 to 17: 00 in low season.
But all the year round, April to 10 is the best climbing time, and it is also the tourist season in Huashan.
Diet: There are food stalls along Huashan Road. Folk snacks include Shaanxi specialties, such as noodles, arugula, buckwheat bean jelly, pot helmet, beef and mutton soaked in the desert, etc. There are also Huashan specialty snacks, such as cold noodles, bean jelly, knife noodles, water chestnut noodles, yellow river catfish, etc., which make people linger after tasting. There are many restaurants and hotels on Yuquan Road at the foot of Huashan Mountain, and it is in huayin city, so it is convenient to eat.
Shopping: At the foot of Huashan Mountain and on both sides of the mountain road, there are some special souvenirs of Huashan Mountain for sale. Everything from straw weaving to paper cutting.
Accommodation: There are many private hotels on Yuquan Road at the foot of Huashan Mountain, which are relatively clean and reasonable in price. There are accommodation places such as Beifeng Hotel and Wu Yunfeng Hotel on the mountain, which is convenient for tourists to stay on the mountain.
Travel notes:
1, you must wear soft-soled sports shoes when climbing Huashan Mountain, because there are many steps on the mountain road. Climbing mountain is not only a test of will, but also a competition of physical strength. In addition, gloves, socks, crutches, etc. Depends on the individual;
2, it is best to eat some high-calorie food before climbing the mountain, which can effectively increase physical strength. Red bull is recommended as a drink, but it is not advisable to drink too much, otherwise you will be exhausted when you climb halfway;
It's easy to get thirsty when climbing Huashan Mountain, but don't drink heavily on the way. You'd better take a sip to moisten your mouth.
4. Pay attention to environmental protection when climbing mountains. Please don't litter. I suggest you pack it and take it back to the mountain. In addition, fireworks are strictly prohibited in Huashan. Please pay attention to friends who smoke.
5. When climbing the plank road in the sky and turning over the shuttlecock, you must pay attention to safety and remember.
6, the temperature difference at the top of the mountain is relatively large, pay attention to bring clothes.
7. After arriving in Qingkeping, you'd better buy gloves to avoid being stabbed by the concentric lock on the iron rope when climbing the mountain.
8. The price is higher on the mountain, mineral water 5 yuan/bottle, cucumber 1 yuan/root, millet porridge is quite warm, quenching thirst and satisfying hunger, mountainside 1 yuan/bowl, 2 yuan at the top of the mountain, and a dish of pickles. Tired travelers are really happy.
9. On Huashan Mountain, many locals set up stalls along the way to sell some straw-woven products and folk paper-cut products with strong Shaanxi style, but it should be noted that it is best not to compete for price when buying. There are many small shops at the foot of Huashan Mountain. In addition to the above items, there are trekking poles and flashlights for rent.
10, starting from Yuquan source, passing through Huixin Stone, thousands of feet Mansion, Bai Chi Gorge and Laojunligou to Beifeng, starting from the south of Beifeng, passing through "Xier Cliff" and "Heilongling" and crossing Jinsuo Pass, from here, you can reach the east, middle, south and west peaks respectively.
1 1. Generally, we go to the east wind at sunrise, where the wind is strong and the temperature is low. It is best to bring a cotton-padded jacket, but there is a military coat on it.
The rent is 30 yuan and the deposit is 50 yuan. [Edit this paragraph] Ticket price 120-60, half price for student tickets, 30 Weinan people (with ID cards).
Note: Sometimes when it comes to holidays, not everyone in Weinan is in 30 yuan!