He said: "Jiangnan people are good at cooking fried rice and all kinds of preserved fish. When they are buried in rice, there is a saying: "Dig a cellar". Redmi is a kind of rice made of barley and beans, which was created by Su Dongpo when he was Ying Yong's assistant in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). Su Dongpo's "Qiu Chi Er Redmi Ji" made a concrete record of Er Redmi: In this year, Dongpo (the foot of Shandong) picked more than 20 stone barley and sold it at a very low price, but japonica rice was suitable, and handmaiden ate it day and night. Chewing is slurping, children are in tune, and clouds chew lice. However, if you are hungry at noon, you can wash it with pulp, which is naturally sweet and sour and has the taste of northwest villages. I ordered miscellaneous beans to cook today, which is especially delicious. The old lady smiled and said, "This new sample is two Redmi. "Flat peach rice is a kind of special rice cooked with peach meat and rice, hence the name. It is very popular in Songtao Township. Lin Hong, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, introduced the method of making flat peach rice: boiling peach with rice bran (rice washing water) and then soaking it in water. Take out the core, pour it into the boiled rice, cook for a while, and then stew. In the Song Dynasty, both the south and the north were used as food. It has been recorded many times in the History of Song Dynasty that people in Song Dynasty mostly ate millet and rice, indicating frugality and incorruptibility. According to the Biography of Mi Hu in Song Dynasty, Mi Hu, a native of Suichang, said that Zhu, a Dali scholar, entertained students with "rice without millet". Hu Ying visited Zhu Xi in Wuyishan when he was an official. Zhu also entertained him with rice. He said unhappily, "A chicken is a bottle of wine, and there is nothing lacking in the mountains. "Black rice is an ancient traditional food, and Taoism and Buddhism attach great importance to it.
Taoism believes that this is immortal rice to prolong life, and it is called green refined stone rice. Tao Hongjing's "Deng Zhen Yin Ji" recorded the production method: the leaves of southern candle plants and the bark of miscellaneous stems were cooked, and the juice was soaked in rice and steamed. Lin Hong's "Shanjia Qinggong" introduces two different methods of making: Southern Candle Square, now known as Black Rice Grass, also known as Eclipta, that is, leaves. Picking branches and leaves, mashing and juicing, soaking in white japonica rice, no matter how much, waiting for an hour or two, and steaming rice. Exposed to dryness, firmness and blue, stored. If you use it, cook it by the meter with boiling water first, and it will be a meal. There is neither too much nor too little water. Long-term use will prolong life and benefit the face. Another method: soak three kilograms of bluestone grease and a bucket of green rice in water for three days, pound them into pills the size of plums, and take one or two pills with boiling water. After introducing this method, he quoted a saying in the Classic of Materia Medica that people in mountain villages usually prefer cooked food. Su Song in the Northern Song Dynasty also introduced the popular practice at that time, that is, raw white japonica rice was washed with one welcome and five buckets, and one welcome and two buckets were taken. Use five kilograms of leaves of southern candlewood and three kilograms of dried leaves to boil miscellaneous stems and leaves into extremely cold juice, so that they can be cooked with rice. Li Shizhen said: "As soon as the sun goes in and out, you won't be hungry, which will benefit color, strengthen bones and muscles, benefit stomach, replenish marrow and kill three kinds of pests. If you take it for a long time, it will turn white but get old. In the Song Dynasty, the number of meals gradually increased. According to Ned Weng's Life in the Capital in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are many kinds of restaurants in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as oral rice, bone rice, glutinous rice, soaked rice and water rice. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were also interesting stories about the relationship between Su Dongpo and rice. Ceng Yi's "Notes on Gao Zhai" contains: Dongpo tasted Qian Mufu and said, "In ordinary communication, it is necessary to say that there is no home, so there is no need to get together in a hurry. "One day, Mu Fu wrote a letter inviting Dongpo to eat rice.
Speaking of rice, a bowl, a dish of radish and a white soup covered with three whites (xi xi m: o). It is said that rice, vegetables and soup are all white, hence the name "rice". Su Dongpo felt that he had been teased and later wanted revenge. He also invited Xie Qian to his home for dinner. Qian Mufu went to Dongpo's house and waited for a long time, but he didn't see Su Dongpo's intention of setting dishes for entertainment. He is hungry and uncomfortable. Dongpo always said to wait a little longer, so three times, and finally Su Dongpo replied: Radish, soup and rice are all "hairs". The pronunciation of "Mao" in Shu dialect is similar to that of "Wu", which means "Wu". In other words, there are no three kinds of food, and Su Dongpo teased Qian Mufu once. A wealthy family in the Song Dynasty did not cherish food and wasted a lot. "Guier" records that at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Fu, the minister, was next to the temple. A monk in the temple filtered out the snow-white rice flowing out of the ditch of Wang Fu's house every day, washed it, dried it and preserved it. After several years, it accumulated into a pit of Jingkang. After that, the nomads occupied Bianjing, and the Wangs' food was not continued, and they faced the pain of fasting. Subsequently, the monks steamed the collected dried rice grains into rice and sent them to the Wangs for their family to eat, thus solving the dietary difficulties of the Wangs. (2) In ancient times, porridge and dietotherapy porridge were named Mi, (Sound Felt) and Mei (Sound Yi), which were said to have been created by the Yellow Emperor. The ancients divided porridge into two categories: thick porridge and thin porridge. Or divide the raw materials into rice porridge, wheat porridge, bean porridge, millet porridge, milk porridge and so on. ; Each category is divided into many varieties. According to the documents of Song Dynasty, such as Taiping Shenghui Fang, Records of Holy Sites and Family Sacrifice Book for the Elderly, there are as many as 306 kinds of diet porridge. Zhang Wenqian, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, specially wrote an article "The Story of Porridge", which greatly praised the benefits of eating porridge and said that it could prolong life. He also said: "If you eat a big bowl of porridge every morning, your stomach will be empty on an empty stomach, which will make you feel depressed and make up for it. It is also very soft and greasy and compatible with the stomach. It is the best diet. "
Lu You's Poem of Eating Porridge in the Southern Song Dynasty also strongly recommended the beauty of drinking porridge: everyone in the world is an elderly person, but I don't know that it has been many years now; I have to learn from the people and eat porridge from the gods. As can be seen from the poem, Lu You thinks that the simplest way to prolong life is to eat porridge. Wanqiu (now Henan Province) mentioned in the poem is the place where Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and distinguished medicines to prolong life, which is a metaphor for eating porridge to prolong life. Fan Zhongyan, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a mechanic in bad karma when he was a teenager. When he eats porridge twice in the morning and evening on weekdays, he only orders food. His classmates sympathize with his poverty, but he regards him as "delicious". During the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo also highly praised rice porridge in his letters to friends. He said: "When you are hungry at night, Wu Yezi suggests that you eat rice porridge, which can promote innovation and benefit your stomach. Drinking porridge is fast and beautiful, and it is especially wonderful to sleep after drinking porridge. " He also said: "I have no requirements in the world. I only need two hectares of land to make enough porridge. " Porridge is not only a common food among ordinary people, but also a diet porridge for court ministers to express their love in Tang and Song Dynasties. Wang Dan (957-10/7), the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, was deeply trusted by Song Zhenzong for more than ten years. Once when Wang Dan was seriously ill, Zhenzong not only often sent an attendant to mourn, but also personally prepared medicine for him to drink yam porridge. (2) Porridge, in the Song Dynasty, also became a pious food for the Buddha. "Tokyo Dream" records that on the eighth day of December, a Buddhist bath was held in the temple in Kaifeng, Bianjing, and seven treasures and five flavors of porridge were presented to the believers, which can be called "Laba porridge"; Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, followed closely.
There are more than 300 kinds of porridge in Song Dynasty, which can be roughly divided into four categories: beans, cereals, flowers, fruits, vegetables and animals. In the Song Dynasty, the variety of miscellaneous grains porridge increased and the cooking technology was refined, which has become an important feature of staple food. The main varieties are indica rice porridge, burnt rice porridge, aged rice porridge, japonica rice porridge, fragrant rice porridge, glutinous rice porridge, barley porridge, wheat porridge, rice-wheat porridge, glutinous rice porridge, millet porridge, millet porridge and so on. There are more than ten kinds of bean porridge in Song Dynasty, such as soybean porridge, black bean porridge, mung bean porridge, red bean porridge, pea porridge, broad bean porridge and bean porridge, among which red bean porridge and mung bean porridge are the most common, and doctors in Song Dynasty also praised red bean porridge. The medical book records that a vegetarian woman gave birth to a baby. Seven days later, her breast pulse stopped beating and the drug was ineffective. Occasionally, she got a liter of red beans, cooked porridge and ate it that night. Lin Hong's "Shanjia Qinggong" also preserved the cooking method of red bean porridge in Song Dynasty, which is simple and feasible: "Cook red beans in a sand bottle (long neck and wide belly pottery); When the porridge is cooked less, cook it together and eat it when it is cooked. " Cooking porridge with flowers and rice grains is also an important feature of porridge in Song Dynasty. There are many kinds of plum porridge, tea cream porridge, chrysanthemum porridge, osmanthus porridge and so on. Plum blossom porridge "Sweep the plum shadow (fallen plum blossom), pick it up and wash it." Cook porridge with snow water and white rice. When cooked, cook in (American) English. This method of cooking porridge was recorded in Lin Hong's "Shanjia Qing Palace", which is the most popular among scholars. They believe that eating plum blossom porridge not only has the effects of "improving eyesight, benefiting qi, removing annoyance and calming the nerves", but also can express noble and elegant taste. Yang Wanli, an idyllic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said in a poem: "When you see wax, it will be clear in spring, but before the wind, it will be snowy. "Eat porridge after denucleation, and it is still good to burn English."
This means that spring comes after winter, and I'm worried that the plum blossoms in the spring breeze will fall again. Pick up the fallen plum blossoms and cook porridge. You can also cook them as condiments. Gu Mi, melons, fruits and vegetables were mixed together to cook porridge, which was also very popular in the Song Dynasty. There are ten to twenty kinds of porridge, such as persimmon porridge, Frye porridge, bergamot porridge, flax porridge, amaranth porridge, lotus seed porridge, leek porridge, radish porridge, peach kernel porridge, yam porridge and sugarcane porridge. This kind of porridge is very popular because it has therapeutic effect. Sesame porridge sesame, also known as sesame and chrysanthemum, is now black sesame. Cooking porridge with flax and rice was very popular in Tang Dynasty, especially in Song Dynasty. Doctors and Taoist priests especially like to eat food. Taiping Sheng Huifang, an official medical book in the Northern Song Dynasty, describes a method of cooking porridge: "There is no limit to the number of big ones. Pick out impurities and steam them nine times each. Take two pieces at a time, wrap them in soup, peel and grind them, filter the juice with water, fry them into soup, and eat them with glutinous rice as porridge. " The book also pointed out that eating giant porridge has the good effect of "treating the deficiency of five internal organs, winning by thinness, benefiting qi and strengthening bones and muscles" Almond porridge is a kind of diet porridge in Tang and Song Dynasties, especially popular among Taoist hermits in Song Dynasty. Lin Hong's "Shanjia Qinggong" in the Southern Song Dynasty recorded the preparation method and origin of this kind of porridge: "When cooking porridge, the apricots are cooked, pitted and cooked together, which can be described as real porridge." Traveling to Lushan Mountain, I heard that Dong Zhenjun planted many kinds of apricots when he became immortal. Apricot for food at the age of 20, apology for food at the age of 20, so many people live. After daylight, the immortal rises. There is a poem in the world: competition is like a lotus peak, and planting red can also become a fairy. Is it necessary to study alchemy and believe in it? If you have merit, you will be immortal, even though you are not dead because of your name. "