Emur River: Also called Emur River. Tributaries on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Originating from Xiongjichang Mountain on the north side of Daxing 'anling, it gathers tributaries such as Laocao River, Dalinhe River and Gulian River from south to north, traverses the whole territory of Mohe County, and flows into Heilongjiang near Dahexi Village in Xing 'an Township. The total length is 469 kilometers, the river width is 20-150m, the water depth is 2-5m, and the drainage area is 16280 square kilometers.
Pangu River: A tributary of the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the west of Tahe County. Pangu, the Oroqen language, means "rolling and flowing" river. Originated at the eastern foot of Baikulu Mountain in Daxing 'anling, it flows into Heilongjiang at the northeast of Station 23 10 km. The total length is165km, the river width is 20-45m, the water depth is1.2m, and the drainage area is 3,308 km2.
Sirgenvas River: A tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang River. Located in the north of Tahe County. Srgenqi, in Oroqen, means "the river is long and tortuous". Originating in the western foothills of West Roerqi Mountain, there are two sources, the Big Srgenvas River and the Little Srgenvas River, with a total length of1.33km, and it flows into Heilongjiang at Shuanghe Station between Yixiken Township and Kaikukang Township. The river is 30-50 meters wide, with a water depth of 0.6- 1.8 meters and a drainage area of 3,858 square kilometers.
Huma River: A larger tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Huma River" (also known as Huma) and "Kuma River", which was later referred to as this name. Its name is Mongolian, which means "the first person in the line"; When you speak Oroqen, it means deer. Originated in the pheasant farm mountain in Daxinganling, it flows through Huzhong, Tahe and Huma counties (districts) from west to east, and flows into Heilongjiang in the southeast of Huma Town. The total length is 524 kilometers, the river width is 50-350 meters, and the water depth is 1-3 meters. The main tributaries are Kamalan River, Tahe River, Ishahi River, Wolegen River, Chuna River and Gulong River. The drainage area is 3 1 10,000 square kilometers.
He Kuan: A tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the south of Huma County. Originated in the eastern slope of Daxinganling, it flows from southwest to northeast and flows into Heilongjiang near Sanka Village. The total length is 80 kilometers, the river width is 10-30 meters, the water depth is 0.5- 1.5 meters, and the drainage area is 2 177 square kilometers.
Tuoniu River: A tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Heihe city. Originating from the east side of the northern section of Xiaoxing 'anling, it flows from west to east and flows into Heilongjiang near Yinda Village, Zhangdiyingzi Township. It has a total length of 66 kilometers, a river width of 20 meters, a water depth of 1.0 meters and a drainage area of 655 square kilometers.
Fabella River: A tributary of the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Heihe city. Originated in the eastern foot of the northern section of Xiaoxing 'anling, it flows into Heilongjiang near Fabella Village in Shangmachang Township. The total length is 1 19 km, the river width is 4-85 m, the water depth is 0.5- 1.9 m, and the drainage area is 29 14 square km.
La 'er River: a secondary tributary on the right bank of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Heihe city. Originating at the southern foot of Gaozhi Mountain, it runs northwest-southeast, flows through the northern part of Longyin Mountain and joins the Fabra River in the southern part of Xinsheng Township. The total length is 67 kilometers, the river width is 20 meters, the water depth is 0.7 meters, and the drainage area is 8 16 square kilometers.
Shijinhe: A tributary of the right bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the east of Heihe city. Originated in the hilly area in the middle of Heihe City, it winds through Jinhe Farm from west to east and flows into Heilongjiang near Sijiazi Town. It has a total length of 53 kilometers, a river width of 30 meters, a water depth of 0.8 meters and a drainage area of 858 square kilometers.
Gongbiela River: A tributary of the right bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the south of Heihe city. Originated in Daheishan in the northern section of Xiaoxing 'anling, it winds through Jinhe Farm and Xigangzi Town from west to east. , in He Kun Daur Manchu township into Heilongjiang. The total length is 14 1 km, the river width is 4-60m, the water depth is1.5-3m, and the drainage area is 2765 square kilometers.
Xunhe: also known as "Xunbiela River" (also known as "Xunbiela"). A larger tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. The full name of "Xun" is "milk slurry". Originated in Xiaoxing 'anling in the west of Heihe City, it gathers many tributaries, flows through Sunwu and Xunke counties from west to east, and flows into Heilongjiang near Cheluwanzi Village in Xunke County. The larger tributaries are Chenqinghe River, Woniu River, zhanhe River and Wudi River. The total length is 279 kilometers, the river width is 70- 100 meters, the water depth is 0.8-2 meters, and the drainage area is 15868 square kilometers.
Kuer River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in Xunke County. Originated at the northern foot of Xiaoxing 'anling Mountain, it flows from south to north through Kelin, Dapingtai, Baoshan and other towns, and flows into Heilongjiang near Limin Village in Chelu Township. The total length is 22 1 km, the river width is 30-65 meters, the water depth is 1.5 meters, and the drainage area is 4968 square kilometers.
Yun He: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. It was called "Wuyi River" and "Wuyin River" in ancient times. "Wuyi" means "forest" in Mongolian. Originated in the northern slope of Xiaoxing 'anling, it flows through the northern junction of Yichun City, Xunke County and Jiayin County, and flows into Heilongjiang near Shuanghe Town. Total length130km, river width 35m, water depth 0.8m, and drainage area 246 1 km2.
Boundary River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the middle of Jiayin County. Shouhushan, which originated in Xiaoxing 'anling, flows through Shouhushan, Yulin, Tuanjie and other forest farms from south to north and flows into Heilongjiang along the river in Tunbei. It has a total length of 77 kilometers, a river width of 9-28 meters, a water depth of 0.4-0.7 meters and a drainage area of 999 square kilometers.
Wulagai River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the south of Jiayin County. Originating in the east of Xiaoxing 'anling, it runs from southwest to northeast, flows through Wulaga Town and Baoxing Township, and flows into Heilongjiang near Baoxing Village. The total length is 75 kilometers, the river width is 30 meters, the water depth is 0.9 meters, and the drainage area is 120 1 square kilometer.
Jiayin River: It was once called Zhaihe, Jin Jia River and Chayi River. South bank tributary of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River. Located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. Originated in the east of Xiaoxing 'anling, it flows through the junction of Hegang North and Jiayin and Luobei counties, and flows into Heilongjiang in Jiayin Hekou Village. The total length is 129 km, the river width is 60 meters, the water depth is 1.2 m, and the drainage area is 2099 square kilometers.
Ya Dan River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the middle of Luobei County. Originated in the eastern part of Zuo Wu, Sifang Mountain, it flows southward in the tunnel and flows eastward into Heilongjiang. The total length is 95 kilometers, the river width is 5- 10 meters, the water depth is 1-5 meters, and the drainage area is 606 square kilometers.
Lianhua River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the west of Tongjiang City. Originated in the eastern swamp of Fumin Township in the northeast of Fujin City, it flows through Qinglong Mountain from southwest to northeast, then turns north and flows into Heilongjiang via Tongjiang City Jiejinkou. In the past, it was named after the clear growth of lotus flowers in the river. The larger tributaries are qinglong river and Hera River. The total length is 74 kilometers, the river is 30-50 meters wide, the water depth is 0.7-2.4 meters, and the drainage area is 1797 square kilometers.
Qinglong river: a secondary tributary of the south bank of Heilongjiang. Located in the north of Tongjiang City. Originated in Tongjiang City, the northeast of Zhao Xiaoshan is dominated by wetlands, which flows through the south side of Qinglong Mountain in Qinghe Township to Lianhua River. The total length is 54 kilometers, the water depth is 0.8-4 meters, the river width is 50- 100 meters, and the drainage area is 473 square kilometers.
Yalu River: A tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. Originated in the northern foot of Shuangzi Mountain in Tongjiang City, it flows through the central part of Tongjiang City and the northwest of Fuyuan County. The middle and lower reaches are the boundary river between two cities and counties, with a total length of194km, a river width of15m, a water depth of 2.2m and a drainage area of1476km2.
Thick river: a tributary of the south bank of the middle reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. Originated in the heavy wet swamp area south of Qinglong Mountain in the south of Tongjiang City, it flows through the southeast of Tongjiang City and the northwest of Fuyuan County. By vigorously adding lakes, it will be injected into Heilongjiang in the west of Fuyuan Town. The total length is116km, the river width is 38m, the water depth is1.9m, and the drainage area is 4,747 km2.
Songhua River: The main stream is located in the central and eastern part of Heilongjiang Province, crossing the territory of Heilongjiang Province. Songhua River has two sources, north and south, and Nenjiang River, the north source, originated in Daxing 'anling. The south source is Erdaobai River, which originates from Tianchi Lake in Baitou Mountain, and the two estuaries are called Erdaojiang below. It is called "the second Songhua River" after it joins Toudaojiang River, flows northward through Huadian, Jilin, Songyuan and other counties (cities) in Jilin Province, and then flows eastward into Nenjiang River at Sanchakou, which is called "the main stream of Songhua River". After Zhaoyuan, Shuangcheng, Zhaodong, Harbin, Hulan, Acheng, Binxian, Bayan, Mulan, Fangzheng, Tonghe, Yilan, Tangyuan, Jiamusi, Huachuan, Fujin, Suibin, Tongjiang and other cities and counties, it flows into Heilongjiang at the Sanjiangkou. Total length 1840 km, of which the main stream is 939 km. The main tributaries are Lalin River, Hulan River, Ashe River, Mahe River, Mudanjiang River, Woken River, Tangwang River and Wutong River. The total basin area is 546,000 square kilometers, including 269,000 square kilometers in Heilongjiang Province.
Wusuli River: There are two sources. The Wula River in the east originates from the west side of Russia's Sihot Mountain, and the Songacha River in the west originates from Xingkai Lake. After the two sources merge, they flow through Hulin, Raohe, Fuyuan and other counties (cities) from south to north, and then flow into Heilongjiang in Boli. The total length of the river is 890 kilometers, of which the Sino-Russian boundary river Songacha estuary to Heilongjiang estuary is 492 kilometers. The total basin area is 6.5438+0.87 million square kilometers, of which the basin area of Heilongjiang Province is 6.65438+0.5 million square kilometers.
Hutong River: A tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. Located in the east of Huma County. Originating in the south-central part of Huma County, it flows from southwest to northeast and flows into Heilongjiang near Hutong Town. The total length is 68 kilometers, the river is 5-8 meters wide, the water depth is 0.8 meters, and the drainage area is 40 1 square kilometer.
The main tributaries on the north bank of Russia are the Olydoy River, Jaya River, Bizan River, Bila River and brea River.
Jieya River is the largest tributary on the left side of Heilongjiang (in Russia), which originates from the southern slope of Stanov Mountains and flows into Heilongjiang at Blagoveshchensk (Blue Ocean Bubble), which is 0/936 km away from the estuary of Heilongjiang. The length of Jieya River is1242km, with a drainage area of 233,000km2. The whole basin is located in Amur region of Russia. The Jieya River system is a fan-shaped water system, and all the water comes together, which is easy to cause a big flood. The largest tributaries of Jaya River are Jiliuyi River (right bank), Hulkin River (right bank) and Sheremja River (left bank), of which Sheremja River is the largest. The annual average discharge of Jieya Estuary is10.08 million cubic meters per second, and the total runoff is 56.76 million cubic meters. Among the main tributaries of Heilongjiang, it is the second largest tributary after Songhua River, which is 6.3 million more than the inflow of the upper reaches of Heilongjiang (the average annual flow is10.06 million m3/s).
Britta River in China was called "Niuman River" (Niu Manjiang) in ancient times. The second largest tributary on the left bank of Heilongjiang in the south of Russian Far East. It is formed by the confluence of the left and right brea rivers originating from Mount Esop and Alin in Duxie Mountain, and meanders to the southwest. The downstream flows through the Jaya-brea Plain. It has a total length of 623 kilometers and a drainage area of 70,700 square kilometers. The main tributary is the Telma River. The estuary has an average annual flow of 940 cubic meters per second and an annual runoff of 30 billion cubic meters. The navigable distance above the estuary is 197 km. Exile timber. The freezing period is 5-6 months. In the early 1980s, brea Hydropower Station was built upstream.
The Umir River originates from the foothills in the middle of Abagar Mountains, the remaining vein of the Outer Xing 'an Mountains. After the Umir River came out of the mountain, it merged into another tributary, Senchuga River, which also originated from this mountain, on the left bank not far away. Then the right bank flows into the Tincu River. The Umir River flows down the river again, and the right bank flows into the Barrancoque River. The estuary is the headquarters of Obanchok, then goes down to Diktanga Forestry Station, and then flows into Kurgan River on the left bank. The source of Kukan River comes from Ku Kanski Mountain, and the downstream of the river is Liufuga forest area. On the other side of the estuary where the Kukan River empties into the Umir River, there is a small village, Kukan Village. Down is Kukan Village, and the Umir River turns two nearly right-angled bends, from south to east, and then from south to east, flowing to Heilongjiang. In the northeast of Smidovich, it finally turns to the east and flows into the Wild Goose River on the right bank. In the south of Loka in Ulikapaf, the Kuru River joins the Umir River. After merging, it becomes Tunguska River and flows eastward into the left bank of Heilongjiang.
The Anuyi River was called Dundun River in Qing Dynasty. The source of the Anuyi River is in the middle of the Schott Mountains, and it flows into Heilongjiang from north to west. The Anuyi River is located in Chukchi Autonomous Region of Magadan, and it is formed by the confluence of the Great Anuyi River and the Little Anuyi River, which originated from the Anadel Platform. The main stream is only 8 kilometers long, the Great Anuyi River is 693 kilometers long, and the Little Anuyi River is 738 kilometers long. The total basin area is107,000 square kilometers, including 57,200 square kilometers of the Greater Anui River and 49,800 square kilometers of the Lesser Anui River. The main supply of river water is snowmelt and rain. Tributaries of Emur River: Laocao River, Dalin River and Er'long River.
Tributaries of Huma River: Kamalan River, Ishahi River, Tahe River, Chalaban River, Wolegen River, Chuna River and Gulong River.
Chanhe tributaries: Chenqinghe River, Woniu River, Maolan River, zhanhe River and Wudi River.
A tributary of the Kur River: Pierre River.
Tributaries of Songhua River: Nenjiang River, Lalin River, Liangyun River, Majiagou River, Ashe River, Feiketu River, Cangban River, Mahe River, Daluomi River, Xiaoluomi River, Mudanjiang River, Lingdangmai River, Anbang River, Hulan River, Mulan River, Baiyangmu River, Chalin River, Northwest River, Dagudong River and Xiaogudong River.
Tributaries of Wusuli River: Songacha River, Xiaomuling River, Muling River, Qihulin River, Abuqin River, Tumu River, Naoli River and Beilahong River. Many parts of the basin are in the Taijialin vegetation belt.
Especially in peat areas, larch is the main tree species, and there are some pines, spruces and firs in arid areas. In Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling in the south, mixed forests of broad-leaved forest and broad-leaved coniferous forest can be seen, in which Mongolian oak, pine and larch are dominant.
This basin is rich in fish. There are about 100 species of fish in the downstream, and about 60 species in the upstream, even surpassing European rivers such as Wawa River and Danube River. About 25 or 30 species have commercial value. One of the characteristics of Heilongjiang is that a large number of fish develop in the sea to avoid being hurt by the rapid change of river water level in summer.
The Songhua River valley is covered with virgin forests, and the total amount of wood accumulated in Daxinganling, Xiaoxing 'anling and Changbai Mountain reaches 10 billion cubic meters, which is the largest forest area in China. Mineral reserves are also extremely rich, except the main coal, there are gold, copper, iron and so on. The Songhua River basin is fertile and rich in soybeans, corn, sorghum and wheat. In addition, the quality of flax, cotton, tobacco, apples and beets is also very good. Songhua River is also a large freshwater fish farm in the northeast of China, which is rich in carp, herring, bighead carp, hucho fish and so on. , reaching more than 40 million kilograms every year.
In winter, the Songhua River is very cold, sometimes dropping to MINUS 30 degrees Celsius, and the freezing period lasts for five months. However, this section of Fengman Hydropower Station never freezes, which is said to be caused by the high water temperature flowing into the river through the power plant. In this section of the river with warm current, clouds of steam are rising and condensing on the willows and pine leaves on the shore, forming clusters of crystal-clear ice flowers, and the Shili long dike suddenly becomes a world with exquisite, symmetrical trees and fluttering silver branches. This is the famous "tree hanging" spectacle in China. Heilongjiang was the inland river of China in ancient times and the birthplace of Manchu people. The earliest inhabitants along the coast of Heilongjiang were ancient Asians, and later they were only distributed in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang under the oppression of Tunguska people. The representative ethnic group is nivkh, which has developed a developed culture of settled fishing and marine animals.
Heilongjiang was called weak water in the Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, and it was called difficult water when the upper reaches of Heilongjiang were built and the Songhua River and the two rivers met. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the lower reaches of Heilongjiang were called black water. When the water was used up, it was changed to Wang Jianshui, and the difficult water was changed to He Nahe. Liao history called this river "Heilongjiang" for the first time, because it was dark and winding like Youlong, and later became the territory of Liao. Heilongjiang river basin was incorporated into the territory of Jin Dynasty and became the inland river of Jin Dynasty. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was called Huntong River.
Before the Yuan Dynasty, it was always the territory of China, belonging to Lingbei Province and Liaoyang Province. The troops of the Yuan Dynasty in China were stationed here and became the inland river of the Yuan Dynasty. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was the territory of China. During the Qing Dynasty in China, part of the Heilongjiang Valley was under the jurisdiction of General Heilongjiang and part of it was under the jurisdiction of Jilin General: 1652. The Qing court sent troops to station, and Ningguta and Shengjing coexisted. Northeast China is divided into two military regions and two administrative regions.
In the Qing dynasty, one of Heilongjiang became the official name, which was the exile place of prisoners in the early Qing dynasty. Feng Jing once said: "Today, Wula has shed people, and the rope is tied around her neck, which is for animals and livestock. When you die, you will be naked, abandon all fields, the kite will be full of meat, and the sand will lift its bones ... "Kangxi began to abolish the exile of Ula, but Xu Li was exiled here in the fifth year of Yongzheng. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), "Wangjitang" was built in Wula. 1683, General Heilongjiang was established to administer the Heilongjiang River Basin. 1662 is under the jurisdiction of General Ningguta. 1683, General Ningguta's jurisdiction (Jilin General's jurisdiction) was partially set as General Heilongjiang's jurisdiction. This general is not only the highest local military and political chief, but also the highest local civil affairs chief.
Since 1858, when China and Russia signed the Aihui Treaty, the land north of the Yangtze River was ceded to Russia. Russia sent troops across Heilongjiang on the grounds of protecting the Middle East Railway, set fire to Aihui City, which belonged to the Qing Dynasty at that time, and created the Hailanpao tragedy about 40 kilometers deep into the border of the Qing Dynasty. Soon the war ended, and sixty-four villages in Jiangdong (located on the north bank of Heilongjiang) that were originally under the jurisdiction of the Qing government were occupied by force. 1907, a part of Jiangnan was built in Heilongjiang province. Black for short. China believes that Heilongjiang has been the inland river of China since the Tang Dynasty in China in the 8th century, and it became the boundary river between China and Russia only after Russia forcibly occupied a large territory north of Heilongjiang in China and east of Wusuli River in the late19th century.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Soviet Union believed that according to the border agreement between the two sides, the China River in Heilongjiang should be the border and all the islands in the river should be owned by the Soviet Union. However, China insists on taking the center line of the main channel as the boundary, and the two sides have disputes over the ownership of the islands in the river. After the 1960s, Sino-Soviet relations gradually deteriorated, which eventually led to armed conflicts between the armies of the two countries in Zhenbao Island. The border situation suddenly became tense, and a war was imminent. Since Gorbachev came to power in the 1980s, Sino-Soviet relations have eased only after he agreed in his speech in Vladivostok to determine national boundaries according to the universal norms of international law.
In 1970s, with the continuous strengthening of Chinese mainland's reform and opening-up, Heilongjiang Province signed a large number of trade agreements with Russia, and turned several cities such as Heihe and suifenhe city as well as Russian Far East cities such as Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk into border trade cities, among which Suifenhe and other places also built international railways to facilitate travel. Using complementary advantages of resources to promote the economic development of Heilongjiang River Basin.
/kloc-in the 1970s, with the continuous strengthening of China's reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province signed a large number of trade agreements with Russia, and turned several cities along the river, such as Heihe City and Tongjiang City, and Russian cities in the Far East, such as Blagoveshchensk (Blue Ocean Bubble) and Khabarovsk (Boli), into border trade cities, which promoted the economic development of the Heilongjiang River Basin by using complementary resource advantages.
From the 1990s to the early 20th century, China and Russia successively determined the direction of the eastern border. China has given up its claim to a large amount of Russian land and 64 villages in occupied Jiangdong since the middle of19th century. It is agreed to divide the border between the two countries based on the actual control line, that is, the center line of the main channel of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers. In 2004, People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) and the Russian Federation signed a final border agreement, which defined a clear boundary between the two countries with Heilongjiang as the basic border. In 2008, China took over the last disputed territory between the two sides-Heixiazi Island at the intersection of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers. The direction of the boundary has been determined. in China. Placer gold was once rich along the coast of Heilongjiang, which reached prosperity in Qing Dynasty and played an important role in promoting local economic development. Heilongjiang is the boundary river on the northern border of China, and the northernmost part of the People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) border is located on the center line of the main channel of Heilongjiang. Rich in hydraulic resources, there are about 950 tributaries (including seasonal rivers), among which Songhua River, the longest tributary in Heilongjiang, is about 1657 km. On the tributary side, there are about 160 port stations in China. There are also many islands in Heilongjiang, including the famous Big Black Island and Black Box Island, which belong to China and Russia. Among them, Daheihe Island has developed into a trade transit station with relatively complete facilities. Because the soil on both sides of Heilongjiang is mostly black soil with a lot of humus, the water flowing through Heilongjiang washes the soil on the shore, which makes the black soil sink into the river and deposit at the bottom of the river. Therefore, Heilongjiang water is often black when seen in a clear place. The distribution of forest resources in Heilongjiang basin is different. Since the Daxinganling fire in 1987, China has suffered great damage. From Mohe County to Heihe City, there are almost no trees more than 20 years old. Russia is rich in forestry resources. Generally, when Heilongjiang is frozen in winter, China often imports Russian wood for processing. Gold is also produced along the river basin, which has been called "golden road" since the ancient city of Zhiaihui in Mohe County. Heilongjiang has a long freezing period. Affected by the thawing of the reservoir bank and the precipitation in rainy season, the flood season is mostly concentrated in spring and summer. The most famous creature near Heilongjiang is the Heilongjiang leopard, which lives in the valley. At present, there are only about 50 left. Because fishermen hunt and get caviar, the number of China herring in Heilongjiang Province is greatly reduced. Heilongjiang is also famous for its rich Far East salmon and salmon.
Most of the downstream Russian section (amur river section) is in Khabarovsk Krai, which is rich in coal, iron, manganese, tin, gold, molybdenum and tungsten. More than 50% of the land in the border areas is covered by forests, and the reserves of mature forests and over-mature forests reach 365.438+0.4 billion cubic meters. There are many kinds of wild animals in the forest; The rivers are vertical and horizontal, and the coastline is long, which has superior conditions for developing industry and transportation. Khabarovsk Krai was established on1October 20th, 1938+05438, with a territory area of 788,600 square kilometers (excluding the Jewish Autonomous Prefecture). The number of administrative units is 17 districts, 6 municipalities directly under the border area, 1 municipality directly under the district, 7 inner cities, 3 1 towns and 179 administrative farms. The center of the border region is Khabarovsk, which was founded in 1858. Other cities directly under the border region are: Amursk, founded in1973; Bishe City, founded in1938; Gongqingcheng, founded in 1932. Larger cities include Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Amursk and Nikolayevsk. In 2003, the population of Khabarovsk Krai was 1466500. The urban population accounts for about 80%. Khabarovsk Krai is a member of the Far East Economic Zone. This area is the most important industrial zone in the Far East. Has machinery manufacturing, metal processing, ferrous metals, wood processing, paper making, non-ferrous metal mining, fisheries and petroleum processing industries. Large machinery manufacturing enterprises include: Gongqingcheng Aviation Production Consortium, Amur Shipyard, Far East Diesel Engine Factory, Amur Cable Factory, etc. The economic sectors in the border areas are mainly concentrated in Baja, Gongqingcheng and Vanino along trans-siberian railway and amur river. There are many joint processing plants in the Sea of Okhotsk and along the coast of amur river. The industrial centers of fish products processing are Ayan, Okhotsk and ulak. The main industrial sectors are machinery manufacturing and metal processing, petroleum processing, fuel, wood processing, light industry, food, building materials and so on. Large enterprises mainly include: Far East Diesel Engine Factory, General Cable Factory, Power Machine Factory, Machine Tool Factory, Shipyard, Chemical Pharmaceutical Factory, Oil Refinery and Thermal Power Center. The main industrial products are: diesel generators, ships, power equipment, wires, cables, machine tools, petroleum products, medicines, reinforced concrete components, steel and aluminum structural materials, etc. The city is the largest machine manufacturing center and military production base in the Far East. The main industrial centers are Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk, Nikolayevsk and Amursk. According to the statistics of 1997 65438+ 10/0, there are 1 225 farms in Khabarovsk Krai, with an average land area of 23 hectares. The main planting area is in the south, where wheat, barley, oats, soybeans, potatoes, feed crops and fruit trees are planted. There are animal husbandry, deer breeding and fur hunting. There are Siberian trunk lines and Amur-Balkan railway lines in Khabarovsk Krai. Amur river, Ussuri River, Tunguska River and Amgon network are open to traffic. There is also shipping in the territory, and the main ports are Wamino, Nikolayevsk and Okhotsk. The capital, Khabarovsk, is the third largest airport in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg. Highway traffic is developed.