Cross the rubicon in the Battle of Julu in 216 BC, when Xiang Yu defeated Zhang Han. This war has two meanings: first, the main force of Qin Jun was eliminated, and the peasant army took the initiative in the war; Second, Xiang Yu jumped from a general to the commander-in-chief of the allied forces, and the war began to change gradually from the battle to the Chu-Han war.
this idiom is from the biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu and Xun Xuan.
at the end of the eastern Han dynasty, after suppressing the occupation of Yanzhou (y m 4 n) by the yellow turban insurrectionary army, Cao Cao was ambitiously preparing to seize Xuzhou.
At that time, there was a talented man named Xun Xian in Yingyang, Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan). He moved to Jizhou to avoid Dong Zhuo's rebellion and was treated as a distinguished guest by Yuan Shao. Seeing that Yuan Shao could not achieve great things, he defected to Cao Cao's door. Cao Cao was overjoyed and appointed him Sima. From then on, he followed Cao Cao to fight in the north and made suggestions, which won Cao Cao's trust.
In 194 AD, Tao Qian, a herdsman in Xuzhou, died of illness and gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei before his death. When the news came, Cao Cao's heart to seize Xuzhou could no longer hold back and he was busy sending troops to Xuzhou. Knowing Cao Cao's thoughts, Xun Xuan said, "In those days, Emperor Gaozu kept Guanzhong, and Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu owned Hanoi. They all had a solid base, and they advanced enough to defeat the enemy and retreated enough to hold on, so they became a great cause. Now the general is attacking Xuzhou regardless of Yanzhou, and our troops staying in Yanzhou are not enough to obtain Xuzhou; Leave less, if lyu3 bu4 at this time, and not enough to hold Yanzhou. In the end, Yanzhou must have been lost, and Xuzhou did not take it. " He also pointed out, "It is the wheat harvest season, and I heard that Xuzhou has organized manpower to grab the wheat outside the city and transport it to the city. This shows that they are ready. Once word gets out, they will definitely strengthen their fortifications, transfer all their materials and get everything ready to meet us (the original text is:' Today, the East is all about harvesting wheat, and it will be hard to clear the field for the generals'). In this way, your troops and horses really go, the city can't attack, and nothing can be obtained. Within ten days, your army will collapse without a fight. "
Cao Cao listened to Xun Xuan's words and admired him very much. From then on, he concentrated his forces and quickly defeated Lu Bu. Later, he defeated Liu Bei and occupied Xuzhou.
"Strengthening the wall and clearing the field": Strengthening the wall is to strengthen the city walls and fortresses; Clearing the wild is to collect food and property in the wild. Reinforce the fortifications and transfer all the residents and materials in the four fields, so that the enemy can neither break in nor grab anything, so it is untenable. This is a method of fighting against the superior enemy.
This idiom comes from Jia Yi's On the Qin Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, which is about the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang at the end of the Qin Dynasty.
in July of 219 BC, the local officials of Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan) sent two officers and 911 poor men to Yuyang (now Miyun county, Beijing) to defend the frontier. The two officers also selected two able-bodied men from among the able-bodied men to be captains of the chariot, and let them manage the rest of the able-bodied men. One of the two captains is called Chen Sheng, who is a farm laborer. The other is Wu Guang, a poor peasant. They didn't know each other before, but now they meet and share the same fate, which soon makes them good friends.
Chen Sheng, Wu Guang and his party hurried north desperately, not daring to delay at all. Because according to the decree of the Qin dynasty, if the date is missed, it will be beheaded. However, they just walked for a few days before they arrived in osawa Township (now southwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province). It was raining heavily, so they had to set up camp and wait until it was fine. It just kept raining, and the date was delayed. Chen Sheng discussed with Wu Guang and said, "Even if we leave, we will die if we miss the date." Escaping and being caught by the government is also a death. Anyway, it's a death. It's better for everyone to rebel together, overthrow Qin Ershi and kill the people. "
Wu Guang is also a man of insight. He agreed with Chen Sheng, and agreed to call on the whole world to attack Qin Ershi through the title of Prince Fu Su who was killed by Qin Ershi and the former Chu general Xiang Yan (the grandfather of Xiang Yu) who won the support of the masses.
So Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, with a few confidants, first hacked the two officers to death, and then held their heads to explain to everyone the truth that rebellion without great righteousness had to die in vain. These hundreds of people suddenly expressed their willingness to give their lives to work with Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. Everyone cut down trees as weapons, held high bamboo poles as flags, swore to heaven, and worked together to overthrow Qin Ershi and avenge Chu's general Xiang Yan. Everyone also elected Chen Sheng and Wu Guang as leaders, and occupied osawa Township in one fell swoop. As soon as the farmers in osawa Township heard that Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, young children came to the camp with hoes, iron rakes, poles and wooden sticks to join the army.
people simplify the phrase "chopping wood for soldiers, raising the banner" to the idiom "raising the banner", which is a metaphor for holding high the banner of righteousness and rising against it. More generally refers to the people's uprising.
Every dynasty is in the Qin Dynasty
Pinyin: zhāo qín mù chǔ
Allusion: During the Warring States Period, Qin Chu, two great vassal states, were opposed to each other and often fought. Some vassal countries sometimes lean towards Qin and sometimes towards Chu for their own interests and security. Metaphor is capricious.
Source: Song Chaobuzhi's "Ji Li Ji Bei Zhu Ting Fu": "Relying on physiology in all directions, it is solid in the Qin Dynasty."
example: sigh ~, three years depends on Liu. (The Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren in Qing Dynasty)
In 353 BC, Wei besieged Zhao, and Qi sent Tian Ji to lead an army to save Zhao. Tian Ji took advantage of Wei's emptiness and led troops to attack Wei, Wei's army came back to save his country, and Qi's army took advantage of its fatigue and defeated Wei Jun, so Zhao was cleared.
During the Warring States Period, Tian Dan, the general of the State of Qi, attacked the Yan army with a fire bull array, causing the Yan army to be defeated. This is Sun Tzu's potential article in the Art of War, "Whoever fights will win by surprise."
War and chaos
b Ο ng hu ā ng m γ Luan idiom allusion: famine, chaos: refers to social instability. Describe the social chaos during the war.
The origin of the idiom: Yuan Wu Ming's "Wutongye" is the fourth fold: "The soldiers and horses will be driven away and taken captive." Example: At this time, there was chaos everywhere, and I barely made an Old Tang Book, where I still had leisure to do this pen and ink. "(the first time in Qing Li Ruzhen's Mirror Flower Garden)
Fighting against each other
Bā ng Ró ng Xi ā ng Jià n idiom allusion: Fighting against each other: weapons. Meet by force. Refers to solving problems by war.
bonfire has been going on for years
idiom allusion: bonfire: fireworks used in ancient frontier defense alarm. Metaphor is war or war. Of wars going on year after year.
Idiom origin: Yuan Dailiang's "Room Collection of Jiuling Mountain 24 Dengda Prison Mountain": "That is comparable to looking back to the southeast, and the bonfire has been alarming for years."
belligerence
qióng bīng dú wǔ idiom allusion: poverty: do your best; Hu: Whatever, whatever. Use force at will and constantly wage wars of aggression. Describe extremely belligerent.
The origin of the idiom: The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu and Lu Kang Biography: "But listening to the generals' partiality for fame and arrogance, they have spent thousands of dollars, and their soldiers have carved out their lives, and they have not failed. See that I am seriously ill."
sleeping with a pillow
zh ě n g ē q ǐ n ji ǐ idiom allusion: sleeping with a pillow and wearing armor. Describe often living in war.
the origin of the idiom: Helian Bobo in the Book of Jin says: "I have no talent to stir up chaos, and I can't be generous and prosperous. I have been sleeping in armor for ten or two years, but I am different in the four seas." The legacy is still hot. "
the disaster is linked to the soldiers
huò jié bīng lián idiom allusions: knot: linked; Soldiers: war; Lian: successively. War after war has brought endless disasters.
The origin of the idiom: The Story of Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty: "Although we have gained successes, Hu needs to repay them, and the war has been raging for more than 31 years." Example: When I went to my hometown, my voice was exhausted, and the disaster became a soldier's company. Jiao Feng Chu Luan didn't believe it. (Yuan Wu Ming's Wutong Rain is the first fold)
Turn war into jade
huà gān gē wéi yù bó Idiom: Metaphor turns war into peace.
the origin of the idiom: "Huai Nan Zi Yuan Dao Xun": "Xia Ying, a former scholar, was a city of three kinds of fish, and the princes betrayed him, so he was cunning overseas. Yu knows that the rebellion in the world is also a bad city, scattering property, burning armour and soldiers, applying virtue, serving overseas guests, accepting posts from four foreigners, uniting princes in Tu Shan, and holding jade and silk in all countries. "
the dragon's blood is mysterious and yellow
the idiom allusions of ló ng Xu ě Xu á n Hu á ng are used to describe fierce wars and rivers of blood.
The idiom comes from Yi Kun: "The dragon fights in the wild, and its blood is mysterious and yellow."
Every tree is covered with soldiers
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, the king of Qin, took control of China in the north. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 911,111 infantry and cavalry to attack the Jin Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led 81,111 troops to resist. When Fu Jian learned that the Jin army was short of troops, he wanted to seize the opportunity and attack quickly.
Unexpectedly, Fu Jian's vanguard of 251,111 troops was surprisingly defeated by the Jin army in Shouchun, with heavy losses. The general was killed and more than 11,111 soldiers were killed or injured. Qin Jun's spirit fell sharply, his morale wavered, and the soldiers were terrified and fled. At this point, Fu Jian saw the Jin troops in Shouchun City, with high morale, and then looked at Bagong Mountain in the north, only to see every grass and tree on the mountain like Jin soldiers. Fu Jian turned to his younger brother and said, "What a powerful enemy this is! How can we say that the Jin army is insufficient? " He regretted that he had underestimated his enemy.
The bad start cast an ominous shadow on Fu Jian's mind. He arranged his troops on the north bank of Feishui in an attempt to turn the war around by virtue of his geographical advantage. At this moment, Xie Xuan, the general of the Jin army, asked Qin Jun to step back a little and make room for crossing the river. Fu Jian did Sarah laugh that the general of the Jin army didn't understand the common sense of combat, and wanted to take advantage of the fact that the Jin army was busy crossing the river and it was difficult to fight, so he gave it a surprise attack, so he readily accepted the request of the Jin army.
Who knows, when the military order to retreat was given, Qin Jun was routed like a tidal wave, while the Jin army took advantage of the situation to cross the river in pursuit, killing Qin Jun, losing his helmet and armor, and his bodies were everywhere. Fu Jian fled with an arrow.
In the last years of the Three Kingdoms, Sima Yan, the Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, destroyed Shu and seized the state power of Wei, so he was ready to send troops to attack Soochow and realize the wish of reunifying China. He called the ministers of civil and military affairs to discuss the plan of destruction. Most people think that the State of Wu still has some strength, and it may not be easy to destroy it in one fell swoop. It is better to have enough preparation.
General Du Yu disagreed with most people's views and wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of Jin. Du Yu believes that it is necessary to destroy Haoguo while it is weak, or it will be difficult to defeat it when it has strength. Sima Yan read Du Yu's memorial and asked Zhang Hua, his most trusted minister, for advice. Zhang Hua agreed with Du Yu's analysis and advised Sima Yan to attack Wu quickly to avoid future trouble. So Sima Yan made up his mind and appointed Du Yu as the general of conquering the south. In 279 AD, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, mobilized more than 211,111 soldiers and horses, divided them into six roads, and attacked the State of Wu. All the way, the drums were ringing, the flags were flying, and the soldiers were mighty and magnificent. In the second year, he captured Jiangling, beheaded one of the generals of Wu, and led the army to pursue the victory. Wu Jun, south of Yuanjiang River and Xiangjiang River, was frightened by the wind and opened the gates to surrender. Sima Yan ordered Du Yu to March from the path to Jianye, the capital of Wu. At this time, some people are worried that the Yangtze River is surging, so it is better to wait until winter to attack. Du Yu resolutely opposed withdrawing troops. He said: "Now, when morale is high and fighting spirit is strong, we have won one victory after another, and it is like a broken bamboo (like chopping bamboo with a sharp knife, it will break in a few weeks). It won't take much effort to attack Wu in one fell swoop!" The army of the Jin Dynasty, led by Du Yu, rushed to build a business in Wudu, and soon captured Jianye and destroyed the State of Wu. Emperor Wu of Jin unified the whole country.
In full swing
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, King Fu Cha of Wu conquered Yue, Lu and Qi in succession, with great ambition, and continued to March to the northwest, intending to conquer Jin with all his might.
But at this time, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, copied the back road of the King of Wu. He led the army all the way to Suzhou, the capital of Wu, and sent troops to occupy the Huaihe River, cutting off the retreat of the king of Wu.
This news poured cold water on Fu Cha, the king of Wu. He was very shocked and immediately called civil servants and military commanders to discuss countermeasures. Everyone said that going back now means that the two customs have lost the battle and will be beaten at both ends; If we can defeat the State of Jin, it will be tantamount to becoming the overlord among the warring states, and it is not too late to go back and clean up Gou Jian, the king of Yue.
The big idea has been made. The urgent task is to conquer the State of Jin as soon as possible. After careful consideration, I decided to win by surprise.
one evening, the king of Wu gave the order. The soldiers of the whole army were well fed and the horses were well fed. Select 31,111 elite soldiers from the whole army. Every 11,111 people form a phalanx, and * * * forms three phalanxes. There are 111 people in each square. At the head of every line is the officer's division. Every ten lines, that is, 1111 people, are in the charge of a doctor. A phalanx for each event is led by a general. In the middle of the square, white helmets, white armor, white clothes, white flags and white bows and arrows are mastered by the prince of Wu himself, which is called Zhongjun; The square on the left, red helmet, red armor, red clothes and red are just like unfathomable; The square on the right is black. Set out in the middle of the night and arrive at the place only one mile away from the Jin army at dawn. It's just bright, Wu Jun drums, the sound of cheers shook the earth.
When the Jin army woke up from a dream, it was shocked to see Wu Jun's three phalanxes and their majestic momentum: the white phalanx was "in full swing"-like a thatched field full of white flowers; The red square, "looking like fire"-like a burning flame; And that black square is like an unfathomable sea.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. Zhong Er heard the news, escaped from the state of Jin, and forgot about it for more than ten years.
Zhong Er came to the state of Chu after many hardships. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with the gift of nations and treated him like a distinguished guest.
One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and the two of them had a chat and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "How can you repay me if you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch one day?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have plenty of rare birds' feathers, ivory hides, and even more abundant in Chu. What rare items are there for the King of Jin?" The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something, right? " Zhong Er smiled and replied, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to be friendly with your country. If one day, there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat first (one house is equal to 31 miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "
Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became the monarch, which is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.
in 633 BC, the armies of Chu and Jin met in battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the army to retreat 91 miles and stay in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw that the Jin army was retreating, it thought that the other party was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.
and while one man guards it's story: According to Historical Records, in 217 BC, Liu Bang entered Xianyang, saying, "When Xiang Yu arrived, he was not allowed to enter." The situation of "and while one man guards it, ten thousand cannot force it" in Hanguguan