1, aldehyde group: glucose contains an aldehyde group in the molecule, which makes it reducible. In human body, glucose can release energy through redox reaction, and can also be reduced to other compounds, such as cysteine and glutathione.

2. Hydroxyl: Glucose contains many hydroxyl functional groups, which makes it hydrophilic and polar. These hydroxyl groups are also the reasons why glucose can form hydrogen bonds with many compounds, thus affecting their chemical reactions.

3. Cyclic structure: Glucose molecules have a cyclic structure, which makes them stable. In human body, glucose can be metabolized by ring-opening reaction, but this process needs special enzymes to catalyze it.

4. Acidity and alkalinity: Glucose molecules have acidity (carboxyl group) and alkalinity (aldehyde group and amino group), which enables it to participate in various chemical reactions. For example, glucose can form a complex with amino acids through carboxyl groups, and can also form a salt with acids through amino groups.

5. Decomposition reaction: In human body, glucose can provide energy through decomposition reactions such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis, and synthesize important substances such as fatty acids and amino acids.

The role of glucose in human body;

1, glucose can provide energy. It is the main form of carbohydrate, which is oxidized and decomposed in cells through glycolysis process, releasing energy for the body to use. No matter the brain, muscles or other organs, they all need the energy provided by glucose to maintain normal physiological functions.

2. Glucose can promote the synthesis of glycogen in liver and muscle. Glycogen is a substance that stores energy in the body. When the body needs energy, glycogen will be broken down into glucose to provide energy. At the same time, muscle also uses glucose to synthesize muscle glycogen, which provides lasting energy for the body.

3. Glucose can also promote fat metabolism. Fat is another energy storage substance in the body, but only when glucose is insufficient will the body use fat for energy supply. Glucose can promote the decomposition and metabolism of fat and prevent fat accumulation and obesity.

4. Glucose can also maintain the stability of blood sugar level. Blood sugar refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood, which is very important for the normal operation of the body. The absorption and utilization of glucose can maintain the stability of blood sugar level and avoid the adverse effects of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia on health.