Raspberry planting technology Raspberry adaptability: Raspberry has strong adaptability. In China, it can be planted in most areas except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with no soil selection and few diseases. It has been cultivated in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei and other places, and can tolerate the low temperature of -40℃ to -45℃ in the north. It can grow normally at 40℃ in the south. Some changes will take place in subtropical areas, because the roots of raspberries are not naturally dormant. Under the condition of satisfying its growth conditions, raspberries will grow all year round without falling leaves, and can pick fruits twice a year, but the fruit shape is slightly smaller than that of northern fruits, and the yield is higher than that of northern fruits. The service life can reach more than 30 years.
Varieties of raspberries: There are many varieties of raspberries, about 400 in the world. From the color point of view, there are red, black, yellow, purple and other colors, generally known as red berries, blackberries, yellow berries, purple berries. Raspberry stands upright, with plant height 1.5-2m, reddish-brown branches, dark green leaves and red fresh fruit. The single fruit weighs 6- 12g, and the maximum is nearly 20g.
Raspberry yield per mu: 1000- 1500 kg. Some people say that it is 2000~3000 kg, which is not credible.
Planting time and form: Raspberry and red raspberry can be planted all year round, with spring planting being the best, spring planting before seedling germination after soil thawing (March-April) and autumn planting before soil freezing after seedling quality (10-165438+1October). Rubus can be planted in equal rows and equal holes, with row spacing of 2.5m and hole spacing of 0.8m, with 2-3 plants per hole, or with equal rows and sizes, row spacing of 3.5m, row spacing of 0.6m and plant spacing of 0.4m, with 600- 1000 plants per mu. Before planting, the roots of seedlings should be soaked in water 12-24 hours to ensure sufficient water in seedlings. The planting height should be consistent, the buried soil should be 10- 15cm away from the ground and 30cm around the hole planting pit. Small rows can be planted in rows, and the covering soil should be compacted, and the covering soil should not exceed the original soil marks of seedlings. Watering is permeable.
Fruiting period. Once planted, it can bear fruit for many years. Since flowering and fruiting, there are a few fruits in the first year of cultivation, and the fruits are lush in the second year, and the fruits are not easy to change color and taste. High yield, bunching and clustering, and the harvest period is from June to September every year. Fruit belongs to berries and has a short storage time at room temperature. Fresh food should be picked at eight or nine points, and the juice should be fully ripe.
Erection and branch introduction: When the branch length is 1.5m, it must be erected and branch introduction. Set an upright post at 5- 10 m in the row, with the height of 1.5 m, and pull two iron wires. The upper wire is fixed at the top of the column, and the lower wire is 1 m away from the ground. Fan the branches to the wire and tie them up.
Pruning: Pruning is divided into three times. The first pruning was at the time of planting. After the seedlings survive, the thin and weak branches and damaged branches that are too dense should be uniformly cut off. When the new shoots grow to 40-60 cm, the less dense plants can be cored at 10 cm to promote the germination of new lateral branches and increase the number of branches. The second time is the pruning of basic branches (that is, the new shoots of that year). The basal branches should stay at 1.3- 1.5 m, and be pruned when it exceeds 1.5 m, and 6-8 vigorous basal branches should be selected for each cluster, and the rest should be pruned. The third pruning is after the fruit is picked, and the alma mater should cut it evenly.
Fertilizer and water management: base fertilizer is applied in early autumn, mainly decomposed farmyard manure, and appropriate chemical fertilizer can also be added. The base fertilizer is mixed with the soil at the side 40-60 cm away from the plants. When applying chemical fertilizer, the soil should have enough water, and about 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to the side 50 cm away from the plant.
Raspberry is a shallow-rooted plant: when it is watered in drought, the soil moisture can reach 40 cm. The principle is that it is watered in drought and drained in flood. The water was frozen once before winter came in the north. In arid areas, some leaves and broken straws can be covered around raspberries, which can not only prevent water evaporation, but also increase soil fertility.
Other management: Raspberry can be cultivated twice a year to weed, and chemical weeding can use alachlor, glyphosate, simazine, ligulon and so on. (according to the instructions). In order to improve the land utilization rate, some dwarf plants, such as beans and potatoes, can be planted on fruit trees.
Key points of raspberry planting There are two main kinds of raspberries. One is single season, which ripens once a year in summer, and the other is double season, which ripens once a year in summer and autumn.
Latham strain, a common single-season raspberry variety, has round and deep red fruit; Mick strain is also crimson, with high sugar content and extremely sweet taste; Willamette's fruit is firm but a little sour; The fruit of brandy strain is large and dark purple; The fruit of Black Hawk strain is dark black and very juicy.
Friendly plant of common two-season raspberry varieties, medium size, deep red, compact and fragrant. The fruit of Luojin strain is golden and sweet.
Know the color of raspberries. Raspberries are red, yellow, black and dark purple. Among them, red and yellow are the sweetest, and black tastes mellow. Among them, black raspberry is the most difficult to grow, because it is very easy to get sick and its plants are relatively weak.
Choose several kinds of raspberries with different maturity, so that they can be harvested continuously in the season with raspberries. Mix early-maturing varieties with mid-late-maturing varieties, such as? Algonquin? Raspberry and? Qiufu? All kinds of raspberries are planted together.
Think about the climate there. In the north, we should plant those cold-resistant strains, such as Yinbohe, Nova and Germanic strains. In the south, we can consider planting dormann red, raspberry and southern varieties, which are relatively heat-resistant.