1, active ingredients: namely, substances that have biological activity and exert major drug effects, such as alkaloids, glycosides and volatile oil.

2. Auxiliary ingredients: substances that have no special curative effect, but can enhance or alleviate the efficacy of active ingredients. For example, saponins in digitalis can help digitalis glycoside dissolve or promote its absorption.

3. Invalid ingredients: refers to substances that are ineffective or even harmful, which often affect the leaching effect, preparation stability, drug efficacy, etc.

4. Tissue substances: insoluble substances that constitute cells, such as fiber and cork.

Second, according to the classification of processing grade:

The primary processing classification includes unified goods, goods selection, general election, small selection, special selection, first-class, second-class, third-class, fourth-and fifth-class mixed-class, and extra-class feeding, in which unified goods are a specification in which large and small goods are mixed together.

Three, according to the classification of processing methods:

There are clear water, salt water, raw system, cooked system, clean goods, water washing and so on.

Four, according to the origin of different classification:

It is to distinguish the same medicinal material by the name of its place of origin, such as Atractylodes macrocephala, Botong and Zhetong, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Neocene and Inner Mongolia, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Xitong and Qitong.

Five, according to the different growth and harvest period to classify.

Panax notoginseng is often divided into "Spring Seven" and "Winter Seven" due to different harvest seasons. The former is selected for less than three years and dug before flowering, with full texture and excellent quality; The latter is harvested after seed setting in autumn and winter, and the bulk pine is inferior in quality. Forsythia suspensa, according to the fruits picked at different times in the morning and evening, calls the yellow-colored old man "Laoqiao" and the green-tender one "Qingqiao".

Six, according to the different colors to classify

Forsythia suspensa includes bluish yellow, cortex moutan divided into black Dan (without peeling) and white Dan (also called scraping Dan, that is, peeling). Common color specifications include yellow series, blue series, black series, white series and red series.

Seven, according to the different packaging classification

Packaging organic bags, woven bags, loose handles, wicker handles, etc. Such as bagged Scutellaria barbata and machine-bound Scutellaria barbata, scattered codonopsis pilosula and wicker angelica sinensis.

Eight, according to the different quality classification

The quality specifications are roughly divided into domestic and wild, domestic and imported, firewood and farinaceous, such as wild salvia miltiorrhiza and domestic salvia miltiorrhiza, imported American ginseng and domestic American ginseng, dried ginger and dried ginger, etc.

Extended data:

Identification of medicinal materials

1, water test identification method

Water test identification method is a simple and traditional empirical identification method. Some drug dealers, driven by interests, use unscrupulous means to adulterate or even falsify Chinese medicines, and the means are brilliant. It is impossible to identify their authenticity with the naked eye, and it is possible to buy fake and inferior drugs with a little carelessness. In the absence of high-tech equipment and technology, some adulterated or fake Chinese medicines can be exposed by water test.

Water test is a quick, simple and effective method to identify the authenticity and quality of some Chinese medicinal materials according to their special physical and chemical phenomena (such as ups and downs, swelling, dissolution, nail penetration, color, etc.) in water or after water contact.

2, oral identification method

According to the taste of Chinese herbal medicines, we can understand their special taste and taste, so as to measure and identify the authenticity of Chinese herbal medicines, which is called oral examination. This method is simple and feasible, and has great application value in identifying Chinese herbal medicines such as root bark, fruit seeds and so on. For example, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and other medicinal materials have distinct, pure and lasting bitter, sour, sweet, salty and spicy tastes, and the stronger the general taste, the better the quality. However, attention should be paid to the oral identification method: the sampling should be representative, and the highly irritating and highly toxic medicinal materials should be carefully sampled to prevent poisoning.

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese herbal medicine