Medical experts suggest that the clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction in children are close to gastroenteritis. When children have symptoms similar to gastroenteritis, parents need to be alert to intestinal obstruction and make a diagnosis in a regular hospital in time to avoid the wrong treatment plan affecting their health.
1, mistaking intestinal obstruction as gastroenteritis is very harmful.
One day, 2-year-old Lele in the emergency room of the hospital kept crying, and her parents were very anxious to ask the doctor about her child's physical condition. According to Lele's parents' description, Lele's stomach has been uncomfortable for several days after eating, and he often covers his stomach with his hands, feeling that the child seems to have been suffering from stomachache and vomiting.
After listening to Lele's parents' description, the doctor palpated Lele. Through palpation, the doctor felt abnormal and told Lele's parents to take their children for B-ultrasound examination immediately. The final examination results verified the doctor's judgment. Lele was not a simple gastroenteritis, but had intestinal obstruction. The main cause of the disease was intussusception. To treat the disease, air enema was needed. If there was no obvious clinical effect, surgery might be needed.
The incidence of intussusception in infants aged 6 12 months is very high, and the high incidence of the disease is in summer and autumn every year. Because of their own age characteristics, children's ability to regulate gastrointestinal tract is insufficient under the condition of seasonal changes every year, which is easy to produce gastrointestinal dysfunction and other problems.
1 year-old children generally add complementary food to their diet, which also leads to a significant increase in the probability of intussusception. Intussusception is an important cause of intestinal obstruction in clinic. In addition, intestinal hernia, intestinal adhesion and congenital intestinal malformation may lead to intestinal obstruction in pediatrics. Many parents did not seek medical treatment in time after the symptoms of intestinal obstruction in children, and missed the best treatment opportunity after the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. Children often need long-term hospitalization when their condition is aggravated, which will also affect their health to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately distinguish gastroenteritis from intestinal obstruction to avoid misdiagnosis and other problems.
2, know gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis is a common clinical disease, with a very high incidence in children. The main cause of gastroenteritis is microbial and toxic substance infection, and the main clinical symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and so on. Adults will only feel slightly uncomfortable after gastroenteritis, and it will not have much impact on their health. Children and the elderly and infirm will have symptoms such as water and electrolyte disorder and dehydration after gastroenteritis, and even endanger their lives. Many children have symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting after gastroenteritis, accompanied by symptoms such as loss of appetite, fever, thirst, dry skin and sunken eyes. Babies cry less after onset, which can easily lead to hyponatremia, hypokalemia, renal failure and shock.
The main measures for clinical treatment of acute gastroenteritis are to correct the acid-base balance disorder of water and electrolyte and improve the intestinal microenvironment, etc. Patients can gradually recover by taking enough water and drugs orally and supplementing electrolytes properly in bed rest. Babies in lactation can continue breastfeeding while being treated. If patients have severe symptoms such as dehydration and diarrhea, they need to be treated by intravenous rehydration. Some patients can use antidiarrheal drugs and antiemetic drugs, but children are not recommended to use such drugs or antibiotics.
In daily life, in order to effectively prevent gastroenteritis, it is suggested to repeatedly wash and peel fruits and other foods to avoid intestinal infection caused by pesticide residues or bacteria. Children should try to reduce the intake of cold and spicy food, choose different foods in different seasons, avoid overeating and pay attention to food hygiene, so as to effectively prevent gastroenteritis.
3. Understand intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction refers to a disease caused by obstacles in the passage and normal movement of substances in human intestinal cavity. The causes of intestinal obstruction are complicated, including vascular intestinal obstruction, dynamic intestinal obstruction and mechanical intestinal obstruction. The most common type of intestinal obstruction is mechanical intestinal obstruction, which is related to peritoneal adhesion, intestinal stenosis, intussusception, incarcerated hernia, volvulus, etc. Related diseases include small intestinal hernia, congenital intestinal malformation, intestinal ascaris, intestinal adhesion and intussusception. Most children with dynamic intestinal obstruction do not have organic intestinal stenosis, and the main cause is related to intestinal motility disorder. Related diseases include spastic intestinal obstruction, paralytic intestinal obstruction, etc. Vascular intestinal obstruction is relatively rare in clinic.
The clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction are complicated. The symptoms of abdominal distension, abdominal pain and vomiting in children are not all caused by gastroenteritis, but intestinal obstruction can also produce these symptoms. The specific symptoms of intestinal obstruction vary according to the location, etiology, degree and nature of obstruction, but most patients with intestinal obstruction will have symptoms such as constipation, vomiting, abdominal distension and abdominal pain. Usually, the main symptom of patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction is severe abdominal colic, and the pain is paroxysmal. The main symptoms of patients with narrow intestinal obstruction are persistent pain and paroxysmal aggravation, and the main symptoms of paralytic intestinal obstruction are persistent abdominal pain.
Children can't accurately describe abdominal pain because of their age characteristics and lack of language expression ability. They often show paroxysmal crying after the onset, and vomit after the symptoms related to intestinal obstruction. The initial vomiting belongs to reflex vomiting, while the later vomiting is vomiting caused by intestinal contents flowing back into the stomach. After a period of intestinal obstruction, patients will have obvious abdominal distension. Patients with high intestinal obstruction will vomit more frequently, so they will not have abdominal distension. Patients with low intestinal obstruction will have obvious abdominal distension. In the early stage of intestinal obstruction, the gas and feces in the patient's intestine can still be excreted normally, and the anus will stop exhausting and defecating in the later stage of intestinal obstruction, and some patients will have constipation.
Medical experts believe that children generally do not have intestinal obstruction in the case of diarrhea, but there is the possibility of intestinal obstruction in the case of bloody stool, mesenteric thrombosis and intussusception can also lead to bloody stool. The incidence of intestinal obstruction in children is relatively high, and children can't accurately describe their physical symptoms, so parents need to be vigilant when their children have similar symptoms to avoid affecting the later treatment.
4. Effective prevention and treatment of intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is harmful to children's health, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention. In daily life, parents need to keep children's food hygiene and avoid intestinal obstruction caused by eating unclean food. Do not exercise vigorously after eating to avoid symptoms such as volvulus. At the same time, ascaris lumbricoides is a factor that can not be ignored in causing intestinal obstruction, so attention should be paid to prevention. Eating too much melon seeds, peanuts, bayberry and persimmon in the diet is also a factor that can not be ignored.
For children with a history of abdominal surgery, it is necessary to actively treat gastrointestinal diseases to prevent intestinal obstruction. It is necessary to treat children with intestinal obstruction in time to avoid toxic shock and intestinal necrosis. For incomplete intestinal obstruction and simple intestinal obstruction, conventional treatments such as gastrointestinal decompression, anti-infection and rehydration can be used to correct the disorder of water and electrolyte, and intestinal stimulation can also be used to restore the normal defecation function of children as soon as possible.
If there is no obvious effect after routine treatment, surgery is needed to make the children's intestines return to normal as soon as possible. After intestinal obstruction, it is necessary to take basic control measures such as fasting and water deprivation, taking a semi-recumbent position, reducing abdominal pressure, closely monitoring the changes of various physiological indexes, eating semi-liquid food during the remission period of the disease, and promoting the gradual recovery of children's bodies.
5. Summary
To sum up, the clinical incidence of intestinal obstruction is high, so parents need to distinguish it from gastroenteritis. When children have symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool, they should seek medical treatment at the first time to avoid blind medication. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of intestinal obstruction in daily life to improve children's health.